Study on the Construction of China's Unified Urban-rural Construction Land Market

State-owned urban construction land market in China has evolved and been improved gradually, but use system of rural collective construction land has lagged far behind, so the urban-rural construction land market in China has been split with a result that use effi ciency of land resources is poor and collective land property rights of peasants are damaged. On the basis of analyzing problems of the current construction land market and also the causes, modern land property theory and institutional change of neoinstitutional economics are applied to study dynamical mechanism and development path of the construction land market, to construct the unifi ed construction land market system of China, and to propose corresponding guarantee policies, so as to achieve the effective allocation of construction land and maximization of social welfare.

The Evolution of Urban and Rural Construction Land Based on Spatial Econometrics:A Case Study of Bijie City

Based on the theory of spatial econometrics,we test and process the urban and rural construction land data during the base period of planning and late period of planning in Bijie City.And we conduct comparative analysis of the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of urban and rural construction land in 41 towns of Bijie City before and after the planning.According to Getis-ord G i coefficient test results,the cold spot area of urban and rural construction land in northeast of Bijie City will gradually disappear,and the key point of hot spot area will be gradually transferred from the central region to the central and eastern regions.The results show that under the guidance of the overall land use planning in Bijie City,the urban and rural construction land will show strong spatial autocorrelation;agglomeration benefits and scale merit will appear clearly,in line with the actual situation of current development of Bijie City.

Study of Urban and Rural Construction Land Change Based on Small Scale in Dafang

This paper is to examine the urban and rural construction land data of Dafang between basic year and final year based on country scale and spatial econometrics,and analyze its spatial pattern and change feature. According to the results,the construction lands in all the villages of Dafang County showed strong spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial cluster. After the analysis of local Moran's I,the construction lands in 381 villages of 36 counties presented strong activity. The original small-scale villages were gradually enlarging,which will not only gradually benefit local development,but also be in accordance with the strategy of " one city,one district,eight parks".

Discussion on Mode of Key Link in Increase and Decrease Connection of Urban and Rural Construction Land

With the methods of qualitative analysis, induction and deduction, modes of key links in increase and decrease connection of urban and rural construction land are proposed in view of the involved three key links, namely reclamation of rural construction land, fund raising and management of connection turnover index, based on the comprehensive analysis of political connotation in increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land. The modes include "village relocation and combination", "hollow village" reconstruction, high-rise stereo, village relocation in the mountain and related capital raising and turnover index management and the applicable regions of various modes are analyzed and studied. The research result provides reference for the reasonable operation of increase and decrease link of urban and rural construction land.

Promoting Poverty Alleviation through the Project of Linkage of Urban Construction Land Increase with Rural Construction Land Decrease——A Case Study of Binchuan County in Yunnan Province

The policy of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease is an important task for poverty alleviation. It not only promotes the intensive use of land and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,but also plays an essential role in poverty alleviation development and the relocation of poverty alleviation. It provides a strong guarantee for winning the project of poverty alleviation. Taking the project of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease in Binchuan County in Yunnan Province,combined with the current situation of poverty alleviation and relocation in Binchuan County,the implementation of related policies of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease,and path of relocation poverty alleviation,this paper introduced problems in the implementation of policies of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease in Binchuan County,and came up with recommendations for the project of poverty alleviation through linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease.

Model and Strategy of Urban and Rural Construction Land Market Integration

At present,one of the important contents of China s rural land system reform is to build a unified construction land market in urban and rural areas.The unified construction land market in urban and rural areas will produce higher economic and social benefits.It is imperative to promote the integration of urban and rural construction land market to improve the income of farmers,invigorate the stock of rural collective construction land and improve the efficiency of land use.This paper analyzes the current situation of urban and rural construction land market,the two models and typical cases of urban and rural construction land market integration,the restrictive factors and practical difficulties of urban and rural construction land market integration,and puts forward some suggestions and measures.This provides a theoretical basis for accelerating the integration of urban and rural construction land market,and hopes to provide a certain reference for the integration of urban and rural construction land market.

Temporal-spatial Characteristics of the Urbanization of Rural Land in Xinjiang

Relying on remote sensor technology, GIS and Land--sat TM digital images,the authors use spatial and statistical analysis to examine the temporal-spatial characteristics of the change caused by urban construction in Xinjiang’s rural areas from the end of the 1980s to the end of the 1990s. The primary findings show the following: 1) The urban construction in rural areas has increased drastically. The expansion speed of urban land use has accelerated over the past decade. The sub-land use changes caused by the urbanization of rural are characterized by salient regional differentiation among the three main regions and among the 85 counties of Xinjiang. 2) The shift of land use is mostly characterized by cultivated land and grassland being used for urban and industrial projects. Moreover, this change of land use is characteristic of regional differences. 3) Factors of rural-urban construction land use changes in Xinjiang, are undoubtedly affected by natural environment, social, economic conditions, and to a larger degree by population growth, GDP development and industrial development..

乡融合背景下村镇建设用地“扩张-消失”多情景模拟——以洛阳市为例

研究目的:从当前村镇建设用地“既拆又建”现象出发,聚焦城乡融合背景下村镇建设格局演变规律,以洛阳市为例,开展2020-2030年村镇建设用地“扩张—消失”多情景模拟研究,为大城市村镇建设用地差别化管理提供决策依据。研究方法:PLUS模型、形态学空间格局分析、多情景设定。研究结果:(1)区位条件因素在村镇建设用地“扩张—消失”中起基础性作用,距离耕地、高速公路的远近对扩张与消失变化的影响较大,贡献度均超过16%。(2)2020-2030年洛阳市村镇建设用地扩张与消失规模以及格局差异明显。在规模上“扩张”与“消失”面积比例约为2∶1;在格局上“扩张”斑块类型以边缘、支线及孤岛为主,“消失”斑块类型则以核心区和边缘占优。(3)4种情景下研究区村镇建设用地均表现为大规模零碎式扩张与小规模集中式收缩。其中,耕地保护情景中孤岛占比最少(9.93%),空间上连通性和整体性最优,未来应进一步充分考虑耕地保护情景。研究结论:亟需秉持村镇建设用地以优化存量换取增量的理念,均衡协调扩张和消失的规模、形态及其综合效益,针对主要驱动因素实施差别化管理,实施“一村一策”缓解村镇建设用地低效利用困境。

城乡互动视角下村镇聚落发展规律与驱动因素研究--以重庆市永川区为例

乡村聚落的发展受到区域城镇发展的巨大影响。我国现阶段主要在县域范围优化村镇聚落体系,并根据实际情况分类推进村庄建设,因此把握县域范围村镇聚落体系的空间演变规律与驱动因素是乡村规划的关键环节。文章从城乡互动的视角,以重庆市永川区为例,基于人地关系与用地转化测度建设用地演变的特征,探讨了城乡发展的影响因素,结合发展演变过程分析驱动力,揭示城乡互动发展背景下村镇聚落的演变机制。结果显示城区主要为紧凑型增长,城区边缘及近郊村镇则为伴随着乡村城镇化的外延型增长,远郊村镇大部分为收缩型,有少量空心型。地理探测器的分析显示出乡村与城镇发展的主要影响因素有明显差异:自然条件主导了乡村的发展;区位、社会经济条件则是城镇发展的主导因素。同时乡村发展又与城镇密不可分,产业协同与转型、人口迁移以及道路港口的建设是永川乡村就地城镇化与可持续发展的核心驱动力;而增减挂钩的相关土地政策则是城乡人地协调和可持续发展的重要保障。乡村振兴应根据村镇聚落发展规律,分区分类精准施策;可构建与城镇产业协同互补的乡村现代农业产业链,培育多元发展引擎;并通过制度改革促进资本、人力、土地在城乡的良性互动。

Spatio-temporal analysis of land-use conversion in the eastern coastal China during 1996-2005

Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transformational development and investigations on the spot,this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade,with the aid of GIS technology.Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows：（1）the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2005,with a loss of 1,708,700 hm^2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm^2 per year;（2）land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm^2 ,with an average increment of 153,200 hm^2 per year;（3）total area of encroachment on arable land for construction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm^2 ,accounting for 34.03%of the arable land loss in the same period,the percentages of which used for industrial land（INL）,transportation land（TRL）,rural construction land（RUL）and town construction land（TOL）are 45.03%,15.8%,15.47%and 11.5%,respectively;and（4）the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation＇s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy.The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization and expansion of rural settlements in the eastern coastal area,and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion.

城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策与城乡收入差距

在空间均衡视角下,建立理论模型分析城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策对城乡收入差距的影响,并通过实证分析进行政策评估的结果表明:增减挂钩政策能够提高城乡居民人均收入,但是对城市居民人均收入提高幅度更多,从而加大城乡收入差距。如果配套实施农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策,在提高城乡居民人均收入的同时,这种综合性改革能够促使农村人均收入提高幅度更大,进而缩小城乡收入差距。随后,基于2000—2016年省级面板数据,采用逐期双重差分法与合成控制法分别评估城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策与配套实施农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策对城乡收入差距影响的实证结果发现:自2006年实施增减挂钩政策后,增减挂钩试点省份的城乡收入差距均值提升0.125,达到2.820;自2008年实施配套农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策后,重庆市的城乡收入差距均值下降0.261,达到3.043。基于此,在城乡融合背景下,我们应建立健全城乡统一建设用地市场制度。

集体建设用地入市对县域市场活力的影响研究:基于企业进入视角

研究目的:基于企业进入视角,关注推进城乡统一建设用地市场建设的作用效果,系统考察集体建设用地入市改革对县域市场活力的影响。研究方法:将工商企业注册和土地出让微观数据集与县域经济数据结合,基于因果推断的反事实框架,使用多期双重差分方法进行政策效果检验并进行机制分析。研究结果:(1)集体建设用地入市显著提升了县域市场活力,该结论通过了一系列的稳健性检验;(2)改革通过作用于供地规模与供地价格,对政府规制产生了弱化效应,推动了土地要素市场化配置,对工业与商住用地价格偏移具有矫正效应;(3)政策在一定程度上提升了土地的产出效率,形成效能提升,增强市场活力。研究结论:深化土地要素的市场化配置,进一步扩大集体经营性建设用地入市改革范围,完善集体土地入市流程和市场化交易机制,增强土地要素市场提振县域市场活力的支撑作用。

农民集中居住意愿的影响因素分析--基于山东省26个乡镇的调查研究

在对山东省26个乡镇的农民集中居住情况进行问卷调查的基础上,采用了有序因变量模型,通过对Probit、Logistic和Extreme value三种模型回归结果的对比分析,得出了影响农民集中意愿的主要因素及内在机理。研究表明:农民的经济状况、受教育水平、政府补贴力度和社会保障的完善程度均对集中居住意愿有显著的正向影响,而年龄、对基础设施的满意程度和购买新型社区的房价与农民的集中居住意愿呈负向关系。建议地方政府要把尊重农民的意愿放在首位,根据当地实际情况适度地开展集中居住建设。

生产要素下乡的障碍性因素及破解之策——基于S县J农业项目的调查研究

城乡要素的双向有序流动是在我国实施乡村振兴的战略背景之下,实现城乡融合发展的关键支撑,而城乡融合则是建立在生产要素双向自由流动的基础之上的,但是当前我国的城乡要素却只呈现出由乡村向城市的单向流动,从城市向乡村的流动还存在着障碍。为了深入研究生产要素下乡的障碍性因素,本文采取案例分析法,通过对S县J农业项目落地过程的考察和分析,研究发现阻碍生产要素下乡的主要障碍性因素为:由于在我国现行的农村土地制度、政策、运行机制之中均存在着与现代农业及乡村旅游业发展不相适应的成分,因而由此引发的农用地供地障碍和农村集体经营性建设用地供地障碍。为了破解生产要素下乡的障碍性因素,本文提出如下建议:1)我国应以土地确权为基础,积极开展对农用地经营权的股份化改革,从而可以将农用地经营权“化零为整”集中管理,最终以达到解决农用地规模化流转困难的目的。2)我国应通过重新研究制定乡镇的行政区划标准,来进行相应的调整改革,从而以打破土地流转的行政壁垒。3)我国应对农村集体经营性建设用地的空间置换机制进行深入改革,并完善相应的土地入市机制,从而可以将农村分散、闲置的集体经营性建设用地整合利用,并可以为生产要素下乡提供足够的空间载体。4)我国应优化农村集体建设用地的空间布局,促使其可以充分发挥出集聚产业要素、保障社会服务、促进文化发展等诸多功能,进而以形成主城区与区域中心镇相结合的空间格局,并可以为生产要素下乡提供畅通的渠道。

长株潭城市群生态绿心地区乡村建设用地减量策略研究

随着我国土地供需矛盾的日益突出,建设用地从“宽供给”逐渐走向“总量减量、盘活存量”发展的新阶段。基于长株潭城市群生态绿心地区乡村建设用地持续蔓延扩张,用地规模难以控制的问题,本文通过总结我国城乡建设用地政策演变与相关实践经验,以长株潭城市群生态绿心地区为例,深度剖析乡村建设用地减量发展面临的困境,并从规划编制体系、具体实施路径、政策创新三个方面提出减量化策略,即“完善规划编制,构建‘全链条’减量治理体系”、“精准识别减量区域,推进‘精细化’减量实施路径”、“创新减量政策,探索‘生态+减量’协同治理模式”,以期为我国跨区域城郊地区乡村空间治理提供参考。

GPS-RTK在郑州市惠济区新农村建设中的应用

为满足城乡一体化建设规划需要,郑州市惠济区内新农村建设急需完成数字测图。针对当地的地理与气候状况,采用GPS-RTK技术对测区进行网点布设,并在测站进行实测,将测绘数据运用在工程中。GPS-RTK技术的运用极大地推动城乡一体化建设规划数字化测图工作的进程,突显GPS-RTK技术在测绘工作中的优越性和必要性。

集体经营性建设用地入市与城乡收入差距

集体经营性建设用地入市是农村土地制度改革的重要内容,缩小城乡收入差距是推进共同富裕的关键,深入研究两者的关联十分重要。基于2010-2019年全国县级面板数据,借助集体经营性建设用地入市政策这一准自然实验构建合成双重差分模型,深入考察集体经营性建设用地入市政策对城乡收入差距的影响。实证研究发现:集体经营性建设用地入市政策显著地缩小了城乡收入差距。机制分析表明:集体经营性建设用地入市政策通过非农产业发展和农民返乡就业缩小城乡收入差距。异质性分析发现:集体经营性建设用地入市政策对于东西部地区、高金融发展水平和弱财政能力的县域城乡收入差距的缩小作用更加明显。另外,研究还发现:集体经营性建设用地入市政策对城乡收入差距的缩小效应更多起着“雪中送炭”而非“锦上添花”的作用,即集体经营性建设用地入市政策主要缓解了城乡收入差距较大县域的城乡收入不平等。

关于国土空间规划中城乡建设用地统筹的思考

我国经济社会发展呈现出城乡差距逐步缩小但仍存在的趋势,城市化水平提升迅速,城市扩张对土地资源的需求逐年增加,与此同时,农村用地的过度集约利用和城乡建设用地的利用差异也使得城乡土地发展面临一系列挑战,对城乡建设用地的统筹规划显得尤为迫切,如何更好地实现城乡建设用地的统筹发展,已成为当前国土空间规划亟待解决的重要问题。

兰州-西宁城市群城乡建设用地开发强度空间格局变化及影响因素分析

明确土地开发强度空间格局特征和演变规律,对城市发展边界、生态安全红线和耕地保护红线划定具有重要的指导意义。以1995、2005、2015和2018年兰州-西宁(兰西)城市群39个县级单元为研究区,运用趋势面分析、空间自相关和地理探测器等方法,分析兰西城市群城乡建设用地开发强度空间格局特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)兰西城市群城乡建设用地开发强度均值总体呈增长态势,由1995年的2.74%增长到2018年的4.45%,在空间上呈现兰州-西宁2个中心高、外围地区依次降低的“核心-外围”空间分布格局。(2)东西方向和南北方向空间差异较大,且呈现出扁平的倒“U”型曲线分布态势。(3)城乡建设用地开发强度空间上存在显著正相关性且集聚特征明显,冷热点区的空间分布具有相对稳定性。(4)1995-2018年城乡建设用地开发强度受人口集聚水平、经济发展水平、产业结构水平和海拔等要素综合影响。研究结果可为兰西城市群以及同类型地区城乡建设用地管控和高质量发展提供决策参考。

论城乡规划管理行政权力的责任空间范畴--写在《城乡规划法》颁布实施之际

在介绍《城乡规划法》规定的规划区内涵的基础上,重点分析了规划区与行政区域、规划区与建设用地之间的关系,提出城乡规划行政管理的权力空间范围和责任空间范围两个不同的概念,指出法律在这两者的规定上并不完全重合。分析了不同规划管理权力的空间适用范围,以及不同空间范畴内规划行政管理的力度差别,主张规划行政权力的责任空间范畴应该与规划许可权的空间范畴对等,即"城乡规划确定的建设用地范围"。