Urban Spatial Expansion Characteristics in China’s Rapid Urbanization Region—A Case Study of SXC Region

Urban spatial expansion characteristics are the responses of urbanization acts on the geographical space. Analyzing the characteristics can reveal the process of urban expansion and mechanism which is one of useful methods to find out the sustainable land use strategy balancing development and protection. In this paper, two main methods have been deployed in analyzing the spatial expansion characteristics of rapid urbanization region. One is the expansion index method and the other is fractal dimension method. And the results show that town-level urban sprawl has increased in a non-linear way since 1985, and even the increments of the urban expansion intensity are fluctuated. Morphology transformation from scatter to concentration is common phenomenon in the process of urbanization in the towns. From the morphology point of view, downtowns are more homogenous than towns with less variation. The concentration is the leading development trend in downtowns. And the more distance from the downtown is, the more spatial pattern morphology will be observed. These characteristics indicate that macro-scale policies of economic development and land use management have great impacts on the formation and characteristics of spatial patterns of urban dynamic patterns.

Evolution of Spatial Pattern of China's Urbanization and Its Impacts on Regional Development

Along with the remarkable economic growth,China has been experiencing a rapid urbanization in the past 60 years.However,the development of urbanization was not coordinated with regional development and the distributions of population and economy were discrete.With the method of centroid analysis,this paper demonstrates the spatial pattern of China's urbanization and its evolution thereof from 1952 to 2005.Two indices are set up to represent the coupling states of three centroids,by which the impacts of urbanization on regional development are analyzed.In the end,from the angle of spatial pattern,this paper summarizes the characteristics of China's urbanization,its evolution and its interaction with economic development,and then gives several suggestions on the population policy for the balanced regional development in the country.

Creation of Regional Characteristics for Urban Wetland Park

Concepts of regional characteristics and urban wetland park were introduced, contribution factors and creation principles of regional characteristics of urban wetland park analyzed. And the creation techniques were introduced from three perspectives: respecting regional natural environment and loci features, inheriting regional cultures and showing spirit of the place, applying materials and technology reasonably. Flowing Water Park in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, Xiazhu Lake Wetland Park in Huzhou City, Jinghu National Urban Wetland Park in Shaoxing City, and Xixi Wetland in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, were taken for example to specify techniques of creating regional characteristics of urban wetland park.

Research on the Promotion Path and Strategy of Regional Tourism Brand of Jinan-Tai'an Urban Integration from the Perspective of Marketing

In order to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of the city,Shandong Province put forward the development strategy of Jinan-Tai’an urban integration.Based on the perspective of tourism marketing,the regional tourism brand of Jinan-Tai’an urban integration is created to promote the development of regional tourism in Jinan and Tai’an and further promote the integrated development of Tai’an and Jinan.Based on the analysis of the tourism resources and the characteristics of tourist source market in Tai’an and Jinan,as well as the in-depth study of successful cases at home and abroad,the path and countermeasures to promote the development of regional tourism in Tai’an and Jinan are summarized from the perspective of marketing.

The driving effect of informal economies on urbanization in China

This paper examines the rise of informal economies in China,a hidden driving force overlooked in studies on China’s urbanization.Estimating the size of informal economies using the multiple indicators multiple causes model,the paper employs mathematical models to examine the driving effect of informal economies on urbanization and to reveal the paths by which such effect works.The results were as follows.(1)In 2018,the size of the informal economy in China accounted for 23.5%of GDP with an output value of 21.16 trillion yuan.(2)The informal economy had a driving effect on China’s urbanization,and every 1-percentagepoint increase in its share of the GDP led to an increase of 0.291 percentage points in the urbanization rate.(3)The informal economy’s effect on urbanization showed regional differences,decreasing in size from the eastern to the central to the western regions.(4)The informal economy drives urbanization through four paths-by promoting foreign direct investment(FDI),fixed asset investment(FAI),social consumption(SC),and secondary sector employment(SSE).Their effect sizes are ranked in descending order as follows:FDI>FAI>SC>SSE.This paper contributes to theories on urbanization dynamics and process in China by highlighting the role of the informal economy as a hidden economic power lurking in the city.

Design of a sustainable development path in Chenzhou based on a knowledge graph

Sustainable urban development involves many fields with complex data types and rich semantic relationships,such as the economic,societal,and ecological fields.Knowledge graphs provide a new means for sustainable urban development research by leveraging their strengths in the construction of knowledge networks and display of knowledge associations.Focusing on Chenzhou,a resource-based city serving as a China’s Innovation Demonstration Zone for Sustainable Development Agenda,this study adopted a top-down approach,applying the“seven-step”and“skeleton”methods to construct an ontology for sustainable urban development through manual editing.A knowledge graph was constructed for Chenzhou’s sustainable development,comprising 515 nodes,3209 relations,and 28157 attributes.Sustainable measures and pathways were proposed based on this knowledge graph.The results showed that Chenzhou’s future sustainable development should focus on innovation,growth,emissions reduction,centering around high-quality and sustainable development.Promoting the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements,accelerating the optimization and upgrading of industrial structures,and enhancing talent cultivation and recruitment will foster new quality productive forces,providing strong momentum and support for the high-quality and sustainable development of Chenzhou.To accelerate the green economy transition,Chenzhou should improve the market-oriented allocation system for resources and environmental factors,explore the“gross ecosystem product+eco environment-oriented development”project implementation model,encourage enterprises to adopt environmental,social,and governance principles,and foster synergies between supply and demand.Furthermore,coordinating Chenzhou’s low-carbon city pilot projects and constructing carbon sequestration pathways that leverage nature-based solutions will help implement the“dual carbon”actions and enhance the city’s ability to respond to climate change.

Distribution dynamics,regional differences,and convergence of sustainable development of cities and communities in China

China is one of the most populated and rapidly urbanizing countries worldwide and was among the earliest countries to integrate sustainable development into urban construction.To achieve high-quality development and implement the objectives of“Transforming Our World:The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”,it is crucial to measure and analyze the current level of sustainable development of cities in China.Following the principles of relevance,scientific rigor,universality,reliability,and timeliness,this study constructs an assessment index system for sustainable development,covering seven themes corresponding to the UN Sustainable Development Goal 11.Through detailed calculations,we obtained sustainable development indices for 139 Chinese cities from 2016 to 2022 and analyzed them in three dimensions:distribution dynamics,regional differences,and convergence.The key findings are as follows.First,the level of sustainable development showed improvement,with the average score of included cities increasing by 11.88%from 2016 to 2022.Second,the level of sustainable development was relatively balanced,maintaining low Gini coefficients between 0.05 and 0.06.Third,a weak overallσconvergence feature existed,with increased differentiation in 2021.From a regional perspective,aσconvergence feature was observed in the northeastern but not in the western region.Fourth,both overall absoluteβ-convergence and conditionalβeffects were significant.Regional absoluteβ-convergence and conditionalβ-convergence were also significant.This study contributes to the literature by providing evidence of China’s urban sustainable development,offering policy insights for deepening the implementation of development goals in the future,and providing experiential reference for other developing countries to achieve sustainable development.

URBAN REGIONAL STRUCTURES TRANSFORMATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF NANJING MEGALOPOLIS

s: Since 1978, many changes have happened on the background of urban regional structure in China, such as the economy system restructuring, the social transforming including the population flow accelerating and social demand diversifying and individualizing, the political and economic systems reforms, the rise of the real estate market and the changing relationship between human and nature. From the macroscopic view, these changes make the national urban system to be a newer pattern with a widening gap among the cities in spite of the rising of the cities as a whole. At the same, the urban land use structures are changing with both the trends of intensification and diversification, and the trends of the regional diversification and the economic integration. Besides, urban structures with multiple centers are emerging in several metropolitan areas in China. These changes and trends mentioned above are confirmed by a case study of Nanjing City, a growing metropolitan area in east China. The case study also points out some problems in urban regional structure reforming, especially the poor social and ecological considerations. We should pay more attention to some ideas like balance of intensification and decentralization, development of suburban centers and a reasonable mixing of the functional activities to develop a sustainable urban regional structure.

Development Path of Urban-rural Integration

The urban and rural areas are regarded as two major components of the regional economic system. Only through joint balanced development of the two can we achieve overall economic optimization and social welfare maximization. But the great social division of labor has separated urban areas from rural areas,which casts the shadow of city-oriented theory on cooperative relations between urban and rural areas. Mutual separation between urban and rural settlements and independent development trigger off a range of social problems. We must undertake guidance through rational development path of urban-rural integration,to eliminate the phenomenon of urban-rural dual structure,and promote the sustainable development of population,resources and environment in urban and rural areas as soon as possible.

Measurement of Urban Economic Gravity of China’s Three Major Agglomerations and Its Implications for the Coordinated Development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

This paper adopts the perspective of urban economic linkage and the modified urban economic gravity model to conduct a comparative analysis of the economic gravity among cities in China’s three major urban agglomerations,including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Yangtze River Delta,and the Pearl River Delta.The results show that,despite the ever-tightening economic linkages among cities in the urban agglomerations,the development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region falls behind that of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta in terms of coordination,closeness,and balance.The economic linkages among cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are not as cohesive as they could be and display a significant“siphon effect”through Beijing and Tianjin as well as a prominently unidirectional economic flow.This study suggests that efforts should be put into directing the orderly flow of resources from Beijing and Tianjin to cities in Hebei and promoting a balanced economic flow among cities,thus facilitating the coordination of regional development.

The Influence of the Urban-Rural Income Disparity on the Industrial Structure—Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region as an Example

In this paper, the effect of the mediation effect is mainly used to test and analyze the regression model, and most scholars have studied the impact of the modernization of the industrial structure on the income gap. However, this paper is from another perspective, based on the social background of high-quality development, the main study is the impact mechanism of urban and rural income gap on the industrial structure, taking the Yangtze River Delta as the main research object, and specifically selecting 22 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, which is also one of the highlights of this study. The regression model is constructed by using the intermediary effect, and the four intermediary variables of fiscal expenditure (M1), fixed asset investment (M2), number of patent applications (M3), and total import and export (M4) are selected, which represent the role of the government, fixed asset investment, scientific and technological level and opening-up level, and study and analyze the inherent influence mechanism between each variable. Before doing specific research, I consulted the papers and literature of many other outstanding scholars, among which Cheng Yuhong and Cheng Chi’s “The Influence Mechanism of industrial structure of urban and rural income gap” [1] has great reference value for this paper. According to the research results, under the background of high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region, the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas will inhibit the upgrading of the industrial structure, so it is necessary to focus on building a new type of urbanization, accelerating the construction of an urban innovation system, optimizing the rural employment structure to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and providing impetus for the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.

Regional Planning and Development Under the Maximization of Urban Agglomerative Economies

Starting from the meaning and types of urban agglomerative economies, with the analysis of the characteristicsand causes of urban agglomerative economies, this paper puts forward that the regional planning and development shouldattach importance to urban agglomerative economies, follow the law of the maximization of regional urban agglomerativeeconomies. It also points out the countermeasures and advices to facilitate the regional planning and development based on theprinciple.

Comparative Analysis of Urban-rural Residents' Propensity to Consume in China's Four Regions

According to the data in China Statistical Yearbook from 1992 to 2008,by using regression model,we adopt least square method and generalized least square method to conduct empirical analysis on the relationship between urban-rural residents' income and consumption in China's east,northeast,central region and west.The results show that the urban-rural residents' propensity to consume in China's four regions has prominent characteristics.In terms of region,urban residents' marginal propensity to consume takes on irregular fluctuation,while the rural residents' propensity to consume conforms to law of diminishing of marginal propensity to consume;in terms of time sequence,the rural residents' marginal propensity to consume in China's four regions takes on "multi-U-form" fluctuation trend,and the rural residents' marginal propensity to consume in different regions has certain difference,while the urban residents' marginal propensity to consume takes on low-frequency broad width fluctuation trend;the urban-rural residents' average marginal propensity to consume in China's four regions conforms to the law of diminishing.In order to increase consumption and promote the balanced rapid development of regional economy,in light of the urban-rural difference and characteristics of different regions,we should propound effective measures to promote urban-rural residents' propensity to consume,and formulate and implement regional policy in order to stimulate consumption.

Extraction of Basic Trends of Urban Expansion in China over Past 40 Years from Satellite Images

If urban sprawl is to be avoided in China in the next ten years, it is not only crucial to understand the overall history, current status, and future trends of urban expansion there, but also these differences, and this is presently lacking. In this study, remotely sensed images with approximately 30 m spatial resolution were used to quantitatively assess the spatial and temporal patterns of urban expansion of 60 Chinese cities(1973–2013). Urban-expansion-process curves of the cities studied were drawn using annual expansion area as an indicator. Curve similarity analysis generated four basic process modes of urban expansion in China. These included cities that: 1) peaked around 2004 and then decelerated; 2) peaked around 2010 and then decelerated; 3) showed sustained acceleration, and 4) showed continued deceleration. Four basic process modes represented cities under different levels of development stage. Geographic location was found to be the most related characteristic to urban expansion process. Regional development policies at the national level in each region also showed highly temporal consistency with fluctuation characteristics of urban expansion process. Urban characteristic such as population size and administrative level were not found to be significantly related to urban expansion-process modes. Understanding the basic process-mode categories well is extremely important for future regional-balance planning and development of macroeconomic policies.

Analysis of Plant Configuration in Urban Landscape of Xianning City with the Beauty of Naturalness and Harmony

With the analysis of the natural geology, greening status and green plant resources in Xianning City, urban greening status of Xianning City is analyzed as a whole, the important role of plants in urban landscape is elaborated, and the relationship among regional environment, plant configuration and landscape aesthetics is proposed. The aesthetic features are interpreted through the growing habits and individual ornamental features of landscape plants. Landscape beauty presented by plants is emphasized through the aspects of thematic beauty, artistic beauty, composition and rhythm. In the respect of configuration principles of landscape plants, principles of natural, regular and combined configurations are highlighted. The discussion of rational thinking upon plant configuration in urban greening is discussed so as to improve urban ecological environment, save construction investment, and enhance the artistic taste and ornamental value of urban landscape.

Characteristic Construction of Nanchong City

With the gradual improvement of urban economic conditions,the features of local cities have been seriously damaged,and their characteristics have gradually weakened or even disappeared in the wave of urbanization.Taking Nanchong City,the core city in Sichuan-Chongqing region,as the research object,the paper excavates the local characteristics of Nanchong by means of historical tracing and field investigation.Through the research on the urban characteristics of Nanchong,it is hoped to provide some references for the construction of local urban characteristics in the rapid development of China at the present stage.

A relationship between red tide outbreaks and urban development along the coasts of Guangdong Province

Red tides are one of the main coastal catastrophic events in Guangdong Province of southern China. The comparison between the number of red tide events and the development indexes of cities along the coasts of the province shows that the regional differences in red tide outbreaks has close relations with the coastal urban developments. The cause for an initiation of red tide blooms may be natural factors, while wastewater caused by the fast development of population, industry and aquiculture of the coastal cities enhanced the blooms. It may explain why the two periods of frequent outbreaks of the red tides over the last two decades matched the urban developments in the coastal areas of Guangdong not only spatially but also temporally. The red tides in the first period were restricted only to the coasts of middle Guangdong, where urbanization process was at a higher speed than the other coastal areas of the province. In the second period, fast development of the coastal cities in eastern Guangdong led to an increase in the occurrence of red tides in local sea areas of the same coasts.

REGIONAL EFFECTS BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUZHOU INDUSTRY GARDEN

Suzhou Industry Garden is one of the few areas which attract foreign capital on a large scale in China. Its construction will bring effects on regional economy obviously. First, the garden as an important part of the construction of high tech industry belt between Shanghai and Nanjing will become the radiating source and core area in the course of development of high tech industrialization in the southern area of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Second, the garden will influence the development of Taicang City, the door port city of Suzhou, and the development of peripheral villages and towns as well. As Taicang City is being constructed as the assistant center for International Shipping Centre in Shanghai, the structure of double nucleus by which Suzhou and Taicang could benefit from each other will come into being. Third, the garden which has been formed as the unique area for introducing foreign managing mode as a whole will be made the base for demonstration and using international economic management experience for reference.

System Dynamics-and its Use in Understanding Urban and Regional Development

System dynamics shows how the structure and policies in a system produce change through time. System dynamics deals with the internal processes that produce good and bad behavior in social, economic, and environmental systems. In a system dynamics study, one builds a computer model that acts out the behavior of the real system being represented. The computer model is then used to

Strategic Path for the Development of Live Pig Healthy Breeding Industry in China

The objective of study in the paper was to analyze advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of development of pig healthy agriculture in China, using systematic analysis and SWOT strategic analysis, as well as to show severe diseases, abnormal fluctuation, misplaced way and versatile environment confronted by pig breeding in China. The paper establishes ＂double-hug mode＂, from which pig breeding industry transforms and upgrades to modern breeding industry. Combing with the designed multi-party cooperation mechanism of advantageous regions, urban sale areas and group corporations, it sets up three paths for development of pig healthy agriculture in China, i.e., strategic paths of advantageous regions, urban sale areas and group corporations oriented, with an attempt to provide strategic path reference for transformation and upgrading of pig breeding in China and mode reference for breakthrough of development strategy for pig healthy industry.