Butterfly taxonomic and functional diversity in the urban green spaces of Hefei city

Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the community composition characteristics of butterflies in urban green spaces within the context of rapid urbanization. Simultaneously, it explored the status and differences in butterfly taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and functional traits among different types of urban green spaces, regions, and urban gradients to provide relevant insights for further improving urban green space quality and promoting biodiversity conservation. We conducted a year-long survey of 80 green spaces across different urban regions and ring roads within Hefei City, Anhui Province, with monthly sampling intervals over 187 transects. A total of 4822 butterflies, belonging to 5 families, 17 subfamilies, 40 genera, and 55 species were identified. The species richness, Shannon, Simpson, functional richness, and Rao's quadratic entropy indices of butterflies in urban park green spaces were all significantly higher than those in residential and street green spaces(P < 0.05). Differences in butterfly diversity and functional traits among different urban regions and ring roads were relatively minor, and small-sized, multivoltine, and long flying duration butterflies dominated urban green spaces. Overall, these spaces offer more favorable habitats for butterflies. However, some residential green spaces and street green spaces demonstrate potential for butterfly conservation.

Numerical Simulation of Dam-Break Flows Using Radial Basis Functions: Application to Urban Flood Inundation

Dam-break flows pose significant threats to urban areas due to their potential for causing rapid and extensive flooding. Traditional numerical methods for simulating these events struggle with complex urban landscapes. This paper presents an alternative approach using Radial Basis Functions to simulate dam-break flows and their impact on urban flood inundation. The proposed method adapts a new strategy based on Particle Swarm Optimization for variable shape parameter selection on meshfree formulation to enhance the numerical stability and convergence of the simulation. The method’s accuracy and efficiency are demonstrated through numerical experiments, including well-known partial and circular dam-break problems and an idealized city with a single building, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool for urban flood risk management.

Multi-source Data-driven Identification of Urban Functional Areas:A Case of Shenyang,China

Urban functional area(UFA)is a core scientific issue affecting urban sustainability.The current knowledge gap is mainly reflected in the lack of multi-scale quantitative interpretation methods from the perspective of human-land interaction.In this paper,based on multi-source big data include 250 m×250 m resolution cell phone data,1.81×105 Points of Interest(POI)data and administrative boundary data,we built a UFA identification method and demonstrated empirically in Shenyang City,China.We argue that the method we built can effectively identify multi-scale multi-type UFAs based on human activity and further reveal the spatial correlation between urban facilities and human activity.The empirical study suggests that the employment functional zones in Shenyang City are more concentrated in central cities than other single functional zones.There are more mix functional areas in the central city areas,while the planned industrial new cities need to develop comprehensive functions in Shenyang.UFAs have scale effects and human-land interaction patterns.We suggest that city decision makers should apply multi-sources big data to measure urban functional service in a more refined manner from a supply-demand perspective.

Thriving green havens in baking deserts:Plant diversity and species composition of urban plantations in the Sahara Desert

Hot arid zones represent vital reservoirs of unique species and ecosystems,holding significant importance for biodiversity.This study aimed to explore the plant diversity associated with tree plantations in urban ecosystems under hyper-arid climatic conditions in the Sahara Desert of Algeria.In May 2022,30 quadrats measuring 1 m^(2) each were established at the base of Phoenix dactylifera,Leucaena leucocephala,and Tamarix aphylla,corresponding to the dominant tree species in each of three plantations.In each quadrat,the plant quantitative inventory was conducted to measure plant diversity and similarity among the studied plantations.Based on this,we assessed the plant functional traits and rarity/abundance status of the flora.The findings revealed a diverse flora associated with the studied plantations,comprising 29 plant species grouped into 27 genera and 12 families.Notably,Poaceae(accounting for 30.8% of the flora),Asteraceae(25.0%),and Zygophyllaceae(21.6%)were well-represented.With an overall density of approximately 555 individuals/m^(2),Zygophyllum album(120 individuals/m^(2))and Polypogon monspeliensis(87 individuals/m^(2))emerged as the most abundant species.Functional trait analysis underscored the pivotal role of therophytes(constituting over 50.0% of the flora)and anemochorous species(33.0%-62.5%).Phytogeographic analysis emphasized the prevalence of the Saharo-Arabic element(constituting over 31.0% of the flora)and the Mediterranean Saharo-Arabic element(9.5%-21.5%).The Cosmopolitan element thrived under disturbance factors,recording percentages from 13.0% to 20.0% of the plant community.The rarity/abundance status of the flora emphasized the significance of rare,common,and very common species in the studied plantations.These findings could provide fundamental data for the effective control and management of biodiversity in hot hyper-arid urban ecosystems.

Function Analysis of Urban Rail Transit Smart Station

In order to make rail transit smart stations serve passengers better,the potential of smart stations should be optimized to reduce time cost,and relieve traffic congestion.In this paper,the construction of smart stations based on the management experience of a subway station and the benefits of smart stations were analyzed and discussed.The construction of smart stations,as well as the key technologies for the construction of smart stations,will aid in the automation and intelligent management of subway stations.

Patterns of species diversity and functional diversity of breeding birds in Hangzhou across an urbanization gradient

Given the rapid rise in human population and increasing urbanization,it is important to understand their potential impacts on biodiversity.From March 2007 to August 2007,we conducted bird surveys in 90 strip transects,each 3 km long and 100 m wide,along a gradient of urbanization in Hangzhou,China.This gradient spanned a range of urbanization levels including urban areas,rural-urban continuum areas,farming areas,mixed forest/farming areas and forested areas.We recorded 96 breeding bird species and classified them into nine functional groups based on nesting requirements.The nine functional groups consisted of canopy nesters,shrub nesters,canopy/shrub nesters,natural cavity nesters,building nesters,natural cavity/building nesters,ground nesters,water surface nesters and parasitic nesters.Species and functional diversities were estimated based on the Shannon-Wiener index.Environmental data of each transect as human disturbance,vegetation cover and building index were also measured,and a synthetic urbanization index of each transect was introduced based on these data.We used regression analyses to model the relationship of species abundance,species diversity,functional abundance and functional diversity with this synthetic index.The results show that urbanization significantly reduces species richness,species diversity,functional richness and functional diversity,but the specific patterns differed.The relationship between species abundance/species diversity and urbanization is linear.In contrast,the relationship between functional diversity and urbanization was quadratic.In other words,with increased urbanization,functional diversity declined only slightly at first but then dropped at an accelerating rate.This implies that,although moderate urbanization reduces species diversity of breeding birds,it affects functional diversity of breeding birds only slightly in Hangzhou.The regression analysis of species diversity and functional diversity suggests a quadratic relationship between species diversity and functional diversity,i.e.,a linear relationship between species diversity and functional diversity can only exist at low diversity levels across urbanization gradients and increasing species abundance does not lead to an increase in functional diversity at the highest diversity levels.

Preliminary Evaluation on Urban Forest Ecosystem Services Function in Meizhou City

In order to better explore the function of urban forest in human habitation and settlement environment,the ecosystem functions were evaluated in terms of air purification,water conservation,soil conservation,maintenance of biodiversity in Meizhou by the methods of market price,shadow prices approach and opportunity cost,and the problems of the value assessment at home and abroad in urban forest ecosystem services function were simply discussed.

Function of College Suburbanization in Suburb Urbanization——A Case Study of Xindu District of Chengdu City in China

Under the background of increasing aggravation of social transformation,the paper has discussed the influence of new campus construction in large cities on the expansion of high education zone and college suburbanization.Based on Merton's structural functionalism,by taking Xindu District of Chengdu City for example,the positive and negative functions of college suburbanization in suburb urbanization have been analyzed through complex indexes of urbanization evaluation.Furthermore,it has analyzed positive functions on urbanization of suburb population,suburb economy,suburb residents' life style and values,as well as negative functions on government's administration and land resources' use.On this basis,countermeasures to transform negative effects into positive effects have been proposed.

Spatial Identification of Urban Ecological Function on the North Slope of Qinling Mountains Based on Ecological Sensitivity—A Case Study in Baoji, China

Since the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, ecological civilization has been the key construction goal in China, which has a profound impact on the process of urbanization. In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization and unreasonable land development and utilization, the ecological environment has deteriorated sharply, and the stability of ecological environment has always been a difficult problem in the process of regional development. The spatial division of urban ecological function can be divided into different types of spatial utilization according to the fragile state of ecological environment, which not only guarantees urban construction but also maintains the ecological environment health, and has great economic benefits and ecological value in formulating regional development strategies and ecological protection. In this paper, from four perspectives of “land, water, human and forest”, eight factors affecting ecological sensitivity were selected, and GIS spatial superposition method was used to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis on the ecological sensitivity of Baoji City, and the evaluation results of single factor ecological sensitivity and comprehensive ecological sensitivity were obtained. The areas with different ecological sensitivity are divided into extremely sensitive areas, highly sensitive areas, moderately sensitive areas, slightly sensitive areas and non-sensitive areas. The research shows that the proportion of extreme, high, moderate, mild and insensitive areas in Baoji City is 7.32%, 10.57%, 22.25%, 42.91% and 16.95% respectively. Finally, the areas with different sensitivity grades are identified as three types of urban ecological function areas: ecological conservation area, ecological coordinated moderate utilization area and ecological suitable construction area, so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for urban construction and land use optimization in Baoji City.

An integrated approach to evaluation on ecological service functions for urban green space and its application

This methodological investigation deals with measurement and valuation of ecological service functions for urban green space. Social, economic and ecological dimensions for such types of function were analyzed and a concept “integrated ecological service functions” (IESF) was put forward for evaluation. Based upon this conceptual approach, an index system for measuring IESF for urban green space was established. With a methodological integration of fuzzy mathematics, decision making analysis and Delphi method, an AHP fuzzy evaluation techniques for IESF for urban green space, called AFIFUG method, was developed. Such a method has been directly applied to the land use strategic planning of Tianjin out ring green belt(TOGB), and its analysis results have been successfully put into operation.

Function of Agricultural Land Use and Its Evolvement in Peri-urban Area: A Case Study of Beijing

Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the devel- opment of the multifunctional agriculture and urbanization any more, so multifunctional agricultural land use is going to be promoted in the city. This article proposes the evolvement of the land use change from 1992 to 2004 and discusses some evolvement views.

Functional Characteristics of Beijing Subway Stations Based on POI Data:Taking Beijing Metro Line 6 as An Example

Urban subway station is a key node related to urban social,political,economic and cultural activities.There are some differences in the location,function orientation,land use and flow characteristics of different types of stations in the city.This paper mainly used Tyson’s edge,kernel density analysis,chart analysis and other methods to classify the functional types of 412,393 POI data of 26 stations along Metro he results showed that the spatial distribution of Beijing Metro Line 6 was mainly divided into 3 categories,subway stations were divided into 4 categories.Among them,type A sites were divided into composite and single types,and the distribution characteristics of the 6 types of sites were quite different.Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of POI point data,this method can quickly classify and analyze the characteristics of stations along Line 6 in Beijing,which also has theoretical and practical value for the planning of urban subway lines.

Growth and Function of Urban Cultural Space Seen from Guangfu Morning Tea Culture

Morning tea culture taking Guangzhou as the core and the Pearl River Delta as the traffic area is taken as the research object.The evolution of the way of morning tea is analyzed,and internal and external conditions for the formation of urban cultural space are analyzed,and the growth and function of urban cultural space are explored.Through theoretical sampling method and grounded theory method,taking social media views as data source,the dimensions of the cultural space of Guangfu morning tea are explored,and the dimensions involved in the construction of cultural space of Guangfu morning tea are discussed,and the relationship between the cultural space of morning tea and human being is understood,to better explore how to construct the cultural space of morning tea,and find out the growth dimension of urban cultural space.The growth and function of urban cultural space are examined from the perspective of urban cultural space,thereby providing suggestions for the development of urban cultural space.

Design of the Functional Improvement and Transformation of Public Space in Old Communities Guided by Rivers:A Case Study of the Tiaodeng River Basin of Yongchuan

Urban water system has a certain orientation for the formation and morphological evolution and development of urban space,and old residential areas are often built along the vein of the water system,which is one of the main media to continue the historical context of the city and create the urban regional landscape in the context of urban renewal.The old residential area of the Tiaodeng River basin in the old city of Yongchuan is taken as the research object.Under the background of urban double cultivation,community transformation is combined with urban waterfront space transformation.Around the influencing factors such as water pollution,monotonous function,and lack of style,the existing problems of the site are analyzed and summarized.Additionally,six major strategies are put forward to achieve the quality and function improvement of the old residential area in the Tiaodeng River basin:creating a water town type of landscape style,river course governance,traffic optimization,shaping cultural interface,updating business formats,and improving supporting facilities.

Toward a sustainable future:Examining the interconnectedness among Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),urbanization,trade openness,economic growth,and energy usage in Australia

The energy demand in Australia is increasing with the industrialization and rapid economic growth.This study analyzed the relationships among the economic growth,Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage in Australia based on the data from World Development Indicators(WDI)from 1972 to 2021.The results indicates that there is a cointegration among economic growth,FDI,trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage,which was traced through the autoregressivedistributed lag(ARDL).The Zivot-Andrews unit root test reveals that energy usage,economic growth,FDI,urbanization,and trade openness show significant structural breaks in 1993,1996,1982,2008,and 1994,respectively.The ARDL model shows that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on energy usage in the long-run(0.814)and short-run(0.809).Moreover,the results also show that FDI(0.028)and trade openness(0.043)have positive impacts on energy usage in the long-run.However,urbanization shows a negative and significant influence on energy usage in the long-run(–0.965).Then,the research demonstrates a unidirectional causation between energy usage and trade openness,with energy usage significantly causing trade openness.The current study endorses energy consumption policies and investment strategies for a paradigm shifting from a reliance on fossil fuels as the primary energy source to renewable energy sources.These findings have profound implications for sustainable energy usage.

Functional Characteristics of the Surrounding Area of Beijing Metro Line 5 Based on POI Data

As an important urban infrastructure,rail transit not only has transportation function,but also has a close connection and harmonious development with the surrounding urban space.Taking Beijing Metro Line 5 as an example,each station of Beijing Metro Line 5 was analyzed by GIS software and Echarts chart based on POI data.The functions of subway site type were divided into main function,secondary function and no significant function,and various types of sites within the main functional characteristics of urban functions were discussed in details.The paper presents a new method for identifying urban functional features,which can be applied to not only other metro stations in Beijing but also the same type of cities.Moreover,it lays a foundation for the research of rail transit subway stations and their related researches.

Empirical Study of China's Rural Consumption Function from the Perspective of Balancing Urban and Rural Development

From the perspective of balancing urban and rural development,this article researches the factors influencing the consumption level of rural residents in China.I select the relevant data concerning per capita net income of rural households and annual per capita consumer spending of rural residents for living in the period 1985-2008,establish the regression model of per capita net income of rural households and per capita consumer spending of rural residents for living,and conduct regression analysis and error correction model test using the measurement software.The analysis results show that there is not only long-term equilibrium relationship between rural residents' current consumption and rural residents' current income,between rural residents' consumption in lag period 1 and rural residents' income in lag period 1,but also short-term equilibrium relationship;current income is the main reason for determining the current consumption).Corresponding proposals are put forward to promote the level of rural consumption in China as follows:propel agricultural modernization;actively develop specialized cooperative organizations of rural residents;improve rural land transfer mechanism;promote the level of public services in rural areas;accelerate the transfer of rural surplus labor.

西安市城市轨道交通站点功能演变及影响因素

城市轨道交通站点功能是城市土地利用状况和空间活力的综合反映,轨道交通站点与城市用地的协调发展对于缓解交通拥堵压力、提高土地利用效率具有积极的作用。运用信息熵、优势度、均衡度和多元回归模型,分析2011—2020年西安市中心城区轨道交通站点功能演变及影响因素。结果表明:西安市城市轨道交通站点功能呈现波动上升、中稳外变和混合主导的演变特征,商服功能、到城市中心的距离是城市轨道交通站点功能演变的主要因素,其中,商服功能对城市轨道交通站点功能的混合度呈正向影响,到城市中心的距离对城市轨道交通站点功能的混合度呈负向影响。规划期城市空间格局对城市轨道交通站点功能具有重要影响,建设期地区经济水平成为关键因素,运营期商业服务业则成为推动城市轨道交通站点功能演变的主要力量。基于城市轨道交通站点功能演变的时空分异和影响因素探究,有助于优化城市轨道交通站点周边区域土地利用和提升城市轨道交通站点活力。

“城乡两栖”视角下农村宅基地“三权分置”问题研究

“三权分置”改革有助于化解“城乡两栖”背景下宅基地的制度困境。在我国城镇化进程和乡村振兴过程中,城乡人口双向流动以及异地居住的“城乡两栖”现象日益明显。人口迁居带来了宅基地及其地上房屋所承载的居住功能弱化,而它们的财产功能和社会情感功能则逐渐增强。总体来看,现有部分制度抑制了宅基地的产权权能开发和资产价值挖掘,造成了闲置、低效利用与隐性流转共存的困局,需要合理推进“三权分置”改革。宅基地“三权分置”改革受到乡村治理机制不完善、产权边界不清晰、农民宅基地权属观念模糊等因素掣肘,面临所有权主体虚置、过度“资本化”等诸多问题,阻碍了相关体制机制创新。为此,“三权分置”改革需要清晰界定“三权”边界,明确宅基地的法权属性,在保障农户资格权的基础上适度拓展宅基地使用权,推动实现宅基地的财产价值;引入市场机制多元盘活闲置宅基地,进而提高土地资源利用效率。

城市更新内容及支撑技术体系研究

基于构建人民美好生活的建设目标,将城市更新概念拓展为动态开放的城市硬件设施、软环境、智慧管理与服务系统4方面,并进行全面打造。基于马斯洛需求层次理论,进行城市供给需求分析,将城市功能划分为基本生活类供给、社区管理与物业服务、日常生活质量提高服务、个人价值实现需求服务、可持续发展服务5大类,并梳理各自对应的具体需求内容。提出城市更新活动6大内容模块,即配套政策制定、城市更新所需技术梳理与研发、城区针对性功能分析与规划设计、城市功能完善与发展所需空间的开发与优化配置、城市全功能环境优化、可持续发展与智慧化管理体系构建。建立城市更新支撑技术体系,即工程建设、便利生活设施、装饰装修与艺术人文、环保节能、智能化管理、未来可发展性,并简析其包含的50项技术成熟度和应用发展前景。