Brownfield Redevelopment Based on Theories of Urban Regeneration and Landscape Urbanism:A Case Study on Changchun Tractor Factory

Urban development and construction has led to a series of problems,such as the deficiency of land resources,difficulty in old city renovation,and backward landscape construction,etc.Brownfield refers to the abandoned and polluted lands of industrial,commercial,or other uses,whose redevelopment can not only effectively stimulate the intensive utilization of urban lands and the growth of urban economy,but also improve the quality of the urban ecological environment.Considering that the research on brownfield redevelopment methodologies in China is still at its initial stage,the application of the theories of urban regeneration and landscape urbanism in brownfield redevelopment will be conducive to solving various urban problems and promoting brownfield land use values.This paper,based on an analysis on the theoretical connotations of urban regeneration and landscape urbanism and their infl uences on brownfi eld redevelopment,argues that the urban regeneration theory can serve as the"framework"while the landscape urbanism theory as"skeleton"of brownfi eld development,both of which can integrally form the"organic body of brownfi eld redevelopment."It further puts forward fi ve primary principles for brownfi eld redevelopment which are elaborated through a case study on Changchun Tractor Factory.

Strategies for Improving Public Transportation Accessibility in Beijing's Urban Regeneration from an Inclusive Perspective: Inspirations from Paris's Experience

As China’s urbanization has transformed from extensive development to "refined operation," urban regeneration is more significant. This paper analyzes changes in research perspectives of urban regeneration in recent years at home and abroad and the innovative concept of inclusive development proposed in the context of globalization, finding that the connotation of urban regeneration in European countries has been gradually enriched in order to promote social integration. Based on this, the paper examines how Paris, the first European city, combined inclusive development and urban regeneration and addressed social integration and equity in urban regeneration by taking accessibility as a key point in solving the most fundamental transportation problems. Based on lessons learned from Paris in developing a barrier-free transportation system, it proposes specific optimization strategies at the micro level in accordance with the status quo of public transportation accessibility in Beijing’s urban regeneration.

Assessing Flexible Places for Adaptive Urban Design:A New Method and the Case of Cittaducale

Each place has its own peculiarities,determining that the resilience and adaptation to diverse types of risks will be different,requiring different time and methods for mitigation as well.The coexistence of several risks determines further resolution difficulties as commonly,since risks are sudden and unforeseen,there is a tendency to treat the last risk more carefully,neglecting the previous one even if it is just as important.Most of the methodologies used to analyse areas affected by different risks are aimed at focusing in particular on seismic risks without considering those relating to intangible aspects linked to the identity of the places or aspects related to urban health and liveability.And,more in general,in relation to design aspects,urban methodologies do not consider all the results of the analyses,maybe for the difficulty deriving from translating the complexity of collected data in project interventions.Starting from these premises,the objective of the article,elaborated within the SISMI and PRIN 2020 research projects is to propose an original methodology capable of analysing the places affected by multiple risks and planning its resilience attentive to its cultural resources and to its liveability.To this end,the proposed method will be aimed at creating flexible and adaptive places and the case-study of Cittaducale will be illustrated.Criticalities and qualities of this place affected by an earthquake in 2016 will be reported and project interventions to transform its risks into opportunities will be shown.

Mode and Mechanism of Urban Land Redevelopment

On the basis of summarizing and appraising the mode and mechanism of land redevelopment in urban regeneration in China’s transitional period,the relationship between land redevelopment system and urban regeneration is analyzed from the perspective of land system,and then the cooperative mechanism of urban regeneration and land redevelopment is recommended for promoting the development of urban regeneration.

Places of Heritage in Cities:The Challenge of Planning Based on Their Sustainable Urban Integration

The paper examines a case study of a monument of cultural heritage,which includes elements of historical,architectural and rural landscape,as well as other material and intangible elements.The monument,named“Averofios Agricultural School”,is located within the urban area of Larissa,on its outskirts.The school,established in 1901,operates as an educational agricultural organization,has been declared to be preserved by the Greek Ministry of Culture and its management involves five different public institutions.The main issue is that the school is at risk of depreciation due to degrading phenomena and its further isolation.The paper argues that its obsolescence could be stopped if the area could be integrated into the city of Larissa from the urban,operational,educational and strategic point of view.For this purpose,it is proposed to regenerate the area and to use it as a peri-urban rural educational park with local,regional and national scope.

Social Balances in the Design Space

A socio-territorial balance settles and develops through the diversity of ingredients that participate in new forms of sociality:new ways of living and expressing everyday life:new technologies conceived with alternative mobilities,new systems of aggregation and shared participations,just to make some examples:car-sharing,co-working,social-spaces,...,places of sharing,physical or virtual,social media online,or other places where people meet to satisfy their needs and exigencies.The project must have a complete vision,in order to clarify the various scenarios that arise from time to time,continuous interaction between things,people,and space,in order to address and solve problems,such as health,education,poverty,and climate change.The local daily principle of sustainability and self-sustainability,each territory must find its identity dimension in its own historical and cultural stratification,a dimension which for Alberto Magnaghi is based on indissociable fundamental principles:cultural,social,economic,geographical and ecological.The new solutions must be less impactful and with greater attention to the social reality:localized,intercultural,flexible,innovative and participatory,only this way it is possible to obtain a strategic design that focuses on an integrated whole:products,services and communication.

Regenerating historical districts through tactical urbanism:A case study of Sarpol neighborhood in Isfahan Province,Iran

This paper examines historical urban fabrics’challenges regarding quality of life and visual disturbances despite their cultural and identity value.Regeneration and socialoriented approaches considering social,economic,and cultural dimensions preserve and enhance these valuable materials.Tactical urbanism,with its people-oriented approach,can address these issues.This study focused on Sarpol in Khomeinishahr County,Isfahan Province of Iran.The city’s urban structure divides into two parts:despite its active social structure and valuable spaces,Sarpol is a historic neighborhood with significant deterioration.We followed Corbin and Strauss’s version of Grounded Theory in the qualitative research methodology.Purposive and snowball sampling methods were employed to select 21 participants from the Sarpol neighborhood for semi-structured interviews.The analysis involved three stages of coding:open,axial,and selective.The themes included religious participation,identity,sustainable social bonds,indigenous dependence,and low environmental quality.The central issue identified was the crucial role of religious and cultural values as a driving force for tactical urbanism,which emerged as the most critical semantic domain related to the research problem.

Searching for a New Identity in a Rapidly Transforming Urban Landscape

This paper gives a critical view on the incredible growth of Shanghai since the millennium.It focuses on the search for a new identity by this metropolis,both in its new town development as well as on the transforma­tion and regeneration of downtown areas.By explaining the most important planning policies and trends with the help of recent key projects,and analysing how these projects developed over time,the context and challenges of Shanghai’s rapid urban transformation become clearer.Especially the challenges for urban preservation and quest for an identity in this continuously changing urban landscape will become more insightful.Based on these insights recommendations are given on how Shanghai can be exemplary,within China and internationally in terms of urban development,urban regeneration,and becoming a more future-proof city.The paper concludes with some trends and future perspectives.

Urban livability in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods: The experience of the German program “socially integrative city”

This paper asks how the livability of socially disadvantaged urban neighborhoods can be improved with the help of publicly funded area-based urban regeneration.It builds on the history of area-based regeneration policies in Germany aiming at upgrading and resolving urban problems at the neighborhood level.Its main argument is as follows.First,the fate of conventional physical upgrading policies focusing on the livability of deprived urban areas depends on the development environment.While successful upgrading sometimes makes inner-city neighborhoods so attractive that they run into a trend towards gentrification and displacement of the urban poor,the stabilization of less privileged areas cannot always be guaranteed.Second,alternative approaches are needed,linking limited physical upgrading with socially oriented policies,building on strategies like neighborhood management and empowerment.Third,they can make a substantial contribution to stabilizing deprived neighborhoods,thereby improving the general living conditions and the opportunities of the urban poor.However,they require at least some permanent intervention.Thus,they transcend the logic of area-based regeneration normally limited to restoring faith into the private real estate market and thereby directing inward investment into them that improves the quality of the physical environment.Fourth,they are hardly able to overcome significant negative stigmatization in cities that are severely hit by economic downturn and population decline.This is especially true when they act as arrival areas for consecutive waves of migrants,making it necessary to redefine the role of those areas in cities and accepting their high concentration of urban problems as a starting point for different area-based policies dealing with them.The key empirical background of the paper is the German system of urban development grants and an evaluation of the so-called program of“socially integrative city”.

面向实施的老旧小区改造模式探索--基于低冲击开发理念的借鉴

In the era of stock planning,the renovation of old residential communities has become an important part of urban development in China.However,the renovation planning is difficult to implement.The paper points out three main factors that affect the implementation of old residential community renovation under the current system:complex property right structure,multiple stakeholders,and lack of funds.Based on the concept of Low Impact Development,and with minimizing the impact as the goal,the paper proposes a new mode for the renovation of old residential communities:through an analysis on property rights and interest game in old residential communities,and according to cost estimation,priority should be given to renovating the public elements that neither involve property rights or core interests nor require too many funds,including public space,roads,supporting facilities,etc.,with community management to be properly improved.In the end,with the renovation of Quanyechang Community of Wuhan City as an example,the paper concludes that this renovation mode can not only meet the urgent needs for renovation,but is also easy to implement.

A conceptual framework for ex ante valuation of ecosystem services of brownfield greening from a systematic perspective

Introduction:Although Brownfield greening(BG)can be a crucial solution to green space deficiency in dense urban areas,the potential benefits of different BG initiatives have rarely been quantitatively pre-evaluated.Here,the concept and main features of BG and its costs and benefits are firstly depicted.Next,a conceptual framework is presented which combines ecosystem service(ESS)valuation,economic cost-benefit analysis,and spatial pattern analysis.The framework is used to perform ex ante valuation of the ESS value of BG in Xuhui District,Shanghai.Outcomes:The scenario comparison results show that it can spatially reflect a closer-to-reality value of ESS at the urban scale instead of a theoretical value at the site scale.The ultimate values of ESS(After economic and landscape adjustments)in the composite scenario is more than 21%higher than those in the full-eco scenario,whereas the initial values of ESS(before the adjustments)in the former was 14%lower than those in the latter.These results suggest that a considerable part of brownfield greening projects need to be implemented in the more populated and economically vibrant areas instead of solely in the ecological construction zone,thereby correspondingly providing more cultural and regulation services and forming a better urban green space network.Conclusion:The framework provides a simple,science-based,and feasible tool for making BG decisions from a systematic perspective in dense urban areas.It can help meet the need for applying ESS knowledge to BG-based green space planning and policy making in the context of urban sustainable development.

Assessment of the Catalytic Effects of Transforming Industrial Heritage:Case Study of Sanbao Street Industrial Historic District in Changzhou

Transforming industrial heritage will have internal economic and cultural effects and will also catalyse changes in surrounding urban areas.Transforming industrial heritage is therefore an essential part of strategies to regenerate decayed industrial districts.The aim of this study was to attempt to answer three questions.Can all transformed industrial heritage give catalytic effects?How should the potential for catalytic effects be assessed?What factors prevent catalytic effects?The Sanbao Street Industrial Heritage Historic District in Changzhou,China,was used as an example,and three effects catalysed by transforming industrial heritage were assessed.These were(1)reuse of industrial and non-industrial buildings in and near the historic district,(2)new construction in and near the historic district,and(3)revitalisation of the whole historic district.Failure of the catalytic effect caused by a lack of a conversion mechanism,failure to communicate the value of industrial heritage,and limited cultural industrial capacity was assessed.Formal transformation strategies focused on the connotative value of industrial heritage are proposed,and are expected to support future research and planning practices.

存量工业用地更新与政策演进的时空响应研究--以天津市中心城区为例

The regeneration of stock land has gradually occupied the mainstream of China’s urban development.In order to cope with the inherent complexity of land property rights and transaction costs in stock land regeneration,relevant urban policies need to play a necessary guiding role.Taking the downtown area of Tianjin as an example,this paper discusses the interaction between spatial regeneration and policy change of stock industrial land.Firstly,a spatial database is constructed through multi-party research to quantitatively describe the spatial and temporal evolution of the stock industrial land since 1995.Secondly,the relevant urban policies since 1979 are sorted out,and the characteristics of policy changes are evaluated and analyzed.Finally,through comparative studies,it is confirmed that the regeneration rate of stock industrial land is affected by policy change,and the speed of policy impact is subject to the policies’inherent characteristics,namely,"guiding policy"or"regulating policy."

Conflicts in passive building performance:Retrofit and regulation of informal neighbourhoods

Urbanization growth in developing countries raises concerns regarding these countries’ability to consider slums,underdeveloped communities,and neighbourhoods in economic,health,and climatic goals.This research proposes a methodology that integrates algorithmic design and analysis strategies to define,study,and measure key parameters that affect the rehabilitation of these areas.Construction scenarios and design dimensions are analysed to establish design and comfort thresholds,and alternatives are simulated and tested to identify possible improvements.The methodology includes an optimisation step integrated in the workflow that maximizes thermal comfort,minimizes costs,and ensures fairness in the rehabilitation of large sets of buildings.This step identifies improvements in thermal comfort for different construction scenarios from which a two-staged rehabilitation plan is defined.The first stage comprises a sensitivity analysis to identify building materials regarding their improvement and cost of application,and the second defines the most suitable construction scenarios considering the results from the optimisation process for each building.Additionally,we research and document guidelines regarding the parameters tested for building design,revealing the existing conflicts between performance objectives,and the architect’s role in their prioritization.

文化规划导向下的城市再生策略——以上海西岸为例

As China enters the stage of stock-based planning,new challenges emerge for traditional urban renewal mode.By sorting out the connotation of urban regeneration,this paper analyzes the regeneration mode driven by cultural industry with the case of Shanghai’s West Bund along the Huangpu River,and its inspirations for current urban regeneration planning.The enlightenments are as follows:changing the mindset of urban operation and development and reducing dependence on real estate;establishing effective interaction among urban public space,culture and art,and urban industries;and involving culture,sports,technology,and other industries with extensibility and compatibility to promote the upgrading of urban industry and interest balance of regeneration.