Micro-reconstruction Strategies of Urban Villages in Small Towns from the Perspective of Policy Orientation:A Case Study of Zhuangqian Xiongjia Village,Fengcheng City

As China’s economy shifts from high-speed development to high-quality development,China’s urbanization also shifts from incremental expansion to stock optimization,providing a new direction for the transformation of urban villages.At present,the reconstruction work office of urban villages in small towns is mainly promoted based on government-led and villager main body in the initial exploration stage.From the perspective of policy orientation,to solve the main problems in urban villages in small towns,Zhuangqian Xiongjia Village,Fengcheng City was taken as an example,and the micro-transformation strategies of urban villages were put forward from the perspective of satisfying the appeals of the government,village committee and villagers,so as to provide some references for the transformation of urban villages in other small towns across the country.

Research on the Optimization of Public Spaces in Urban Villages Based on Space Syntax:A Case Study of Luochengtou Village in Handan City

This paper based on the theory of space syntax took Luochengtou Village in Handan City,Hebei Province for example,tried to figure out a proper way for the renewal of urban villages,and change the current dilemma of"one-size-fits-all"and"removing all"in most cases,and put forward that local conditions and regional characteristics must be considered to propose the renewal strategies more suitable for the targeted objects.Based on the space syntax Depthmap software and field investigation,the paper analyzed the accessibility,intelligibility and throughput of public spaces in Luochengtou Village,and put forward 3 optimization strategies in view of the problems such as insufficient public spaces,poor accessibility and intelligibility of roads,and poor activity of spaces,specifically,increasing public activity spaces,sorting out public space network,and creating active space nodes,so as to optimize public environment of the village,enhance villagers’sense of belonging,sense of safety and sense of identity.

Evaluation of Urban Village Renovation System in Xi’an City of China Based on Brittleness Analysis

Renovation system of urban villages in Xi'an City was evaluated. Influence factors of urban village renovation were analyzed on the basis of brittleness theory, and an evaluation index system established through multi-level inconsistency decomposing. By incorporating the catastrophe theory with fuzzy mathematical theory, the mathematic model was created, and catastrophe membership function was obtained as well as evaluation results. Policies for the renovation of urban villages and new direction of the renovation were interpreted. The application case proved that catastrophe progression method was objective and effective and it could provide new concepts for the evaluation and adjustment of urban village renovation. Moreover, application of brittleness theory in the research on urban village renovation is of great instruction and reference value for the present urban construction.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN-RURAL RELATION IN RAPID URBANIZATION AREAS——Case of Transformation of "Urban Village" in Guangzhou

Many studies have been made concerning the problems, characteristics, formation, transformation measures, etc. of urban village from sociology, urban planning and geography, etc., which have made insightful analysis. However, most of these studies started mainly from the standpoint of the city govemment, drumming for the land- scape-oriented urbanization, namely pulling-down the urban village and constructing the splendid residence or business buildings. The article maintains that the most important thing the city government should do is to pay much attention to the sustainable living of urban villagers, who would lose their main income source, namely, the collective dividend and the family housing rent. The single method of compensation has been proved to be harmful to the villagers＇ community, in which some young villagers relying on rent were no longer to do anything but stay at home. On the other hand, considering the floating population has become the main stream of renters in urban villages, the emergence of urban villages was inevitable and would continue to exist in a long time under the socio-economic transition in urban China and globalization. Based on the analysis above, the transformation of urban village should take more concerns on the housing demands of floating population besides compensation for local villagers. Meanwhile, it is necessary to avoid the “landscape-oriented urbanization” without the “peasant-to-citizen” transformation.

Urban Morphology of Urban Village: A Case Study of Dafen Oil Painting Village in Shenzhen

Dafen Oil Painting Village, the largest oil painting village in current China, takes cultural industries like creation and wholesale of oil paintings as the pillar. As one of the urban villages in Shenzhen, Dafen Village not only has the common characteristics of urban morphology as ordinary urban villages, but also has something unique. In this paper, study of the urban morphology of Dafen Oil Painting Village is mainly from 3 aspects: firstly, the formation of street space in Dafen Village; secondly, analysis of the status of urban morphology of Dafen Village; thirdly, the plane layout and public space of Dafen Village. In the end, this paper put forward some suggestions about the future development of urban morphology and space layout in Dafen Village.

Changes of Villagers' Welfare and Security in the Reconstruction of Urban Villages——A Case of Guangzhou Province,China

In the paper,the connotations of welfare are briefly outlined from the broad and narrow aspects and the changes of villagers' welfare ofurban villages in city are analyzed.In economic welfare terms,at the same time of losing their lands,villagers have obtain certain amount of landcompensation after the expropriation of lands.In non-economic welfare terms,the social status,lifestyle,environmental conditions and psychologi-cal state of the reallocated villagers have changed obviously.The status quo of the urban villages is outlined.Besides,the main problems in the ur-ban villages of Guangzhou are probed into,which covering the ubiquitous illegal utilization of lands and illegal construction,poor public order,lowpublic quality,imperfect public facilities and so on.The modes(Liede mode,Pazhou mode,Huadi mode and public self-financing mode) andcharacteristics of reconstructing the urban villages are concluded.The impact of the construction on villagers' welfare is concluded as well as the se-curity system for protecting villagers' welfare in the reconstruction of urban villages.It is suggested that the government and the villages should sharethe expenditures on the education and training of villages and share the input on infrastructure.In addition,the government and the villages shouldtake the responsibilities in terms of public security,culture and so on.

Expansion Strategy of Agricultural Industrial Chain of Suburban Villages and Towns in the Process of Urbanization——A Case Study of Yongle Town in Nanming District of Guiyang City

On the basis of introducing the connotation of agricultural industrial chain, taking Yongle Town in Nanming District of Guiyang City as an example, this paper analyzes the advantages and constraint factors of the suburban villages and towns in the process of expanding agricultural industrial chain in the context of urbanization. Corresponding strategies of expanding the agricultural industrial chain of Yongle Town in the process of urbanization as follows: vigorously develop the leading enterprises; strengthen the construction of farmers' specialized cooperatives and agricultural associations; build and perfect agricultural industrial chain organizations; set up the public information platform; rely on the food industrial park to propel the deep processing of agricultural products; vigorously develop the logistics of agricultural products; promote the development of operation model of "brand+ standard+ scale"; vigorously develop ecology-oriented rural tourism; give full play to the functional role of the government.

Urban Regeneration： Better Cities for Sustainable Development

With the increasing growing of the environmental issues and climatic change, sustainable urban development of cities became an urgent demand. Urban development relied on four pillars; the institutional, social, environmental and economic pillars. Urban regeneration is not a single concept; it is a group of strategies. This study concluded that those strategies include; the public action, certification programs and corporate responsibility theories.

The Economic Effect of the Housing Refurbishment in Urban Regeneration

With the increasing ratio of self-owned housing, the demand for new building as gradually reduced. In other words, the demand of refurbishment becomes more urgent. The major objective of this paper is to explore and investigate the consumer behavior of housing renovation. We plan to explore the direct effects of housing refurbishment or restoration on the housing prices, and then the indirect effects of an externality spilled over to the neighbor. We will understand the overall effects to provide a preliminary estimate of the changing in the economic value resulting from the change in the housing refurbishment or restoration of buildings. This research also dig into how the effects in the housing refurbishment or restoration in Taipei city ＆ Kaohsiung city. The purpose is to investigate the driving force on the housing restoration. This study will be the empirical study on the economic values by using hedonic price model. The result will be useful on the decision-making on the urban regeneration by the way of housing restoration and suggests that property owners of a housing estate will benefit from participating on refurbishment in Taiwan.

Problems of Spaces in Urban Villages and Optimization Strategies Based on the Concept of Healthy City:A Case Study of Luotuo Lane in Lanzhou City,Gansu Province

Urban villages are closely related to residents’health as the built-up areas for their living activities.Taking Luotuo Lane in Qilihe District,Lanzhou City,Gansu Province for example,this paper based on the concept of healthy city analyzed the study area mainly from the perspectives of fundamental research,influence factors,status quo investigation,and problem analysis,so as to put forward the optimization strategies.

Urban Regeneration Challenge： The Case of Avenidas Novas District in Lisbon

This paper aims at presenting the guidelines for an urban regeneration strategy in Lisbon, having in account the principles of urbanity, density, livability and social and territorial cohesion. The case study will be Avenidas Novas district, in Lisbon, Portugal, as it is a paradigmatic example of a central area which coexists with dynamism and decadence. The development model for Avenidas Novas was inspired on French boulevards and was planned to be the modem face of a medium to high social class population, as it was until 1940s. Today, as a consequence of further developments which corrupted the first principles and concept, its urban fabric is becoming less coherent and adequate to the needs of the population who works and lives there. From an analysis to the various components of the urban fabric, the paper will identify the major problems that are happening on the site, related to accessibility, mobility and functional diversity. Once understanding the impacts of an unsustainable territory management and urban design, the goal is to develop the principles for a creative urban regeneration strategy for Avenidas Novas district. The study will be based on the theoretical issues of the compact city and walkable distances in order to develop quantifying parameters of urban quality and to promote human scale public spaces and territorial cohesion on an urban environment.

A Summary of Research on Urban Village Transformation in China from the Perspective of Architectural Spaces

Based on the rational classification and screening of the literature related to the transformation of urban villages in China,this paper studied the research framework of the architectural space field in the study of urban village transformation,and analyzed the research status of architectural spaces and users in the process of urban village transformation,proposed four research contents of urban village transformation,namely,promoting space rights for all types of people to live on an equal footing,paying attention to the renewal and rejuvenation of urban areas,attaching importance to the technical methods of space construction,and ensuring flexible and diverse space construction methods,and summed up the necessity of carrying out research on urban village transformation in the field of architectural space construction.

Analysis on the Employment of Landless Farmers during the Reconstruction of Urban Village: A Case Study of S Village in Shaanxi Province

The re-employment of landless farmers in reconstruction of urban village is an important way to solve the problems concerning farmers. In S Village of Shaanxi Province,the landless farmers are facing the employment problems such as low re-employment rate and quality,lack of employment competitiveness,and weak employment willingness. This paper analyzes the main factors influencing the employment of landless farmers in this urban village such as local government's lack of overall design on the employment of landless farmers,landless farmers' lack of long-term employment concept,poor employment conditions,and lack of vocational education in rural areas. Finally some recommendations are set forth to enhance the employment of landless farmers in S Village: strengthening the institutional support for the employment of landless farmers; perfecting the fund guarantee for the employment of landless farmers; actively expanding the employment channels; enhancing the employability of landless farmers.

The Transformation and Governance of Urban Villages with Historic Culture:A Case Study of Xiaxifang,Yongfeng County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province

The transformation and governance of urban villages with historic culture is faced with difficulties such as lack of attention and large-scale demolition and construction,which is not conducive to the continuation of urban characteristic culture.Taking Xiaxifang,Yongfeng County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province for example,this study explored the transformation and governance of urban villages with historic culture from the perspectives of spatial structure,urban function,infrastructure,ecological environment,and community governance,so as to provide a reference for the research and practice of urban villages with historic culture.

Urban Village Renewal:Fabric of Life/Tailored Solutions

Home to the fast fashion industry with thousands of workshops and factories,urban villages in Guangzhou face a reckoning as authorities look to impose order on the chaos.Textile industry insiders are calling for a nuanced approach to ensure the stability of a pillar industry.

Super-resolution GANs for upscaling unplanned urban settlements from remote sensing satellite imagery - the case of Chinese urban village detection

The semantic segmentation of informal urban settlements represents an essential contribution towards renovation strategies and reconstruction plans.In this context,however,a big challenge remains unsolved when dealing with incomplete data acquisitions from multiple sensing devices,especially when study areas are depicted by images of different resolutions.In practice,traditional methodologies are directed to downgrade the higher-resolution data to the lowest-resolution measure,to define an overall homogeneous dataset,which is however ineffective in downstream segmentation activities of such crowded unplanned urban environments.To this purpose,we hereby tackle the problem in the opposite direction,namely upscaling the lower-resolution data to the highest-resolution measure,contributing to assess the use of cutting-edge super-resolution generative adversarial network(SR-GAN)architectures.The experimental novelty targets the particular case involving the automatic detection of‘urban villages’,sign of the quick transformation of Chinese urban environments.By aligning image resolutions from two different data sources(Gaofen-2 and Sentinel-2 data),we evaluated the degree of improvement with regard to pixel-based landcover segmentation,achieving,on a 1 m resolution target,classification accuracies up to 83%,67%and 56%for 4x,8x,and 10x resolution upgrades respectively,disclosing the advantages of artificially-upscaled images for segmenting detailed characteristics of informal settlements.

Microbiological quality of roof tank water in an urban village in southeastern China

Urban villages are unique residential neighborhoods in urban areas in China. Roof tanks are their main form of water supply, and water quality deterioration might occur in this system because of poor hygienic conditions and maintenance. In this study, water samples were seasonally collected from an urban village to investigate the influence of roof tanks as an additional water storage device on the variation in the microbial community structure and pathogenic gene markers. Water stagnation in the roof tank induced significant decreases in chlorine(p < 0.05), residual chlorine was as low as 0.02 mg/L in spring. Propidium monoazide(PMA)-qPCR revealed a one-magnitude higher level of total viable bacterial concentration in roof tank water samples(2.14 ± 1.81 × 105gene copies/mL) than that in input water samples(3.57 ± 2.90 × 104gene copies/mL, p < 0.05), especially in spring and summer. In addition,pathogenic fungi, Mycobacterium spp., and Legionella spp. were frequently detected in the roof tanks. Terminal users might be exposed to higher microbial risk induced by high abundance of Legionella gene marker. Spearman’s rank correlation and redundancy analysis showed that residual chlorine was the driving force that promoted bacterial colonization and shaped the microbial community. It is worth noted that the sediment in the pipe will be agitated when the water supply is restored after the water outages, which can trigger an increase in turbidity and bacterial biomass. Overall, the findings provide practical suggestions for controlling microbiological health risks in roof tanks in urban villages.

A new approach towards the sustainability of urban-rural integration:The development strategy for central villages in the Abbasiya District of Iraq using GIS techniques

The development of rural areas usually has a positive impact on the urban-rural integration. This study explores an innovative approach to stimulate rural development by proposing qualified villages as central villages that can provide basic urban services for their residents and residents of neighboring villages. This approach can contribute to overcoming the various problems that rural areas faced at the social, economic, and environmental levels. It seeks to achieve spatial sustainability of rural areas, representing a new approach by integrating urban development methods to revitalize rural villages. The study analyzed 15 villages belonging to Abbasiya District of AL Kufa City in the Najaf Governorate of Iraq. Based on the GIS techniques and the analysis of urban service indicators(village population, percentage of urban building materials used in villages, distance between village and health centers, distance between village and main roads, nature of economic activity, distance between village and educational institutions, distance between village and drinking water sources, number of communication towers, and distance between village and urban administrative center), this study proposed that Abu Gharb and Albu Ghraib can served as central villages in Abbasiya District in the future. This study establishes a new rural spatial structure to achieve rural sustainable development, improves the development status of rural areas, and provides a theoretical basis for the government and relevant institutions to use urban service indicators, achieving rural sustainable development and formulating relevant development policies in Abbasiya District.

Research on Budding "Villages in Cities" during Urbanization Process in Lanzhou City of China——A Case Study of Chaijiahe Village,China

By introducing the theory of suburb urbanization,it was considered that budding villages in cities emerged with the close relation between city and suburb during rapid urbanization process.The paper had briefly analyzed development of villages in cities in China.By taking villages in Lanzhou City for example,it had studied geological location,appearance,spatial structure,economy and demographic feature of budding villages in cities.Furthermore,with Chaijiahe Village of Xiguoyuan Town as case study,empirical study had been conducted and development thought of Chaijiahe Village as budding village in city had been discussed.It emphasized that it should control the development scale of villages,economically and intensively utilize lands;develop industrialized high-efficiency agriculture and leisure agriculture,develop lily economy and explore the potential of characteristic industries;realize integration of urban and rural development;strive to develop education,improve villages' quality and cultivate villagers of new generation who possessed pioneering spirit and modern agriculture technology.On this basis,it summarized approaches to realize sustainable development of budding villages in cities.

From Redevelopment to In Situ Upgrading: Transforming Urban Village Governance in Shenzhen Through the Lens of Informality

The study on informality has experienced a shift from describing the spatial characteristics toward exploring the connotation of urban governance in recent years. This paper takes urban villages in Shenzhen, a typical informal settlement in China, as cases to analyze the two urban village governance modes of redevelopment and in situ upgrading and reveals the dynamics of the governance mode transformation. Through the lens of informality, this study focuses on the interaction among the government, the market, and former property owners on tenure legalization. The study finds that first of all, informality is the core of the transformation of urban village governance in Shenzhen. By strategically making use of informality, the government adopted different modes of urban village governance to fulfill the demands of urban development at different phases. Second, in the process of formalizing informal settlements through redevelopment, although the institutional framework is relatively complete, the boundary between informality and formality still changes continuously in property titling. While in the new governance mode of in situ upgrading in recent years, the government creates "special areas" in informal settlements via approving their de facto tenure security, so as to attract market force to upgrade physical environment and social management. Through revealing the mechanism in the blurred area between informality and formality, this paper responds to the dualistic argument on the informality theory, deepens the idea of taking informality as a flexible urban governance strategy in developing countries, and provides new thoughts for governance of informal settlements in China and other developing countries.