The Development of Generalized Public Bicycles in China and Its Role in the Urban Transportation System

Public bicycle service has experienced 15 years of development in Chinese cities,and China's Mainland is the world's largest public bicycle market.Choosing to use public bicycles is becoming more and more a daily habit of residents.Broadly speaking,public bicycles in Chinese cities include both public bikes with service stations and shared bicycles without service stations.Based on historical review and years of accumulated data,this paper reviews the development of general public bicycles in Chinese cities in the past 15 years.And the role of general public bicycles in China’s urban transportation system is analyzed.Finally,from the perspective of urban construction and management,some suggestions for the future development of public bicycles are put forward.

A Combination Prediction Model for Short Term Travel Demand of Urban Taxi

This study proposes a prediction model considering external weather and holiday factors to address the issue of accurately predicting urban taxi travel demand caused by complex data and numerous influencing factors.The model integrates the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN)and Convolutional Long Short Term Memory Neural Network(ConvLSTM)to predict short-term taxi travel demand.The CEEMDAN decomposition method effectively decomposes time series data into a set of modal components,capturing sequence characteristics at different time scales and frequencies.Based on the sample entropy value of components,secondary processing of more complex sequence components after decomposition is employed to reduce the cumulative prediction error of component sequences and improve prediction efficiency.On this basis,considering the correlation between the spatiotemporal trends of short-term taxi traffic,a ConvLSTM neural network model with Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)time series processing ability and Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)spatial feature processing ability is constructed to predict the travel demand for urban taxis.The combined prediction model is tested on a taxi travel demand dataset in a certain area of Beijing.The results show that the CEEMDAN-ConvLSTM prediction model outperforms the LSTM,Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model(ARIMA),CNN,and ConvLSTM benchmark models in terms of Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error(SMAPE),Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Error(MAE),and R2 metrics.Notably,the SMAPE metric exhibits a remarkable decline of 21.03%with the utilization of our proposed model.These results confirm that our study provides a highly accurate and valid model for taxi travel demand forecasting.

Urban Freight Consolidation Model for Post-Hauler Planning

Freight transportation in urban areas has increased significantly in a shorter period due to the widespread use of e-commerce, fast delivery, and population growth. Recently, a noticeable government initiative aimed at creating an effective, acceptable, and sustainable city logistics policy. This paper examines freight consolidation as a transportation strategy for optimizing last-mile delivery costs. Freight consolidation involves combining smaller shipments from various origins into a single, larger shipment for more efficient transportation to a common destination. This approach is particularly beneficial for last-mile delivery, where frequent deliveries of smaller quantities are frequently visible. Finally, we provide an illustrative example targeting urban freight stakeholders for practicing possible consolidation methodology. The result in the illustrative example shows that freight with 3-day consolidation, despite the delay penalty, is cheaper than daily shipping, and both are cheaper than 2-day consolidated shipping. The study will benefit urban businesses and freight services.

Dynamic Load Restoration Considering the Interdependencies Between Power Distribution Systems and Urban Transportation Systems

After a major outage,mobile emergency resources(MERs)can be dispatched via the transportation system(TS)for service restoration to critical loads in the power distribution system(PDS).In this case study,the efficiency of service restoration in the PDS is associated with the traffic efficiency of the TS,and vice versa,because the PDS and TS are mutually coupled through traffic lights and MERs.This paper proposes a service restoration method considering interdependency between the PDS and TS,which is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program(MILP).The objective includes maximizing the efficiency of both PDS restoration and TS.By solving the MILP,the dynamic load restoration and MER dispatch strategies can be obtained.For the PDS,the availability of MERs,including mobile sources and repair crews,relates to their dispatch in the TS,and their relationship is formulated as mathematical models.For the TS,the dynamic traffic flow is modeled using the cell transmission model and the effect of traffic lights is considered.Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Dilemma and Solution of Green Transportation Construction under the Background of Urban Development

With the development of the city and the increase of the population, the demand for transportation is increasing. The increases in transportation ways and demand have also brought certain energy and environmental problems to transportation construction. A good transportation environment and green travel experience have an important role in promoting the happiness of urban life and the sustainable development of society. Based on this, the following solutions are proposed for the construction and development of urban green transportation. First, as a guiding role, the government should formulate active transportation and green transportation policies to promote the reform of multiple public transportation methods. Second, as a leading role, the market can support a variety of the construction of green travel modes, which could encourage the development of shared bicycles and new energy vehicles. Third, as the main role of city, the citizens would like to choose green travel tools with the guidance in the conscious level. If we built green behavior into a fashionable business card of the city, green behavior will lead the city’s transportation construction and development.

Sustainable urban transportation development in China:A behavioral perspective

The rapid development of economics requires highly efficient and environment-friendly urban transportation systems.Such requirement presents challenges in sustainable urban transportation.The analysis and understanding of transportation-related behaviors provide one approach to dealing with complicated transportation activities.In this study,the management of traffic systems is divided into four levels with a structural and systematic perspective.Then,several special cases from the perspective of behavior,including purchasing behaviors toward new energy vehicles,choice behaviors toward green travel,and behavioral reactions toward transportation demand management policies,are investigated.Several management suggestions are proposed for transportation authorities to improve sustainable traffic management.

Simulated impacts of 3D urban morphology on urban transportation in megacities: case study in Beijing

Urban morphology and morphology change and their impacts on urban transportation have been studied extensively in planar urban space.The essential feature of urban space,however,is its three-dimensionality(3D),and few studies have been conducted from a 3D perspective,overly limiting the accuracy of studies on the relationships between urban morphology and transportation.The aim of this paper is to simulate the impacts of 3D urban morphologies on urban transportation under the Digital Earth framework.On the basis of the principle that population distribution and movement are largely confined by 3D urban morphologies,which affect transportation,high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery and a thematic vector data-set were used to extract urban morphology and transportation-related variables.With a combination of three research methods-factor analysis,spatial regression analysis and Euclidean allocation-we provide an effective method to construct a simulation model.The paper indicates three general results.First,building capacity in the urban space has the most significant impact on traffic condition.Second,obvious urban space otherness,reflecting both use density characteristics and functional character-istics of urban space,mostly results in heavier traffic flow pressure.Third,no single morphology density indicator or single urban structure indicator can reflect its contribution to the pressure of traffic flow directly,but a combination of these different indicators has the ability to do so.

Exploring the Multi-Layer Structural Properties of the Bus-Subway Transportation Network of Shanghai

Buses and subways are essential to urban public transportation systems and an important engine for activating high-quality urban development. Traditional multi-modal transportation networks focus on the structural feature mining of single-layer networks or each layer, ignoring the structural association of multi-layer networks. In this paper, we examined the multi-layer structural property of the bus-subway network of Shanghai at both global and nodal scales. A dual-layer model of the city’s bus and subway system was built. Single-layer complex network indicators were also extended. The paper also explored the spatial coupling properties of the city’s bus and subway system and identified its primary traffic nodes. It was found that 1) the dual-layer network increased the network’s connectivity to a certain extent and broke through the spatial limitation in terms of physical structure, making the connection between any two locations more direct. 2) The dual-layer network changed the topological characteristics of the transit network, increasing the centrality value and bit order in degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality to different degrees, and making each centrality tend to converge to the city center in spatial distribution. Enhancing the management of critical network nodes would help the integrated public transportation system operate more effectively and provide higher-quality services.

Intelligent Parking Management System by Multi-Agent Approach:The Case of Urban Area of Tunis

By coordination and cooperation between multi-agents, this paper proposes the network of intelligent agents which can reduce the search time needed to finding a parking place. Based on multi-agent model, the fined solution is designed to help drivers in finding a parking space at anytime and anywhere. Three services are offered: the search for a vacant place, directions to a parking space and booking a place for parking. The results of this study generated by the platform MATSim transport simulation, show that our approach optimizes the operation of vehicles in a parking need with the aim of reducing congestion, and improve traffic flow in urban area. A comparison between the first method where the vehicles are random and the second method where vehicles are steered to vacant parking spaces shows that the minimization of time looking for a parking space could improve circulation by reducing the number of cars in the morning of 2% and 0.7% of the evening. In addition, the traffic per hour per day was reduced by approximately 4.17%.

Promoting Pedestrian Transportation for Reducing Air Pollution from Urban Transport

Increasing air pollution around the world causes many problems,especially in the field of health.Air pollution affects not only human health but also other living things health.The factors that cause air pollution the most are heating,industry,and transportation.Many countries in the world carry out various studies to reduce the effect of these factors on air pollution.Especially in the field of transportation,studies have been quite a lot in recent years.In this study,air pollution caused by transportation in Erzurum,Turkey has investigated.Emission amounts of NO_(X),PM_(10),and SO_(2) values have calculated according to the types of vehicles in the city.Then,the amount of emissions from transportation in the total sector has revealed.The transportation structure of the city has examined in general terms and the missing aspects in terms of pedestrian transportation have revealed.Finally,some solution proposals aiming to encourage the use of pedestrian transportation and micro mobility vehicles in order to reduce motor land vehicles are presented.

The Imperative of Inter-Modal Transport System in Nigeria: A Case Study of Asaba and Onitsha Transportation System

Transport system in Nigeria is predominantly uni-modal as it is estimated that over ninety per cent of goods and passengers are transported by road.The over-reliance on road transport for the transportation of bulk of goods and people has contributed greatly to the deterioration of Nigeria’s roads and the attendant increase in road maintenance costs.Researches by scholars have revealed that a single means of transport cannot adequately serve the intra and inter-transport needs of the majority of people living in urban cities.Asaba and Onitsha located at the banks of river Niger have outlets for water-based transport services,which are yet to be fully developed and integrated with the dominant road transport system.Bulky goods that arrived by sea are best transported from the port through the waterways to inland ports.The Onitsha port,which was established in the 1980s has not been functioning and this makes road transport the only option for transportation of goods and people between the two cities.It is against this background,that this paper surveys the transport modes in the two cities and advocates the need for inter-modal transport modes that would ensure seamless movement of people and goods between the two cities and with other parts of the country.The paper submits that for the two cities to derive full benefits of the different transport modes,there is need for efficient inter-modal transport systems linking the two cities and regions in order to minimize the frequent chaotic traffic congestion on the Niger bridge.The optimal utilization of inter-modal transport modes would enable each transport mode to perform its distinctive roles which would lead to faster transportation of passengers and goods as well as ensure reduction in transport costs.The paper also proffers ways of achieving an efficient inter-modal transport system between Asaba and Onitsha and Nigeria at large.

Sustainable Transport Futures Transition of Belgrade to Low-Carbon Urban Transport

This paper looks at the potential of Belgrade for a transition to sustainable,low-carbon urban transport.Methodologically the paper follows a backcasting study approach.This has two main phases.The first is to define clearly the desired future and set rough targets for a future year(in this case 2030).The second phase is the core of the backcasting process,where alternative policy packages are assembled to lead to the images of the future,together with their sequencing in terms of when implementation should take place.There is an additional phase which seeks to identify a transport system that will meet the transition target;the phase is given in the form of recommendation to the local authorities.Hence the central argument made is for an integrated approach to transport policy making over the longer term–incorporating scenario testing and backcasting–to help assess likely progress against a range of objectives.

Factors Influence Hanoians’ Choice of Non-Motorized Transport Mode to Access Bus Stations

Hanoi’s rapid urbanization has led to a surge in private vehicle ownership, particularly motorcycles, amidst inadequate public transportation infrastructure. Despite government efforts, many still prefer motorized transport, citing mobility and safety concerns, exacerbated by insufficient pedestrian infrastructure. This study examines the motivations behind this reliance on motorized vehicles, particularly motorcycles, in Hanoi. Findings reveal safety and convenience as primary factors driving motorized transport use, especially for accessing bus stations. Economic incentives could promote non-motorized travel and public transport adoption. Policy implications highlight the importance of addressing economic factors and improving access infrastructure to manage motorized vehicle reliance and foster sustainable urban mobility in Hanoi.

An evolutionary model of urban bus transport network based on B-space

In this paper, an evolutionary model of bus transport network in B-space is developed. It includes the effect of the overlapping ratio of new route on network performance and overcomes the disadvantage, i.e. lack of economic consideration, in the evolutionary bus transport network model in P-space proposed by Chen et al （2007）. The degree distribution functions are derived by using the mean-field method and the master equation method, separately. The relationship between the new stop ratio of a route, λ, and the error in exponential of degree distribution function from the mean-field method is developed as ASlope= λ/（1 -λ） ＋ ln（1-λ）. Finally, the bus transport networks of Hangzhou and Nanjing are simulated by using this model, and the results show that some characteristic index values of the simulated networks are closer to the empirical data than those from Chen＇s model.

Demand Elasticity of Capacity Offered for Urban Rail Transport

The high peak hour demand in Urban Rail Transport (URT) is usually met by supply side measures such as pushing more number of trains/cars in peak hour by the operator. This additional capacity generates more demand due to a positive elasticity of demand with respect to services. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), India has converted its fleet from 4 cars per train to 6 cars per train and finally to 8 cars per train on its Broad Gauge section. The ridership of the system has also witnessed double digit growth during this conversion period. The demand elasticity w.r.t services for the passengers of DMRC has been estimated as 0.512 on the basis of growth of demand and increase in capacity after adjusting for natural growth. So a 10% increase in supply results into 5% increase in capacity. A simple service elasticity model has been developed to estimate demand with increase in supply. The model has been applied to Line 2 (yellow line), the busiest line of DMRC, to estimate the demand for different level of services (trains/hour). The efficacy of supply side measures is limited by the design capacity of the system beyond which any increase in supply would require disproportionate investment. An optimum combination of supply and demand side measures would perhaps be the best way to address peak hour congestion in Urban Rail Transport.

Resilience assessment model for urban public transportation systems based on structure and function

Urbanization and the increasing frequency of extreme climates affect the sustainability of urban public transportation systems,and improving resilience is one of the primary directions for sustainable development.To scientifically assess the resilience of urban public transportation systems,a resilience assessment model based on structure and function is established in this study.This model mathematically quantifies and simulates the structural and functional changes in public transportation systems under disruption scenarios and provides a comprehensive assessment of six abilities:1)structural resistance,2)structural recoverability,3)functional resistance,4)functional recoverability,5)passenger adaptability,and 6)management adaptability.Depending on the initial failure stations,this model can simulate the resilience of a public transportation system under various scenarios.This model is applied to assess the resilience of public transportation systems in a provincial capital city under an equipment failure scenario.The results show that the impact of equipment failure on resilience varies according to the metro lines,and improvement strategies for functional recoverability and management adaptability are proposed.The weaknesses in the resilience of urban public transportation systems can be identified using the proposed model,which helps provide strategies for improving the capacity to face perturbations.

Modeling of Artificial Intelligence Based Traffic Flow Prediction with Weather Conditions

Short-term traffic flow prediction (TFP) is an important area inintelligent transportation system (ITS), which is used to reduce traffic congestion. But the avail of traffic flow data with temporal features and periodicfeatures are susceptible to weather conditions, making TFP a challengingissue. TFP process are significantly influenced by several factors like accidentand weather. Particularly, the inclement weather conditions may have anextreme impact on travel time and traffic flow. Since most of the existing TFPtechniques do not consider the impact of weather conditions on the TF, it isneeded to develop effective TFP with the consideration of extreme weatherconditions. In this view, this paper designs an artificial intelligence based TFPwith weather conditions (AITFP-WC) for smart cities. The goal of the AITFPWC model is to enhance the performance of the TFP model with the inclusionof weather related conditions. The proposed AITFP-WC technique includesElman neural network (ENN) model to predict the flow of traffic in smartcities. Besides, tunicate swarm algorithm with feed forward neural networks(TSA-FFNN) model is employed for the weather and periodicity analysis. Atlast, a fusion of TFP and WPA processes takes place using the FFNN modelto determine the final prediction output. In order to assess the enhancedpredictive outcome of the AITFP-WC model, an extensive simulation analysisis carried out. The experimental values highlighted the enhanced performanceof the AITFP-WC technique over the recent state of art methods.

Fuzzy Analysis and Evaluation of Public Transport Service Quality: A Case Study of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Urban public transport plays a critical role in stimulating economic development of any nation since most of the revenues come from cities. The majority of the city dwellers of any country use public transport. The evaluation of public transport service quality provides a valuable feedback to commuter operators to ensure continuous improvement of level of service and to the government to take appropriate measures for enhancing the quality of public transport service. This paper analyses and evaluates service quality of Road Public Transport (RPT) (i.e. minibuses and buses) and Urban Rail Transport (URT) in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. Since service quality and its attributes are intangible and vague, a fuzzy evaluation model is developed and applied. The formulated model is composed of Fuzzy Entropy Method (FEM) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The overall evaluation procedure is as follows: initially, an intensive literature search and experts’ opinions are employed to establish criteria for evaluating the service quality of public transport in Dar es Salaam City. The developed FEM is used to obtain criteria weight. Lastly, the formulated TOPSIS is used to provide an overall ranking of urban public transport service quality. The overall evaluation shows that urban rail transport outperforms road public transport in terms of service quality. Nevertheless, the urban rail transport service in Dar es Salaam City is currently not well developed as it is provided on very limited routes. Thus, the Tanzania government, the rail transport operator i.e. Tanzania Railway Limited (TRL) and the agency responsible for the provision of rail infrastructure i.e. Reli Assets Holding Company (RAHCO) are advised to design and employ Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) schemes i.e. concession contracts to invest more in rolling stocks, locomotives and rail wagons so that the rail transport service is available on many routes of the road public transport to bring fair competition between the two operators.

Future urban transport management

The incorporation of disruptive innovations into the transportation industry will inevitably cause major upheavals in the transportation sector.However,existing research lacks systematic theories and methodologies to represent the underlying characteristics of future urban transport systems.Furthermore,emerging modes in urban mobility have not been sufficiently studied.The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)officially approved the Basic Science Center project titled“Future Urban Transport Management”in 2022.The project members include leading scientists and engineers from Beijing Jiaotong University,Beihang University,and Beijing Transport Institute.Based on a wide range of previous projects by the consortium on urban mobility and sustainable cities,this project will encompass transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary research to explore critical issues affecting future urban traffic management.It aims to develop fundamental theories and methods based on social and technological developments in the near future and explores innovative solutions to implement alongside these emerging developments in urban mobility.

Influences of Different Transport Routes and Road Nodes on Industrial Land Conversion: A Case Study of Changchun City of Jilin Province, China

Nowadays, urban transit system has become one of the major forces underlying urban pace transformation via changing accessibility of related land parcels, which leads to the changes of land value and land use structure. This paper studied the interaction between land use changes and related transport routes, particular about how different transport routes and road nodes influence the conversion of industrial lands to residential and commercial uses respectively. Taking Changchun, an old industrial city in the rust belt of China as a case of study, we explored and compared the influences of different transport routes and road nodes on industrial land conversion. We found that surrounding the studied transport routes, more industrial lands were replaced by residential lands than by commercial lands. Also, apparent differences exist in the corridor effects of different transport routes(i.e., light rail, expressway and trunk road) and road nodes(i.e., expressway nodes and trunk road nodes) while the industrial lands convert to residential and commercial uses. Our research findings help us to illuminate the interactive relationships between transportation and industrial land conversion in old industrial cities which are undergoing social, economic and the related urban transition in Northeast China.