Investigation of English learning strategy employed by senior middle school students in Zhanjiang City： A comparison of students from urban and rural areas

After a review of learning strategy research in China and abroad, this paper made an investigation on the differences in use of learning strategies reported by urban and rural students from four middle schools in Zhanjiang city. The investigation revealed the following findings： urban students employ cognitive and social strategies more frequently than rural students; urban students reported a wider range of strategies compared with their rural peers; urban students of intermediate achievements employ more social strategies than their rural peers, while rural students use affective strategy significantly more often; urban and rural students reported different patterns of gender difference.

Quantifying the contribution of activity patterns to PM_(2.5)exposure inequity between urban and rural residents by a novel method

PM_(2.5)pollution variations in different microenvironments would result in PM_(2.5)exposure inequity between rural and urban residents.In this study,the real-time PM_(2.5)exposure of urban and rural residents in China was examined based on portable PM_(2.5)sensors together with activity patterns derived from questionnaire surveys,with a focus on students and senior citizens who are sensitive to air pollution.The results showed that PM_(2.5)exposure varied significantly among different resident groups,with higher PM_(2.5)exposure of rural residents than those of urban residents.PM_(2.5)exposure peaks mostly occurred during(Accompanied)cooking activities owing to strong emissions.Sleeping and resting were the main activities that affected PM_(2.5)exposures of different resident groups,accounting for 60.7%-94.5%of total daily exposures.Furthermore,the long duration of sleeping makes it the predominant activity contributing to PM 25 exposure inequity.It is necessary to obtain point-to-point respiratory volume(respiratory rate)data when measuring real-time PM_(2.5)exposure data and incorporate respiratory volume(respiratory rate)into the analysis of PM_(2.5)exposure.For the first time,this study quantified the PM_(2.5)exposure inequality based on a novel method and can provide useful information for further studies on the exposure inequity.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Dietary Diversity of Children and Adolescents:Evidence from a Rural/Urban Panel Study

This paper offers the first empirical evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on dietary diversity among children and adolescents in urban and rural families by using panel data collected in 2019(before COVID-19)and 2020(during COVID-19)in northern China.Our study uses panel data from 2,201 primary school students and 1,341 junior high-school students to apply the difference in differences(DID)method to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on dietary diversity among students in urban and rural families.We found that the dietary diversity score(DDS)of rural students decreased by 0.295 points(p<0.01)compared with that of urban students during COVID-19.Specifically,COVID-19 significantly reduced the frequency of rural students'consumption of vegetables by 1.8 percent,protein-rich foods such as soybean products and nuts by 6.0 percent,meats by 4.0 percent,aquatic products by 6.7 percent,and eggs by 5.3 percent,compared with urban students.Further,COVID-19 had a significant negative effect on the dietary diversity of students from low-and middle-income groups,with the DDS of the low-income group decreasing by 0.31 points(p<0.01)and that of the middle-income group by 0.12 points(p<0.1).