Design Strategies of Urban Cluster Based on the Concept of Green Transportation

Taking the planning practice of green transportation in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city as an example,the key factors and design strategies for its healthy development were summarized from the aspects of the coordination of land use and traffic development,the development of the public transport plus slow traffic model,and the development of reasonable and humanized traffic management measures,through analyzing the connotation and scale of green cluster.In addition,the design strategies of the green transportation concept suitable for the development of urban clusters represented by Guangming New District in Shenzhen were proposed,so as to provide a reference for promoting better the coordinated development of green traffic and cities,and maximizing the economic,social and environmental benefits of green transportation development.

A quantitative assessment of the distribution and extent of urban clusters in China

Urban clusters are the expected products of high levels of industry and urbanization in a country, as well as being the basic units of participation in global competition. With respect to China, urban clusters are regarded as the dominant formation for boosting the Chinese urbanization process. However, to date, there is no coincident, efficient, and credible methodological system and set of techniques to identify Chinese urban clusters. This research investigates the potential of a computerized identification method supported by geographic information techniques to provide a better understanding of the distribution of Chinese urban clusters. The identification method is executed based on a geographic information database, a digital elevation model, and socio-economic data with the aid of ArcInfo Macro Language programming. In the method, preliminary boundaries are identified accord-ing to transportation accessibility, and final identifications are achieved from limiting city numbers, population, and GDP in a region with the aid of the rasterized socio-economic dataset. The results show that the method identifies nine Chinese urban clusters, i.e., Pearl River Delta, Lower Yangtze River Valley, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Northeast China Plain, Middle Yangtze River Valley, Central China Plains, Western Taiwan Strait, Guanzhong and Chengdu-Chongqing urban clusters. This research represents the first study involving the computerized identification of Chinese urban clusters. Moreover, compared to other related studies, the study’s approach, which combines transportation accessibility and socio-economic characteristics, is shown to be a distinct, effective and reliable way of identifying urban clusters.

Comparisons and predictions of intercity population migration propensity in major urban clusters in China: based on use of the Baidu index

The development of the Internet and big data have made it possible to study pop-ulation migration and flow between cities.This study analyzes the probability of the population migration propensity of China’s three major urban clusters,identi-fies the direction of population movements,and uses Markov chains to predict the probability of population migration propensity moving forward in order to assess the intercity population migration trends of urban clusters in the future.Internet search engine data is used,and a population migration propensity intensity model is used for calculations.The results show that the Pearl River Delta urban cluster and the Yangtze River Delta urban clusters are areas of active population migration,and that intercity population migration is a part of this activity.Intercity population migra-tion in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban cluster is not as active as it is in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta urban cluster.Although the physical distance between Beijing and surrounding cities is relatively small,the correlation degree of migration propensity is not high.In the future,Shanghai,Nanjing,and Zhoushan in the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster;Zhuhai,Shenzhen,Guangzhou,Huizhou,and Zhongshan in the Pearl River Delta urban cluster;and Tianjin in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban cluster will be the main destinations of China’s population migration.

Cluster Development of Zhengzhou Urban Agriculture Based on Diamond Model

Based on basic theory of Diamond Model,this paper analyzes the competitive power of Zhengzhou urban agriculture from production factors,demand conditions,related and supporting industries,business strategies and structure,and horizontal competition.In line with these situations,it introduces that the cluster development is an effective approach to lifting competitive power of Zhengzhou urban agriculture.Finally,it presents following countermeasures and suggestions:optimize spatial distribution for cluster development of urban agriculture;cultivate leading enterprises and optimize organizational form of urban agriculture;energetically develop low-carbon agriculture to create favorable ecological environment for cluster development of urban agriculture.

Urban Economic Cluster Template and Its Dynamics of Beijing,China

Economic clusters have been a central focus of current urban and regional research, policies and practices. However, a methodology to identify and analyze policy-relevant economic cluster dynamics is still not well developed. Based on input-output(I-O) data of 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002 and 2007 of Beijing, this article presents an adapted principle component analysis for identifying the evolution of local economic cluster patterns. This research addresses the changes of economic interaction of industries with complementary and common activities over time. The identified clusters provide an insight into the reality of economic development in a diversifying urban economy: the increasing importance of services and the growing interaction between service and manufacturing industries. Our method therefore provides the analysts with a better understanding of the emergence, disappearance and development of economic clusters citywide. The results could be used to assist monitoring urban economic development and designing more practical urban economic strategies.

A SPATIAL CLUSTER METHOD SUPPORTED BY GIS FOR URBAN-SUBURBAN-RURAL CLASSIFICATION

This study was undertaken to construct a preliminary spatial analysis method for building an urban-suburban-rural category in the specific sample area of central California and providing distribution characteristics in each category, based on which, some further studies such as regional manners of residential wood burning emission (PM2.5, the term used for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air, refers to particulate matter that is 2.5μm or smaller in size) could be carried out for the project of residential wood combustion. Demographic and infrastructure data with spatial characteristics were processed by integrating both Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistics method (Cluster Analysis), and then output to a category map as the result. It approached the quantitative and multi-variables description on the major characteristics variations among the urban, suburban and rural; and perfected the TIGER’s urban-rural classification scheme by adding suburban category. Based on the free public GIS data, the spatial analysis method provides an easy and ideal tool for geographic researchers, environmental planners, urban/regional planners and administrators to delineate different categories of regional function on the specific locations and dig out spatial distribution information they wanted. Furthermore, it allows for future adjustment on some parameters as the spatial analysis method is implemented in the different regions or various eco-social models.

Method for Evaluating the Influence of Obstruction of Sea Breeze by Clusters of High-Rise Buildings on the Urban Heat Island Effect

This study aims to propose a method for quantitatively evaluating the influence which the obstruction of sea breezes by clusters of high-rise buildings has on the urban heat island effect using a weather simulation model and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Specifically, a method of evaluating the influence of the obstruction of sea breeze by high-rise buildings on the urban heat island effect was proposed. In the method, two scenarios that imagine urban forms which differ with regard to whether or not they contain high-rise buildings are created and weather simulation is conducted, and the results of the simulations are comparatively analyzed focusing on temperature and wind speed. Evaluation was conducted in two stages, and Shiodome of Minato City in the Tokyo Metropolis was selected as the region for evaluation. In two stages of evaluation, a rise in temperature of approximately 0.3 K and a reduction in wind speed of approximately 1 m/s were observed in a region approximately five to ten kilometers square downwind of high-rise buildings in the period 6 PM to 9 PM, and a higher temperature caused by the obstruction of sea breeze by high-rise buildings was identified. The fact that such a higher temperature was confirmed in the time period from 6 PM onwards, in which the temperature decreases, reveals that obstruction of sea breeze by high-rise buildings dulls the decrease in temperature which occurs from evening onwards, and influences nighttime urban heat island formation.

Relationship Between Urban Road Traffic Characteristics and Road Grade Based on a Time Series Clustering Model： A Case Study in Nanjing, China

With the increasing number of vehicles in large-and medium-sized cities challenges in urban traffic management, control, and road planning are being faced. Taxi GPS trajectory data is a novel data source that can be used to study the potential dynamic traffic characteristics of urban roads, and thus identify locations that show a notable lack of road planning. Considering that road traffic characteristics on their own are insufficient for a comprehensive understanding of urban traffic, we develop a road traffic characteristic time series clustering model to analyze the relationship between urban road traffic characteristics and road grade based on existing taxi trajectory data. We select the main urban area of Nanjing as our study area and use the taxi trajectory data of a single month for evaluating our method. The experiments show that the clustering model exhibit good performance and can be successfully used for road traffic characteristic classification. Moreover, we analyze the correlation between traffic characteristics and road grade to identify road segments with planning designs that do not match the actual traffic demands.

城市群规划实施效果评估研究——以长株潭城市群为例

长株潭城市群经济发展对于湖南省以及中国中西部地区的发展至关重要,且该城市群规划实施的效果对其他城市群有重要借鉴意义。基于此,文章根据2000-2017年地级市面板数据,采用合成控制法,评估长株潭城市群规划实施后对城镇化和环境质量的影响。评估分析表明,长株潭城市群规划的实施推动了城市群城乡融合,在一定程度上促进了城镇化的进程,但对环境造成了一定的负面影响,其原因在于长株潭城市群内城市之间的非均衡发展。因此,城市群应着眼于制定合理规划,促进城市均衡发展,重点落实城乡融合和生态文明;各级政府应加强公共治理,强化监督和治理责任,以更好地实现城市群规划的既定目标。

制造业集聚对城市经济韧性的影响研究

在城市迈向高质量发展的进程中,面对复杂多变的国内外环境,提升城市经济韧性变得越发重要。文章在探究制造业集聚对城市经济韧性影响机理的基础上,运用2008—2021年中国278个城市面板数据进行实证研究。研究发现:制造业集聚可以显著提升城市经济韧性,且这一影响作用具有明显的异质性;有效市场与有为政府的耦合协同效应在制造业集聚提升城市经济韧性的过程中起正向调节作用且具有异质性;空间效应分析表明,制造业集聚对城市经济韧性提升具有正向空间溢出效应。据此,文章针对如何提高城市经济韧性提出相应对策建议。

新时期阿克苏地区城乡供水安全保障体系探析

本文以阿克苏地区城乡供水安全保障体系为例,在对当地城乡供水现状及存在的问题进行分析的基础上,结合未来发展和新时期供水思路,因地制宜,积极推进城市群供水、城乡一体化供水和集中供水,实施多水源供水和应急备用水源工程,构建与当地经济社会发展相适应的城乡供水安全保障体系,大大提高了供水保障程度。研究成果可为其他地区城乡供水提供一定的参考和借鉴。

国家城市群发展战略背景下成渝公共图书馆异构业务系统互通实践

以成渝城市群公共图书馆业务系统互通实践为例,探索在我国现行的“一级政府建设并管理一个图书馆”的基本格局下,面对“行政分管、系统异构、规则不通”的现实难题,打通跨省域城市群公共图书馆系统、文献通借通还的系统框架设计及技术实现的路径。通过创新应用社保卡(电子社保卡)、RFID终端识别技术,结合中台思想,搭建“社保卡信息中转平台”“图书通借通还RFID中转平台”,跨省域实现城市群公共图书馆异构业务系统“读者互认”“图书互借”功能,避免了异地、异构业务系统“硬对接”带来的复杂性、高投入风险,可降低技术实施门槛、缩短应用开发周期、节约财政经费投入,是西部地区首创以社保卡(电子社保卡)为主要服务载体,跨省域实现多源异构业务系统互联的实例。相关的软件平台、技术解决方案能够为国内城市群公共图书馆系统互通提供借鉴,将有助于加快推动跨省域城市群公共图书馆一体化建设的进程。

中国典型城市交通出行特征及未来道路交通演变研究

为建立适合不同城市特点的交通体系,并明确定位汽车在其中承担的作用,文章首先从外部环境和交通工具两大维度出发,建立了表征城市整体交通出行情况的多层级评价体系;并基于一级指标的得分,对选取的9座中国典型城市的交通出行特征进行了聚类分析,确定了城市的不同类型;然后通过多元回归分析,识别了影响城市道路交通的主要因素;最后通过相关因素变化的情景假设,预测了各城市道路交通效率可能的演变情况,并提出了相关政策建议。

长三角城市群FDI、技术创新与先进制造业集群发展

FDI和技术创新是长三角城市群先进制造业集群发展的重要影响因素。文章基于2010—2021年长三角城市群26个城市面板数据,分析FDI对先进制造业集群发展的直接作用机制以及技术创新在FDI与先进制造业集群发展之间的中介作用机制,并运用面板回归模型和中介效应模型检验理论假设。研究结果表明:长三角城市群FDI对先进制造业集群发展具有显著的正向作用,其作用机制主要表现为促进集群网络化、产业链优化和劳动力流动;技术创新在FDI与先进制造业集群发展之间具有显著的中介作用。根据研究结论提出长三角城市群促进FDI高质量发展、提高先进制造业集群的科技创新能力、加强FDI与技术创新的协同效应等政策建议。

城市洪涝风险的多方法组合评估与应用

近年来,受全球气候变化与城镇化快速发展的双重影响,城市极端降水事件频发,由此引发的城市洪涝灾害常造成灾难性的生命和财产损失,给城市公共安全带来了严重威胁。由于不同评估方法中指标赋权不同,评价结果往往存在较大差异,给风险评估与区划工作带来了诸多困难。因此,通过融合不同方法的权重构建一套复合权重,进而解决不同评估方法中结论非一致性的问题,这对于提升风险评估的准确性是至关重要的。该文以湖北省为例,旨从危险性、暴露性、脆弱性和恢复性四个层面构建城市洪涝风险评估体系。首先,分别采用熵权法和层次分析法计算指标权重;之后,通过Kendall检验判断两套权重序列的一致性并给出相应的复合权重计算结果;最后以湖北省下辖8个城市的历史洪涝事件为例,对上述风险评价结果进行了验证。结果显示,与熵权法和层次分析法相比,基于复合权重的组合评价方法具有更高的准确率。

辽宁省城市科技创新能力分析与评价

本文从创新基础环境、知识创新能力、技术创新能力3个维度选取12个指标构建了城市科技创新能力评价指标体系,并运用SPSS软件对辽宁省14个地级市的科技创新能力进行因子分析和聚类分析。实证分析表明,沈阳和大连的科技创新能力较强,其他城市的科技创新能力较弱,并提出了提升辽宁省城市科技创新能力的对策和建议。

多源数据融合驱动的城市快速路交通状态划分

为提升交通状态划分效果,本文提出一种基于负激励项的改进模糊C均值聚类(BNITFCM)交通状态划分模型。该模型在原有FCM(Fuzzy C-Means)模型基础上考虑了交通流样本点权重以及交通流参数权重对聚类效果的影响,并引入隶属度负激励项、交通流权重负激励项、交通流样本点权重负激励项使聚类结果呈现类内高耦合、类间低耦合的特性。在此基础上,对样本点进行加权处理,用加权欧氏距离描述样本点之间的关系。通过拉格朗日乘子法得出模型的迭代公式并通过该迭代公式对模型进行求解。针对大多交通状态划分方法参数特征维度低的问题,本文以经过多源数据融合获得的速度、速度标准差、流量、密度和道路满载度构建高维特征输入。以数值仿真实验检验了BNIT-FCM模型在分类准确性方面的表现,结果表明,BNIT-FCM模型较FCM模型和改进模糊隶属度FCM模型(IFMD-FCM)的ARI(Adjusted Rand Index)分别提升了4.17%和3.56%。以深圳市北环大道卡口和浮动车数据的交通流为研究对象,实验结果表明,BNIT-FCM模型对比FCM模型以及IFMD-FCM模型的轮廓系数分别提升了4.12%和4.07%;同时,BNIT-FCM模型采用多源融合数据的速度及其标准差比单独采用卡口数据和单独采用浮动车数据的速度及其标准差的轮廓系数分别提升了29.67%和54.13%。

环鄱阳湖城市群“三生”用地转型的生态环境效应及其地形梯度分析

[目的]准确评估“三生”用地转型对生态环境质量的影响,可为国土空间优化和区域高质量发展提供科学依据。[方法]基于环鄱阳湖城市群2000年、2010年、2020年的土地利用数据,使用土地转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数、地形分布指数等方法,分析了“三生”用地转型过程、生态环境效应及其梯度分异特征。[结果](1) 2000—2020年环鄱阳湖城市群生活用地大幅增长(1 063.45 km^(2)),生态用地持续减少(997.41 km^(2)),生产用地总体上保持稳定,主要的用地转型模式为城镇生活用地和工矿生产用地对农业生产用地和林地生态用地的侵占。(2)时序变化上,2000—2010年,随着工矿生产用地和城乡生活用地的扩张,生态环境质量指数由1.428下降至1.424;2010—2020年,伴随着生态用地的恢复以及城镇生活用地和工矿生产用地内部格局的不断优化,生态环境质量指数由1.424升至1.447。(3)空间分布上,整体上呈现“东西高、中部低”的空间分布格局,形成了以南昌大都市圈为中心的中部生态环境质量低值区和以宜春市、景德镇市、上饶市为中心的东西部生态环境质量高值区。(4)随着地形梯度的上升,低质量区的分布指数下降,高等级质量区逐渐呈优势分布;2000—2020年,低质量区趋向于向高地形梯度转移,较高质量区和高质量区的下移趋势明显。[结论]20年间研究区的生态环境质量整体向好,空间分布差异较大。土地利用转型导致了用地属性及其空间格局的双重变化,建议在布局各类用地时,既要注重对生产、生活用地的“总量控制”,又要保证生态用地的完整性和连通性。

基于网约车数据的级联城市区域分析框架研究

针对城市区域的复杂性和多变性,提出了一个级联城市区域分析框架(cascaded urban area analysis framework,CUAAF),用来对城市区域进行时空聚类分析.首先,将城市区域划分为多个地理栅格.其次,采用新的区域时空行为指标(areabehaviorindex,ABI)评估任意2个栅格之间的相关性.接着,用Louvain算法对相应的栅格网络进行分析,得到聚类区域.在得到聚类区域后,可再次将该区域输入CUAAF框架,进行级联分析,得到更多分层信息.级联实验可以采用多种指标分析城市区域,从不同层次了解城市区域,获得更详细的城市区域信息.最后,分别用周中周末的数据做了对比实验,结果显示本文方法具有稳健性和数据敏感性.

城市医疗集团建设实践与思考

城市医疗集团是分级诊疗背景下持续深化卫生事业改革、促进优质医疗资源高效整合的重要载体之一。近年来,城市医疗集团由最初自主组合的单体探索发展到现下以政府为主导的规模化建设,不断深入且趋向多元化发展。本文对国内外典型案例进行讨论,从中提炼城市医疗集团建设和发展的经验启示,为促进城市医疗集团内部建设优化、运行机制完善和实现向高质量纵深发展提供参考。