Changing Concepts of City and Urban Planning Practices in Guangzhou(1949–2010): An Approach to Sustainable Urban Development

By focusing on Guangzhou, this paper examines how different concepts of city in terms of urban-rural relationships are shaped in transforming China since 1949, and explores how they influence the way in which urban planning are practiced. In the pre-reform era, the city was defined as a productive space under the system of urban-rural segregation established for securing rapid industrialization. Urban planning was thus only concerned with the development of urban areas. In the 1980 s and 1990 s after the reform, institutional change and economic transformation mobilized the urban-rural linkages. The development of suburban areas was then considered by urban planning, but this consideration was a passive response to urban problems such as population explosion and water resources protection. Since the new millennium, the agenda for sustainable development and problems of uneven urban-rural development have called for the development of urban-rural integration. In this context, the city is conceptualized as a complex of mountain, city, river, farmland and sea, reconstructing the ideology of urban-rural division in defining urban development. Urban planning has therefore sought in an active way to develop a sustainable city embracing rural and natural elements, and to balance economic growth and environmental protection. It is argued that developing the concept of city as a complex of urban and rural elements contributes to the urban planning for sustainable urban development, while this conceptualization relies on the recognition of the integrated urban-rural relationship.

Urban Planning and Greening Practices: A Case For Neighborhood Development in a Typical Urban Area

The work that follows aims at evaluating the urban area/neighborhood of“Agios Konstantinos”in the city of Larissa to the extent that it meets the criteria of green-sustainable design,as these criteria are included in the LEED-Neighborhood Development system methodology.The above methodology encodes the most important elements for green urban planning and provides a quantitative assessment system with key axes those of“smart location and connectivity”,“neighborhood model and plan”and“green infrastructure and buildings”.Nowadays,there is an ongoing debate on urban space and its problems.All urban elements,such as those of the built-structured environment,its open-public areas and its natural elements formulate the urban plot.At the same time,human activities greatly affect both the plot and the living conditions.Environmental issues are often disregarded in urban space and its planning process with damaging effects on cities and,more general,on urban settlements.The advantages and benefits of formally including environmental considerations in urban planning and integrating them into urban development strategies are many,as two of the most important“urban problems”are those of the gradual deterioration and degradation of the area’s microclima and the excessive consumption of energy resources.

The Study of Urban Planning Decision-Making in the Background of Rapid Economic Development —— A Case Study of Shanwei City

Urban planning decision-making is an activity for the decision-makers to collect information, judge function of cities, select project and make policy which is ainaed at the problem of urban planning that have taken place, is taking place and will take place. Using historical review and comparative analysis, the articles summarizes planning decision-makings of Shanwei city and it＇s problem, and makes some suggestions to urban planning decision-making system of Shanwei city in the new period.

Balance Between Jobs and Housing from Perspectives of Real Estate Development and Management and Urban Planning

Jobs-housing balance is the balance between employment and housing. Its philosophy has a long history and development process in urban planning. The concept of jobs-housing balance generally refers to that the number of employed people is roughly equal to the number of occupants within a certain range. This kind of balance is conducive to reducing the commuting time and the change of transportation mode on the way that the employed people spend at work. The realization of jobs-housing balance not only helps to optimize the structure between residence and employment in the region but also is conducive to improving the work enthusiasm and work efficiency of the employed in the region and reducing the commuting costs of workers in the region. In addition, the relegalization of jobs-housing balance also has a certain impact and effect on alleviating the traffic congestion and improving the environment of the region. In summary, the realization of jobs-housing balance has a multi-faceted impact on the development of a city, and promoting the balance between occupation and housing is conducive to promoting the development of the city. The realization of jobshousing balance involves many areas. In this article, In this article, the development history of jobshousing balance is sorted out from perspectives of real estate development and management and urban planning, and its development enlightenment is discussed.

Open Space Implications in Urban Development: Reflections in Recent Urban Planning Practices in Nepal

Open space has various implications in urban development planning and has been integrated in recent urban planning approaches and practices in Nepal.The open spaces are not only important for(re)shaping the urban form but are also important for enhancing urban social life and disaster risk management,particularly for dense cities.As most of the cities in Nepal have been growing haphazardly,the cities lack sufficient open space.However,the value of open space in dense cities like Kathmandu has been recognized more after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015 as the open spaces were extensively used for risk relief,treatment,recovery,and rehabilitation during and after the earthquake.With this background,this paper presents the major planning initiatives in Nepal and discusses how recent urban plans have provisioned and initiated open spaces development by reviewing concurrent urban planning practices,particularly reviewing Periodic Plans,Integrated Urban Development Plan,Smart City Plan,and Land Development Plan.The development of open areas has not been given much attention in the earlier urban planning practice but recent urban development planning has emphasized with a special focus which is very important for sustainable and safer city development and is expected to address the current bulging urban issues of spatiality and sociability.Therefore,it is very important for integrating open space implications in city planning and such open space should be conceptualized according to the city’s geography,landscape as well as socio-cultural contexts.

Analysis of Citizen Participation in Urban Planning of Comala,Colima,Mexico-A Secondary Publication

The objective of this study was to determine the degree of citizen participation in urban planning processes in the municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico to have a broader vision of the citizens and the environment in which they live.An instrument was designed specifically to perform this study and the instrument was validated by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha.The results showed that citizens were highly involved in issues concerning their urban environment,and the main problems of the public spaces were also identified.

Concept and Method of Asset-Based Community Development Planning: A Case Study on Minlecun Community in Chongqing's Yuzhong District

With the transformation of the Chinese economy from an extensive growth to intensive development, city development is also gradually turning from incremental construction to stock management. Community, as a basic unit of human settlements, is an important platform to build and improve the social governance capability. In 2013, Shiyoulu Jiedao Offi ce of Yuzhong District led the 1st urban community development planning, which was a milestone of Chongqing's city regeneration and governance innovation. This paper focuses on two key issues: how to understand the community values and make the community development planning based on the above, and how to integrate with the local forces so that the community development planning can be integrated into the action plan. Combined with the practice of Minlecun Community Development Planning, using the concept of asset-based community development, a comprehensive survey is conducted on community assets(including three aspects of physical, human, and social capital), and a community comprehensive planning strategy is formulated which covers two parts: the optimization of community spaces and the upgrading of community governance. The paper explores the local-based community planning theories and methods from such aspects as value attitude, public participation, role transformation of urban planners, and others.

The Multi-Scale Numerical Modeling System for Research on the Relationship between Urban Planning and Meteorological Environment

Considering the urban characteristics, a customized multi-scale numerical modeling system is established to simulate the urban meteorological environment. The system mainly involves three spatial scales: the urban scale, urban sub-domain scale, and single to few buildings scale. In it, different underlying surface types are employed, the building drag factor is used to replace its roughness in the influence on the urban wind field, the effects of building distribution, azimuth and screening of shortwave radiation are added, and the influence of anthropogenic heating is also taken into account. All the numerical tests indicate that the simulated results are reasonably in agreement with the observational data, so the system can be used to simulate the urban meteorological environment. Making use of it, the characteristics of the meteorological environment from the urban to urban sub-domain scales, even the among-buildings scale, can be recognized. As long as the urban planning scheme is given, the corresponding simulated results can be obtained so as to meet the need of optimizing urban planning.

Role of Urban Planning in the Environment of Saida City in Algeria

Urban planning and environment have long evolved on two parallel tracks. But today, people can design a layout without addressing its environmental impacts on the environment. Documents of the regulatory urban have the role to control the urban development of a town, they act indirectly on the urban landscape, but what about the environment？ Algeria like many countries in the world introduced an economy based on developing sustainable economy. It was officially pronounced with the promulgation of Law No. 01-20 of December 12, 2001 relating to the development and sustainable development of the territory, one of the objectives of this law is the protection, setting values and rational use of natural resources and preservations for future generations. Even with these initiatives but still certain deficiencies that may be identified by the difference between these urban planning instruments and negligence of the socio-economic component. In this context, the idea is to find a balance between present and future generations, between economic needs and ecological and cultural needs backup, between individual and collective interests. It is to develop new strategies and management laws and mastery of the environment.

Development Trends of China's Urban Planning Work

Since the eighties, the development of China’s urban planning work has ev-er been keeping pace with the progression of China’s reform and opening to the outsideworld. Every high tide of reform and opening to the outside world has become the boom-ing period of city planning work development. After the southern investigation tourspeech of Mr Deng Xiaoping this year, again a new high tide of reform and opening to theoutside world has emerged in our country, our city planning work have also entered a newgolden stage. From the achievements of China’s city planning work in recent years, sever-al trends mentioned below are significant.

Economic Restructuring and the Further Development of Urban Planning

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A Close Look at the Urban Planning and Development in Asia——A Review on Asian Cities: Planning and Development

Asian Cities:Planning and Development Editors:Wu Jiang,Zhang Fan,Sha Yongjie,Xia Liping Year:2018 Publisher:Tongji University Press ISBN:9787560875774 1.Publishing background The Asian Cities:Planning and Development edited by Prof.

Regional Planning and Development Under the Maximization of Urban Agglomerative Economies

Starting from the meaning and types of urban agglomerative economies, with the analysis of the characteristicsand causes of urban agglomerative economies, this paper puts forward that the regional planning and development shouldattach importance to urban agglomerative economies, follow the law of the maximization of regional urban agglomerativeeconomies. It also points out the countermeasures and advices to facilitate the regional planning and development based on theprinciple.

Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.

Analysis of Development Regulation in Chinese Regulatory Planning towards the Main Function Zoning Strategy

China is in a process of rapid urbanization. However, along with the dramatically economic growth, there constantly emerges environmental and social constraints which may be great challenges of China＇s future sustainable development. In order to optimize the developmental mode, the latest national plan, ＂The 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan （2011-2015）＂, is establishing the ＂Main Function Zoning Strategy＂, which could be considered as a new prototype of national spatial plan and may cover all Chinese territories. Based on the latest ＂Main Function Zoning Strategy＂ stipulated in ＂The 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan （2011-2015）＂, the article builds main interlinks between the spatial development strategy and urban regulatory planning. Secondly, regulation factors in Chinese regulatory planning, which may implement the task of main function zoning, have been clarified and categorized. For each regulation factor, its regulation capability is defined by applying a coding method developed by the author. Finally, according to the output of the study, the spatial regulation approaches to implementing the ＂Main Function Zoning Strategy＂ in Chinese regulatory planning are analyzed.

Opportunities and Challenges for the Development of China's Community Gardens

Since the 1970s,community gardens have played an important role in promoting the development of sustainable communities and improving urban environments in the United States. Despite the popularity of spontaneous urban farming activities in China,community gardens have not caught on as an ecologically and socially sustainable urban development strategy. Based on a comparison of community garden development in China and the U.S.,the authors of this article fi nd that the development of community gardens in China will require close collaboration between city planning officials,real estate agencies,urban citizens,and landscape architects.

Research on Planning & Evaluation for Track Traffic Under China's Sustainable Development Strategy

The author advances some basic problems of planning & evaluating for track traffic in the process of putting sustainable development strategy in practice and stresses the study of planning and evaluating method system for track traffic and environment strategy. Summaries and main creative points presented in the thesis are as follows: ①The changes of track traffic planning objects caused by the concept of sustainable development are analyzed; ②The theory & method of track traffic planning optimal decision is set up ; ③Environment impact assessment for track traffic planning is advanced; ⑤ Urban mass transit network planning is studied; ④Planning of intercity rail system——the alignment optimization of dedicated passenger line and high speed railway line is studied ; ⑥ An overall evaluation index system for sustainable development of track traffic planning is established; ⑦ The track traffic building capacity for sustainable development is studied. Further more, the effect of the method and models with empirical studies is verified. The corresponding application software is realized to provide information service and decision making support to track traffic planning for putting theory into practice.

Green infrastructure： a planning concept for the urban transformation of former coal-mining cities

Green infrastructure is a concept aimed at realizing a strategically planned network of valuable natural and seminatural areas, designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services and to protect biodiversity in rural and urban settings. In the general post-mining context of China and Germany, this paper suggests and outlines an approach that combines green infrastructure with specific concepts of post-mining landscapes. While Germany has a long tradition of post-mining restoration, concepts of green infrastructure are still poorly developed. China, on the other hand, has taken its first steps in the restoration of coal regions, and could profit from the new concepts while drawing on Germany＇s experience. The potentials of relevant strategies are investigated here through two case studies from Germany and China. Although there are significant differences in the post-mining development strategies of these two countries, it is clear that the green infrastructure concept can contribute significantly to a growth in ecosystem services. Four advantages of the green infrastructure concept are seen： First, it enables a systematic and highly objective assessment of mining impacts on the ecosystem. Second, the concept assists in the implementation of urban sustainability goals. Third, it is rooted in the local characteristics of landscapes. And finally, the green infrastructure concept seems to be highly compatible with tools of landscape and regional planning.

Urban and Industrial Metabolism： Towards Sustainable Planning

Nowadays, urban planning supposes a key issue to promote sustainable cities＇ development. In the last decades, the urban growth of developed countries has caused several environmental, social and economic problems, such as the inefficient use of resources and infrastructures. Notwithstanding, detailed analysis of population＇s necessities allows decreasing these drawbacks. These enhancements can foster a more feasible development through technical sustainability criteria. Therefore, the urban metabolism study becomes an essential tool to plan a suitable management for material and energy flows. Industrial Ecology （IE） theory looks for the sustainable integration of human activities on their natural environment. It seeks mimic natural systems performance and their processes. Industrial Metabolism （IM） studies those processes which turns material and energy into products and wastes. The IE final goals aim to promote improvements in process efficiency, decreasing consumption and waste generation through flows recirculation and exchange networks of material and energy. This contribution proposes a new conceptual framework which integrates urban and industrial metabolisms as an opportunity to achieve more efficient and sustainable development. The review of national and international experiences shows the improvements achieved through metabolisms＇ combination based on the exchanges of residual energy and water streams.

The Impact of Life Sciences Developments on the UK Urban Environment

Life sciences urban developments are a relatively recent phenomenon, and follow the emergence of knowledge based urban developments as a potential driver of urban regeneration and local economic growth. The role of these new centres in transforming the inner cities of some of the UK＇s larger conurbations is examined and the key planning issues are discussed. The article concludes that the key principles of urban planning and control must still apply in shaping the role these new developments have in the UK＇s evolving urban landscape.