Study on Emergency Management Mechanism of Public Health Emergencies

The outbreak of SARS in 2003 opened the way of public health emergency management in China.COVID-19 which suddenly outbroke in 2019 is still raging all over the world,and emergency management mechanism of China is being tested.Efforts to improve the emergency management mechanism can provide effective institutional guarantee for the overall victory of anti epidemic and the prevention and control of public health emergencies.

Research on Government Emergency Management Strategy Based on Public Health Incidents

It is the government's basic responsibility to ensure public health safety.However,due to the influence of the environment and human beings,some public health incidents are still inevitable,endangering public health and undermining social stability.However,any public health incident is traceable,and there will be a process from latent period to outbreak.Therefore,the government needs to grasp the key points of health incidents,strengthen emergency management,and ensure social stability and public safety.

Comparative Analysis of Social Forces Participating in Emergency Management of Public Health Events in China, Australia, Germany and the United States

Objective To provide a reference and suggestions for Chinese social forces to participate in the emergency management of public health events.Methods Through literature research method,comparative research method and SWOT matrix analysis,four aspects of prevention,early warning,response and recovery of the social forces in China,Germany,Australia and the United States participating in emergency management were studied comparatively.Results and Conclusion In the emergency management of public health events,China’s social forces play greater role in the response and recovery phase than that in the prevention and response phase.As to its shortcomings,the following suggestions are made,such as incorporating social forces into the national emergency management system,strengthening the construction and training of social forces,popularizing public health knowledge and awareness,clarifying property rights and using incentives and punishment together.

Discussion on the Information Collection Methods of Public Health Emergency Files

In public health emergencies, the collection of archival information in the area of public health emergencies is very important, which can provide a reference for the early warning and processing mechanism. At the present stage, the unlimited demand of archival users for resources and the convenience of obtaining resources have become the two driving forces to promote the “transformation” and “growth” of archives. Public health emergencies, the transformation of archives collection and service mode, social media has become an indispensable platform for user information exchange, sharing and transmission, which requires archives to change the mode of archives acquisition and storage. Archival users require more interactive, targeted and cutting-edge forms of access and archival services are also developing toward diversified functions and connotations. Archival information resource sharing is also an important link in this development trend. This paper attempts to analyze the collection methods of archives departments in public health emergencies, and then puts forward the corresponding measures for archives departments to play their functions, such as flexibly solving the needs of archives access, strengthening the development of information resources, doing a good job in the collection of relevant archives, and publicizing archives work in combination with hot spots. This paper discusses the completeness of archival data collection, the means of archival management, the scientific classification of archival data, the ways of archival data collection and so on.

Toward energy-efficient urban rail transit with capacity constraints under a public health emergency

Urban rail transit(URT)plays a pivotal role in mitigating urban congestion and emissions,positioning it as a sustainable transportation alternative.Nevertheless,URT’s function in transporting substantial numbers of passengers within confined public spaces renders it vulnerable to the proliferation of infectious diseases during public health crises.This study proposes a decision support model that integrates operational control strategies pertaining to passenger flow and train capacity utilization,with an emphasis on energy efficiency within URT networks during such crises.The model anticipates a URT system where passengers adhere to prescribed routes,adhering to enhanced path flow regulations.Simultaneously,train capacity utilization is intentionally limited to support social distancing measures.The model’s efficacy was assessed using data from the COVID-19 outbreak in Xi’an,China,at the end of 2021.Findings indicate that focused management of passenger flows and specific risk areas is superior in promoting energy efficiency and enhancing passenger convenience,compared to broader management approaches.

Establishment and management of neurosurgery emergency observation ward during the COVID‑19 epidemic period

During the COVID‑19 epidemic period,the front‑line antiepidemic departments have attracted much attention.However,to meet people’s daily needs for the diagnosis and treatment,emergency department and intensive care unit are also the focus of work to control the source of infection,cut off the transmission route,and reduce the risk of novel coronavirus transmission while treating patients.In order to further strengthen the management,our department of neurosurgery took active measures in the emergency treatment for patients and summarized the coping strategies and relevant experience from the aspects of establishment of emergency observation wards,medical staff management,patients and family management,daily environment and object surface disinfection management,material management,and nursing quality management,hoping to provide reference for the nursing management of emergency wards after the outbreak of public health emergencies.

医疗卫生领域应急语言人才的差异化培养初探

被世界卫生组织定义为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”的出现频率越来越高,引发全球关注。在应对这些事件的过程中,应急语言在医疗卫生服务、抗疫物资分配、抗疫信息、数据交流与共享、行政指令的贯彻落实,以及大众心理安抚等工作中具有专业技术和专业设备都无法替代的作用。应急语言已成为影响国际关注的突发公共卫生事件应急处置效果的核心影响因素之一。但应急语言人才培养在全球范围内都呈现滞后状态,特别是针对医学专业和外语专业学生的差异化培养方面缺乏系统的研究和实践。基于多年的医学英语教育实践,本研究中提出了针对医疗卫生领域应急语言人才的差异化培养框架,旨在为医学生和外语专业学生提供分别适应其专业需求的核心知识、机器辅助翻译能力和应急语言协调能力的培训体系,以期后续通过缜密的教学设计逐步将这些培训内容嵌入医学院校各相关专业的外语教学之中。在教学中逐步完善医疗卫生应急人才培养基本框架,形成应急医学外语人才培养的长效运行机制和实施方案,为医疗卫生应急管理培养实用型应急语言人才,推动中国应急语言服务的制度建设。

网格化管理在护理人员突发公共卫生事件中的应用效果

目的观察网格化管理在护理人员突发公共卫生事件(EPHE)中的应用效果。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月濮阳市安阳地区医院预防保健科和急诊科护理人员36名作为研究对象,对其开展网格化管理,评估网格化管理前后护理人员面对EPHE心理状况、应对能力、紧急事件处理效率及职业认同感变化。结果网格化管理后护理人员心理状况中情绪反应、认知反应、行为应对3个维度评分低于网格化管理前(P<0.05);网格化管理后护理人员应对能力中协调合作能力、急救技能、现场组织协调能力、文书书写能力、心理应对能力5个维度评分高于网格化管理前(P<0.05);网格化管理后护理人员院前接诊、检查、院内接诊、诊断评估、见效时间较网格化管理前均缩短(P<0.05);网格化管理后护理人员职业认同感中自我决定感、一致感、自我效力感、有意义感、把握感、患者影响感、组织影响感7个维度评分高于网格化管理前(P<0.05)。结论网格化管理能提升护理人员应对EPHE的能力和处理效率,有利于缓解护理人员心理状态,提升其职业认同感。

面向突发公共卫生事件的全流程应急决策体系构建

构建面向突发公共卫生事件的全流程应急决策体系,以辅助相关部门根据事件发展态势开展及时有效的动态分级决策。从应急决策的全流程出发,构建了包括情报获取渠道、情报感知路径和动态分级决策的全流程应急决策体系。首先,根据突发公共卫生事件的特点,建立了“五位一体”情报获取渠道;其次,基于情报感知理论,确立了从数据感知、情景感知到态势感知的应急情报感知路径;最后,结合动态决策知识库,构建了动态分级决策模型,以弥补决策实施的延时和反馈滞后的问题。该应急决策体系可面向突发公共卫生事件应急决策全流程,提供情景适配的应急决策方案,为相关部门开展应急管理工作提供参考。

基于CiteSpace的我国突发公共卫生事件管理研究可视化分析

目的:对新冠疫情发生以来突发公共卫生事件管理研究进行可视化分析,系统梳理研究热点,为提高治理水平提供参考。方法:以2020—2023年中国知网(CNKI)数据库中的1 585篇文献为数据来源,采用CiteSpace V6.2.R6软件对发文量、作者、机构、关键词共现、聚类、演进脉络和突现等进行可视化分析。结果:2020—2023年发文量呈递减趋势,作者群体与研究机构较分散,研究范围较集中,演进脉络清晰,主要前沿趋势为重大突发公共卫生事件、风险评估、生命周期理论、协同治理、社会组织、韧性、韧性社区、扎根理论、CiteSpace、知识图谱、图书馆。结论:未来需要加强学者和机构间的合作,在应用扎根理论的同时也应加强定量研究。突发公共卫生事件管理应协同多元主体,充分发挥社会组织的作用;应积极构建韧性社区,提高社区应急响应能力。

Contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in centralized rescue of patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Objectives:This article aims to summarize a series of contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in the centralized treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:The strategies of the Nursing Department included an early warning for prevention and control,taking functions of vertically commanding and horizontally coordinating,and reasonably allocating nursing workforce,to facilitate centralized treatment work in the in-hospital fever clinic,isolation wards and ICU,and referral and admission of critical patients.Five special groups were established in charge of training and examination,management and supervision,psychological support,logistical support,and reporting and publicity,respectively.Results:It was achieved that no deaths from critical patients and no medical staff,no other patients were infected.Conclusion:Through the implementation of these strategies,safe and efficient centralized treatment was ensured timely,orderly and sustainably.

突发公共卫生事件背景下公立医院医疗物资供应冲突管理

文章基于突发公共卫生事件状态下公立医院医疗物资供应冲突发生的环境、事发经过、情境结果及冲突条件等要素,运用冲突管理有关理论探索冲突的构成要素及其结果、冲突中人员管理的一般性方法及冲突解决途径。在研究中不难发现,强制型管理风格在应对医疗物资全方位供应复杂性工作面前适用性略显不足,知识型员工在保健与激励因素共同负强化下使得人员管理更加如履薄冰,合作型冲突管理能够较为有效地解决冲突窘境。组织中的各类冲突在所难免,冲突的发生与领导管理风格、组织目标一致性、团队成员的激励程度、人际关系的维系与促进等因素息息相关,应关注冲突的管理方法,通过替代性方案建设性地加以解决至关重要。

城市重大公共卫生风险全过程防控体系构建

在复杂多样的城市风险中,重大公共卫生风险是影响力与破坏力较为严重的一种,探索建立符合中国城市发展进程的城市重大公共卫生风险全过程防控体系迫在眉睫。遵循风险发生过程,以“全周期管理”理念为指引,结合4R危机管理理论、风险管理理论和整体性治理理论,构建重大公共卫生风险全过程动态防控理论框架,同时立足于“以体系为核心”和“以风险为主线”的研究视角,深入分析“全过程动态”的核心意识,将风险防控过程划分为“全面风险评估预警—精准动态响应控制”,进而探讨构建包含风险识别、风险评估、风险评价和决策支持的风险评估体系,以及包含应急响应和常态化控制的风险控制机制的实践路径,提升中国重大公共卫生风险治理水平。

面向突发公共卫生事件的城市韧性评价与仿真研究

突发公共卫生事件是现代城市面临的严重威胁和重要挑战,文章以武汉市为研究对象,首先基于韧性理论从自然、经济、社会、物理和组织五个维度构建面向突发公共卫生事件的城市韧性评价指标体系,然后运用系统动力学方法构建城市韧性仿真模型,评估武汉市2009—2020年的城市韧性水平,最后模拟仿真不同发展情景下2021—2030年城市韧性变化趋势,并提出针对性的韧性提升措施。研究结果表明:第一,对城市韧性影响最大的因素分别为信息传输和计算机服务从业人员数、公共管理和社会组织单位从业人员数以及卫生机构数;第二,2009—2020年武汉市城市韧性总体水平稳步提升,各子系统韧性呈现波浪式增长特征,但2020年受新冠肺炎疫情的影响,其组织、经济、社会和物理韧性出现了较为剧烈的波动;第三,不同发展情景下,2021—2030年武汉市城市韧性发展趋势差异显著,其中韧性发展型最优,现状延续型最差。

基于ISM和AHP的城乡结合部公众突发公共卫生事件风险感知关键影响因素分析

深入研究城乡结合部公众突发公共卫生事件风险感知关键影响因素,对政府调节公众风险感知、提升应急管理能力具有重要意义。首先构建城乡结合部公众突发公共卫生事件风险感知影响因素指标体系,然后利用解释结构模型(ISM)方法对影响因素进行层次分析,并采用层次分析(AHP)法对各层次影响因素的影响力大小进行分析,确定城乡结合部公众突发公共卫生事件风险感知的关键影响因素。结果表明:城乡结合部公众突发公共卫生事件风险感知的影响因素分为直接因素、间接因素和根本因素三个层次;应急决策指挥和感染死亡情况是关键直接影响因素,医疗救援能力和应急物资保障是关键间接影响因素,文化水平、技能水平和公共设施完善度是关键根本影响因素。针对关键影响因素,提出建立和完善预警系统、普及宣传应急知识和加大对城乡结合部地区医疗机构的投入等措施,为政府应急管理提供决策支持。

产业互联下面向城市突发公共卫生事件应急场景的数据智能推荐

为实现突发公共卫生事件场景下应急产业互联主体对场景数据的响应需求,通过场景要素分析,构建产业互联下城市突发公共卫生事件场景知识图谱,明晰应急产业互联主体与疫情场景数据之间的关联关系。然后,在上述基础上提出联合语义关联度和个性化网页排名的改进算法对场景数据进行应急企业偏好推荐,并以武汉新型冠状病毒感染疫情为例验证该改进算法的可行性。研究结果表明:联合语义关联优化后节点的个性化网页排名相比初始个性化网页排名推荐度更高,形成的数据推荐集更符合疫情场景下的数据推荐服务。研究结果可为突发公共卫生事件场景下基于数据智能推荐的应急响应和决策提供参考。

突发公共卫生事件整体性韧性应急治理的建构机理与实现路径

目的:突发公共卫生事件是对政府应急治理能力的一项重要考验,在突发公共卫生事件的复杂治理情景中,针对现有科层结构暴露出的弱适应性、超负荷性、协同阻滞、低敏捷性的科层脆弱性特征,需要寻求新的治理方略。方法:从治理结构、方法、机制、成效四重维度提出整体性韧性框架,结合案例进行分析。结果:构建出完整的突发公共卫生事件应急治理的整体性韧性框架,并总结实现整体性韧性所需要的四条路径,即组织赋权、政策赋值、智技赋能、治理反馈。结论:应急治理需要突破科层结构栓,克服科层脆弱性风险,建构整体性韧性治理框架,以更好应对突发公共卫生事件带来的多重风险,为有效治理突发事件提供新的理论启示和经验借鉴。

突发公共卫生事件背景下城市社区韧性水平的影响因素研究——基于ISM-MICMAC的方法

目的:本研究将关注点聚焦于城市社区内部,通过识别突发公共卫生事件中影响社区韧性的关键因素和因素间的相互关系,为如何保证城市社区韧性的持续内驱力、提升社区韧性水平提出建议。方法:运用ISM-MICMAC方法探究影响因素的内在层次性和各因素的驱动力和依赖性,对影响因素进行分类,进一步探究因素间的影响路径。结果与结论:研究发现社会资本、居民参与水平、社区自治能力、社区组织再造是影响突发公共卫生事件中社区韧性水平的根本因素,并且具有较高的驱动力。基于此,本文从组织、物理、技术三个方面提出了提升社区韧性水平的建议。

基于应急管理全过程均衡理论的县级公立医院应对突发公共卫生事件应急管理研究——以资阳市安岳县为例

在面对突发公共卫生事件时,县级公立医院主导的救治体系是应对突发公共卫生事件、保障人民生命安全和身体健康的重要基础,是应对突发公共卫生事件实施医疗救援的主阵地。本文基于应急管理全过程均衡理论的“6+1”框架模型,以四川省安岳县县级公立医院为研究对象,对该县县级公立医院应对突发公共卫生事件应急管理流程进行分析,梳理县级公立医院应对突发公共卫生事件的特点,针对不足和短板提出优化安岳县县级公立医院应对突发公共卫生事件应急管理的路径,以期提升县级公立医院应对突发公共卫生事件应急管理的能力与水平。

应急物资生产企业产能优化策略研究

公共卫生事件对社会和企业生产经营带来了巨大挑战。企业在突发公共卫生事件后应急物资的提供中占有举足轻重的地位,高效的政企协同有利于快速维护社会稳定,而危机后过剩产能的转型更值得被关注。企业层面应致力于创新的需求分析、人才培养与匹配、精准的供应链培养等方面,顺利熨平产能波动曲线。政府层面应致力于建立完备的“24小时经济圈”内产业链,并建立数字化供应链、信息链,协助企业获取准确产销信息。