Practical Strategies for Urban Rail Transit Loop Planning, Construction, and Operation

Urban rail transit loops are essential in urban rail transit systems and transportation networks.However,precise requirements and reference standards for rail transit loop design have yet to be established.There are certain areas for improvement in planning,construction,and operation.In the planning and design of urban rail transit loops,the scale of the city and the relationship between line operations should be considered to ensure that the line conforms to the city’s operating traffic conditions and can effectively cater to peak passenger flow requirements.This article presents strategies for planning,constructing,and operating urban rail transit loops,laying the foundation for the healthy operation of urban rail transit.

Study on the Layout of Urban Planning in Rapid Urbanization Areas under the Background of Air Pollution

China＇s urbanization has been over the medium-term process,which has made great achievements,but also triggered a huge problem of air pollution. Air pollution has become a big problem after the water pollution in China,and a serious threat to people＇s life and health. Under the background of ＂ the construction of beautiful China＂ and rapid urbanization,how to build a beautiful home has become the focus of attention. Taking Shenyang as an example,the author contrastively analyses the spatial distribution of the main air pollutants（ PM10,PM2. 5,and SO2） and the present situation of land use,and thus finds out the rules between pollutants distribution and land use. Then combining the urban planning scheme and the rules obtained above,reasonable suggestions are proposed for the scheme to improve the air quality,and reduce or avoid air pollution,and providing the basis for the construction of a piece of blue sky. The conclusions are as follows： 1 air pollutants concentration above Light Oil Gas Making Factory in south vice city of Shenyang reaches the peak value,and industrial point source is the main air pollutants emission source; 2 pollutants concentration above greenbelt is the lowest; 3 the overall spatial structure of urban planning can insulate the industrial agglomeration areas to some extent; greenbelt planning covers 40%- 50% of the area with high concentration of air pollutants,and it is suggested to achieve full coverage; traffic planning can achieve shunt most of the pollutants in many regions,but it can also expand the scope of pollutants in some certain regions,in such regions,it should reduce the road density.

Research on Planning & Evaluation for Track Traffic Under China's Sustainable Development Strategy

The author advances some basic problems of planning & evaluating for track traffic in the process of putting sustainable development strategy in practice and stresses the study of planning and evaluating method system for track traffic and environment strategy. Summaries and main creative points presented in the thesis are as follows: ①The changes of track traffic planning objects caused by the concept of sustainable development are analyzed; ②The theory & method of track traffic planning optimal decision is set up ; ③Environment impact assessment for track traffic planning is advanced; ⑤ Urban mass transit network planning is studied; ④Planning of intercity rail system——the alignment optimization of dedicated passenger line and high speed railway line is studied ; ⑥ An overall evaluation index system for sustainable development of track traffic planning is established; ⑦ The track traffic building capacity for sustainable development is studied. Further more, the effect of the method and models with empirical studies is verified. The corresponding application software is realized to provide information service and decision making support to track traffic planning for putting theory into practice.

Reflections and Explorations on the Decremented Regulation of Construction Land in the New Beijing City Master Planning

Construction land use has always been a key point for the planning department to practice national transformation strategy. In the new round of compilation of Beijing City Master Plan, the management of construction land use is under the rigid restriction of the bearing capacity of resources and the environment. Setting the upper-limit of the population size, a general strategy of decremented development of urban-rural construction land has been put forward, in order to realize a transition from quantitative expansion planning to qualitative upgrading planning. By "decremented development," "decremented" means a more rigid bottom-line restriction, and "development" means a more scientific allocation of resources. From the master planning level, the new Beijing City Master Plan establishes a comprehensive control framework and restrictive index system from perspectives including land use scale, construction scale, space boundary, urban and rural structure, land use structure, and cross-boundary collaboration; and in practice, it promotes strict management methods by setting up a dismantle-construction land ratio, dismantle-construction building area ratio, employment and residence land ratio, and "two lines and three districts," which is an exploration on the planning management method of construction land use that is stock-based and decremented master planning. Considering that decremented development is a major reform and a special challenge to planning implementation, the Beijing City Master Plan carries out explorations in terms of the planning management method, land policy, jurisdiction division, assessment and supervision, etc.

Framework,model and algorithm for the global control of urban automated driving traffic

Automated driving has recently attracted significant attention.While considerable research has been conducted on the technologies and societal acceptance of autonomous vehicles,investigations into the control and scheduling of urban automated driving traffic are still nascent.As automated driving gains traction,urban traffic control logic is poised for substantial transformation.Presently,both manual and automated driving predominantly operate under a local decision-making traffic mode,where driving decisions are based on the vehicle’s status and immediate environment.This mode,however,does not fully exploit the potential benefits of automated driving,particularly in optimizing road network resources and traffic efficiency.In response to the increasing adoption of automated driving,it is essential for traffic bureaus to initiate proactive dialogs regarding urban traffic control from a global perspective.This paper introduces a novel global control mode for urban automated driving traffic.Its core concept involves the central scheduling of all autonomous vehicles within the road network through vehicle-infrastructure cooperation,thereby optimizing traffic flow.This paper elucidates the mechanism and process of the global control mode.Given the operational complexity of expansive road networks,the paper suggests segmenting these networks into multiple manageable regions.This mode is conceptualized as an autonomous vehicle global scheduling problem,for which a mathematical model is formulated and a modified A-star algorithm is developed.The experimental findings reveal that(i)the algorithm consistently delivers high-quality solutions promptly and(ii)the global scheduling mode significantly reduces traffic congestion and equitably distributes resources.In conclusion,this paper presents a viable and efficacious new control mode that could substantially enhance urban automated traffic efficiency.

考虑心理潜变量的城市轨道站点接驳方式选择行为研究

本文以计划行为理论为基础框架,从出行者使用接驳工具的经验和对接驳工具属性评价两个维度分别引入出行习惯、感知态度两类潜变量,构建城市轨道站点接驳方式选择意向的多指标多因果模型,探究城市轨道站点接驳方式选择意向的影响因素及其作用路径,并在此基础上结合巢式Logit模型构建混合选择模型,探究出发端与到达端接驳方式选择行为的影响因素及其影响机理。结果表明:行为习惯潜变量直接影响接驳方式选择意向,感知态度对步行、共享单车接驳选择意向具有直接影响;显著影响接驳方式选择意向的可观测变量有学历、车辆保有情况、收入情况、接驳距离及出行人数;相较于慢行交通与道路公共交通,私人小汽车、电动车的有无对私人交通方式接驳选择行为影响较大;学历和职业等个人社会经济属性,出行目的和出行人数等出行属性,以及主观规范和行为意向等心理属性对出行者城市轨道出发端和到达端接驳方式选择行为均有显著影响;相较于到达端,出行费用、主观规范及行为态度对出发端接驳方式选择行为的影响更大,且出发端接驳方式选择对到达端的接驳决策行为具有影响。

低运量城市轨道交通规划设计要点研究

低运量城市轨道交通作为我国城市轨道交通体系的重要组成部分,在国家“双碳”战略的引导和资本市场的支持下,受到各级政府的广泛关注。为引导新时期低运量城市轨道交通高质量发展,文章系统梳理国内低运量城市轨道交通发展历程,在剖析现状运营线路发展困境的基础上,针对其承担的中小城市或大城市新区骨干线、大城市大运量城市轨道交通接驳补充延伸线、特殊功能线3种主要功能,以国内典型案例为切入点,提炼剖析线路运营成败因由,并据此提出不同功能定位的线路在网络协同、通道布局、换乘衔接以及景观塑造等方面的规划设计要点,以期为低运量城市轨道交通的规划设计提供参考和借鉴。

引入重要区域交通基础设施后的南通轨道交通线网规划调整方案

[目的]在长江三角洲区域一体化的大背景下,南通新机场(枢纽)站等重要区域交通基础设施的引入,不仅将极大提升南通市的对外交通能力,也对南通城市轨道交通线网提出了更高的要求。如何在确保城市交通顺畅运行的基础上,实现轨道交通线网与对外交通枢纽的高效衔接,成为南通市交通规划必须面对的重要课题。[方法]通过对比分析南通市及周边城市对外交通枢纽的城市轨道交通衔接情况,结合上位规划及相应枢纽规划,深入分析了城市轨道交通线网与对外交通枢纽之间的互动关系,探讨了南通市轨道交通线网与枢纽的衔接策略,提出具有针对性的衔接建议方案。[结果及结论]南通城市轨道交通线网的构建主要以L形城市轨道交通线路为主。调整后的新线网规划方案增加了南通站的城市轨道交通线路数量,着重考虑了南部地区与南通站的直接联系,提升了南通市各功能区到达南通站的便捷程度,还考虑了城市轨道交通线网与南通新机场(枢纽)的衔接。

香港经营性土地供给的效用探究——城市规划管控与土地市场调节的矛盾与对策

香港地区经营性土地供给具有稀缺性,成了城市规划管控与土地市场调节的锚点,一方面土地供给遵循以法定图则为核心的出让条件限制,另一方面土地供给和市场需求共同决定了土地价格。文章通过探究香港地区经营性土地供给的效用,分析了香港地区城市规划管控和土地市场调节之间的矛盾程度。研究发现香港地区经营性土地供给效用表现为向上受到法定图则的规划管控约束,对全港发展策略进行了有效空间落位,向下通过出让条件对土地市场价格起到较强控制作用;二者矛盾体现在城市规划管控过严易造成土地供给对市场变化调节不足,例如土地价格面对较小需求变化产生了较大波动,供给端调控幅度受限难以促进价格平稳。为缓解城市规划管控与土地市场调节之间的矛盾,建议香港地区经营性土地供给提供多种灵活的土地供给途径、优化长短期结合的租赁制度、根据用地类型制定不同供给方案、适当突破规划管控和完善规划审批申诉制度。

基于积水高度的下凹桥区交通信号实时控制仿真模拟

针对目前各大城市下凹桥区降雨积水情态与交通管控无法联动,且下凹桥区降雨积水时交通安全及应急处理处置缺失的问题,系统地解析下凹桥区降雨积水水位感知、安全警示标识和交通信号管控的具体形式,确定下凹桥区周边交通路口相位信号配时的调控模式,进而建立基于积水高度的下凹桥区交通实时控制系统,并采用交通仿真测试环境模拟评估下凹桥区周边交叉口相位信号配时优化方案在不同积水高度条件下的适应性和改善效果。结果表明:降雨天气将增加下凹桥区周边交叉口整体的延误和排队长度,而相位信号配时优化能有效提高下凹桥区周边交叉口的车辆通行能力,提升交叉口整体服务水平,降低降雨天气对交叉口交通带来的不利影响。

门禁管理系统在城市轨道交通的设计与应用

为实现轨道交通门禁系统的集中监控、授权管理,门禁系统可向综合监控系统(IntegratedSupervisoryCon‐trol System,简称ISCS)提供开发接口,进行二次编程开发。另外,ACS具有丰富完备的功能协议,如SDK开发包或OPC协议、MODBUS协议、开放的数据库和数据库交换工具,可以通过综合监控与ACS网络控制器的接口,进行ACS的深度集成,实现门禁设备的状态监视、报警、控制、巡更、考勤和授权。文章探讨了门禁系统在城市轨道交通中的架构组成设计及相关应用。

不同类型轨道交通站点周边土地利用效益评价

不同类型轨道交通站点周边用地开发所追求的效益目标侧重点不同,需要对不同类型轨道站点周边土地利用效益进行差异化的评价。首先,研究轨道站点的分类及相应的用地开发特征;其次,从土地利用、交通系统、服务水平3个维度选取7个评价指标,构建轨道交通站点周边用地效益评价指标体系,通过模糊层次分析法对不同类型的轨道交通站点评价指标权重进行量化,并结合模糊综合评价法获得不同类型站点具体指标和综合指标的评价结果;最后,以重庆鲤鱼池站点为例,对公服居住型站点周边用地开发综合效益进行应用评价与分析。旨在为不同类型轨道站点周边的土地开发效益综合评价提供参考。

城市轨道交通信号配时自动控制方法分析

阐述城市轨道交通信号配时自动控制设计方案,包括设计交通信号配时参数、交通信号配时自动控制算法。实验分析表明,车辆平均延误时间显著减少,能够在较短时间内完成信号配时控制。

城市更新视角下的慢行系统规划研究——以舟山市核心区为例

随着中国城市化建设进入存量时代,城市更新已成为推动城市治理和转型发展的一项重要抓手,慢行系统的更新建设日益受到关注。本研究通过分析传统慢行系统规划面临的问题,提出宏观系统协同、微观复合利用、搭建管控体系、制订行动计划的规划方法,以舟山市核心区慢行系统的规划实践为例,探索城市更新视角下城市建成区慢行系统规划的技术路径。

高铁无轨站在交通设施成熟地区的发展探索——以广州市为例

为解决公共交通不发达地区高铁最后一公里接驳问题,扩大高铁站点服务覆盖范围,国内部分城市提出了一种新兴出行模式,即基于公铁联运的高铁无轨站。首先提出高铁无轨站的基本概念,然后结合典型案例分析总结归纳出高铁无轨站选址运营策略,主要包括选址位于公共交通欠发达地区、充分利用既有汽车客运站改造、灵活开行直达客运专线,结合文化旅游发展等,并结合汽车客运站的转型发展需求,解决交通设施发展不平衡不充分的问题。最后,以广州市为例开展了高铁无轨站在交通设施成熟地区试点运营的探索和思考,为其他类似城市的高铁无轨站发展提供借鉴和参考。

城轨列车虚拟联挂协同速度规划技术

城市轨道交通列车虚拟联挂技术能有效解决客流时空分布不均衡的问题。从城轨列车编组运行准时性、舒适性和站台作业时间充足的关键需求出发,文章首先对列车的牵引和制动特性、车辆运动学和动力学模型进行了深入分析,提出一种信息集中决策型虚拟联挂协同速度规划算法,通过对算法的约束条件、目标函数和最优求解进行设计,计算出联挂编组随时间运行的位移、速度、加速度、牵引力/制动力、冲击率和工况的规划序列。现场试验结果显示,该虚拟联挂编组运行的到站时间差小于3 s、前后车停车时间差小于2 s、冲击率不超过0.1 m/s^(3)、牵引与制动工况切换平稳,表明采用该技术能有效实现列车编组安全、准时、舒适和高效的运行,为后续的工程化应用奠定了坚实的基础。

智慧管控系统在城市轨道交通检修中的应用

随着城市化的发展,城市轨道交通承担了越来越多的交通运力,如何在车辆安全性和运力保障之间取得平衡成为了行业内关注的问题。既有的车辆基地管理存在信息化进程落后、车辆精细化管理不足、检修安全可控性差、应急指挥反应速度慢、能源管理手段落后等诸多问题需要解决。智慧管控系统利用物联网、大数据、深度学习、环境感知等核心技术,实现轨道交通智慧运维检修的全流程管理[1]。经过微服务、向量机、人工神经网络等技术加持,形成有效的数据分析,进而解决行业的难点问题,打造安全、高效、便捷、绿色、经济的新型地铁检修基地。文章从国内外研究现状、建设思路及关键技术和实施要素三个方面分析智慧管控系统,为轨道交通信息化提供了经验和参考。

城市交通规划中的环境保护问题探讨

在探讨城市交通规划与土地利用规划关系的基础上 ,从我国城市交通规划的现状出发 ,分析了城市交通规划环境问题日益严重的原因 .然后从可持续发展的角度 ,提出了城市土地利用规划和交通规划应同时进行 ,互为反馈的规划思路 .在此基础上 ,探讨了通过调整土地利用性质、优化城市道路网系统和交通结构等规划手段来控制交通污染的对策 ,实现可持续发展的城市交通规划 ,以满足城市交通可持续发展的要求 .

基于乘积ARIMA模型的城市轨道交通进出站客流量预测

基于城市轨道交通自动售检票(Automatic Fare Collection,AFC)系统采集的进出站客流的历史数据,构建乘积差分自回归移动平均(Auto_Regressive Integrated Moving Average,ARIMA)模型,实现对进出站客流量的精确预测.通过自相关和偏自相关函数进行数据的平稳性和周期性分析,消除趋势性和周期性特征影响;考虑到处理后数据的周期性和短期相关性之间的乘积关系,构建乘积ARIMA进出站客流预测模型,并以广州地铁各车站进出站客流量数据为例进行了模型的参数标定.模型预测值与实际值的对比分析显示该模型的平均绝对百分误差保持在5%以内,表明该模型具有很高的预测精度和良好的适用性.

基于精细化用地的轨道客流直接估计模型

现有轨道客流直接估计模型中,对于用地的描述多基于人口、岗位分布、用地面积等概略数据,未能准确反映用地开发的多样性和复杂性,难以揭示用地混合开发对于居民出行的作用机理.本文采用北京市电子地图中的兴趣点(POI)数据表示用地信息,结合轨道站点多层次吸引范围划分,实现了轨道站点吸引范围内各类用地比例的精细化描述.通过将精细化用地信息与轨道站点乘降客流量进行回归分析,总结了用地、交通、区位因素对于轨道站点乘降客流的影响机理,建立了基于精细化用地的轨道站点客流估计模型.验证结果显示,模型对于本文所研究典型站点的预测精度达到预期,反映了用地与轨道客流之间的强相关性.