Urban Regeneration Challenge： The Case of Avenidas Novas District in Lisbon

This paper aims at presenting the guidelines for an urban regeneration strategy in Lisbon, having in account the principles of urbanity, density, livability and social and territorial cohesion. The case study will be Avenidas Novas district, in Lisbon, Portugal, as it is a paradigmatic example of a central area which coexists with dynamism and decadence. The development model for Avenidas Novas was inspired on French boulevards and was planned to be the modem face of a medium to high social class population, as it was until 1940s. Today, as a consequence of further developments which corrupted the first principles and concept, its urban fabric is becoming less coherent and adequate to the needs of the population who works and lives there. From an analysis to the various components of the urban fabric, the paper will identify the major problems that are happening on the site, related to accessibility, mobility and functional diversity. Once understanding the impacts of an unsustainable territory management and urban design, the goal is to develop the principles for a creative urban regeneration strategy for Avenidas Novas district. The study will be based on the theoretical issues of the compact city and walkable distances in order to develop quantifying parameters of urban quality and to promote human scale public spaces and territorial cohesion on an urban environment.

SPATIAL GRADIENT ANALYSIS OF URBAN GREEN SPACES COMBINED WITH LANDSCAPE METRICS IN JINAN CITY OF CHINA

Urban green spaces have been arisen growing concern responded to the social and environmental costs of urban sprawl. A wide range of planning and policies has been and/or will be designed to protect urban green spaces and optimize their spatial pattern. A better design or planning of urban green space can make a major contribution to quality of environment and urban life, and furthermore can decide whether we can have a sustainable development in the urban area. Information about the status quo of urban green spaces can help planners design more effectively. However, how to quantify and capture such information will be the essential question we face. In this paper, to quantify the urban green space, a new method comprising gradient analysis, landscape metrics and GIS was developed through a case of Jinan City. The results demonstrate: 1) the gradient analysis is a valid and reliable instrument to quantify the urban green space spatial pattern precisely; 2) using moving window, explicit landscape metrics were spatially realized. Compared with quantifying metrics in the entire landscape, it would be better to link pattern with process and establish an important basis for analyzing the ecological and socioeconomic functions of green spaces.

Simulation Analysis on Spatial Pattern of Urban Population in Shenyang City,China in Late 20th Century

The spatial distribution of urban population can reflect significantly urban functions and development status. Shenyang, as a typical old industrial city in China, has experienced considerable changes in spatial distribution of population in the process of urban transformation, resulting in the change of urban spatial structure. Based on the sub-district data of Chinese national population censuses in 1982, 1990 and 2000, this study simulates the evolution pattern of spatial distribution of urban population in Shenyang City. Using statistical method and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), we found that the population distribution, on the whole, has presented a balanced and decentralized trend since the 1980s, which characterizes with Chinese suburbanization. Furthermore, based on the investigation of the pattern of population distribution, it is concluded that the negative exponential model fitted the distribution best, and population concentration in the inner suburb kept increasing gradually, meanwhile, the spatial structure of population distribution has presented a polycentric feature since the 1980s. The parameters of the model show that population in the urban core concentrate significantly all the time. The increase of population in the inner suburb influences the population distribution pattern more and more importantly, but the concentration intensity of population cores in inner suburb is still low.

Spatial restructuring and the logic of industrial land redevelopment in urban China: Ⅳ. A case study of jointly redevelopment by multi-actors

Within the inventory era, urban shrinkage characterized by economic decline and space decay has been widely witnessed in China. The modes and trajectories of urban redevelopment have thus become areas of major concern for both policymakers and scholars. Taking the multi-actor participation nature of redevelopment, this paper stemming from the game-theoretical approach demonstrates in empirical terms on two major fronts. First, the redevelopment of industrial land without the transfer of land use right is shown to be deadlocked by the incapacitation of the original land-user and unlocked with the participation of the new developer. Second, the preference of the original land-user to maximize its interests by operating by itself rather than continue to cooperate with the new developer is observed in the post-redevelopment stage. Therein, the entrepreneurial local government acts only as a “mediator” between the two market entities and tends not to directly intervene in their cooperation. Thus that, it is the reasonable distribution of potential benefits or the pricing of different rights in the land property right bundle rather than their definition that matters more for land redevelopment. Because the delineation of land property rights has never been a problem in a mature land market, particularly for stock industrial land.

城市建筑小区内涝风险快速识别与驱动因素分析

城市内涝风险快速识别及致涝因素初步分析是开展城市内涝治理的首要工作,传统的城市排水模型模拟方法需要高精度的基础数据支持和较长的计算周期,难以满足城市内涝快速识别需求。基于泸州市中心城区建筑小区2015~2022年实际内涝灾害数据,通过核密度估计和空间相关性分析对中心城区建筑小区内涝风险空间分布进行了快速识别,并采用Spearman相关分析和地理探测器法对内涝驱动因素进行了分析。结果表明:泸州市中心城区建筑小区内涝风险呈现从中心向四周逐渐降低的趋势,高风险区域主要位于城北片区、中心半岛老城片区和龙马潭老城片区;土壤地质、土地利用、社会因素和降雨因素是内涝风险的主要驱动因素,并表现为多因素协同发生的复杂形式。研究成果可为泸州市内涝风险精细化模拟分析提供基础,也可为西南丘陵城市建筑小区内涝风险快速识别及致涝因素初步分析提供方法支撑。

城市活力测定与分析——以南昌市主城区为例

文章以南昌市主城区作为研究区域,基于百度热力图等多种数据对城市活力进行研究分析。首先对南昌市主城区进行了街区单元的划分,再构建活力强度测量模型进行城市活力表征;其次,对南昌市主城区城市活力强度空间分布与时间演变特征进行分析。

基于多源数据的兰州城市活力空间分布及影响因素研究

中国的城市正在从高速发展转向高质量发展,城市活力受到人们的广泛关注,但西北地区的城市活力研究成果十分有限。研究基于兰州市基础地理数据及网络开源数据,通过构建城市活力量化指标体系及城市建成环境多维度测量指标体系,分析了兰州市城市活力的空间分布特征,运用地理探测器模型分异及因子探测、交互探测两个模块分析建成环境影响因子对城市活力的影响程度。结果表明兰州市城市活力存在分布失衡、活力欠缺等情况并且受到城市建成环境的多因素影响,研究成果以期为兰州的城市规划和资源配置提供建议及参考。

基于ECOSTRESS的城市热环境昼夜空间特征分析

地表温度是表征城市热环境变化的重要指标,其分布信息对监测城市热环境具有重要意义。本文首先基于2018—2023年6—8月ECOSTRESS数据,通过地表温度修正得到沈阳市四环内的昼夜地表温度;然后利用均值-标准差法和空间自相关分析法对地表温度昼夜空间特征进行提取;最后结合土地利用数据,分析不同地类对地表温度空间分布的贡献度。结果表明,沈阳市四环内地表温度呈北高南低、西高东低的形式,日间和夜间地表温度差异较大。高温区主要集中在皇姑区、大东区、沈河区西部和铁西区东部,低温区和次中温区主要集中在四环边缘;人工地表类别的地表温度大多高于自然地表类别的地表温度,建筑用地类别高温区占比最多,这是地表升温的主要因素,自然地表类别是降温的主要因素;沈阳市四环内的地表温度呈空间正相关,夜间地表温度聚集程度高于日间,且具有显著性的冷热点,地表温度昼夜变化与地表温度聚集性分布特征一致。

城乡融合背景下村镇建设用地“扩张-消失”多情景模拟——以洛阳市为例

研究目的:从当前村镇建设用地“既拆又建”现象出发,聚焦城乡融合背景下村镇建设格局演变规律,以洛阳市为例,开展2020-2030年村镇建设用地“扩张—消失”多情景模拟研究,为大城市村镇建设用地差别化管理提供决策依据。研究方法:PLUS模型、形态学空间格局分析、多情景设定。研究结果:(1)区位条件因素在村镇建设用地“扩张—消失”中起基础性作用,距离耕地、高速公路的远近对扩张与消失变化的影响较大,贡献度均超过16%。(2)2020-2030年洛阳市村镇建设用地扩张与消失规模以及格局差异明显。在规模上“扩张”与“消失”面积比例约为2∶1;在格局上“扩张”斑块类型以边缘、支线及孤岛为主,“消失”斑块类型则以核心区和边缘占优。(3)4种情景下研究区村镇建设用地均表现为大规模零碎式扩张与小规模集中式收缩。其中,耕地保护情景中孤岛占比最少(9.93%),空间上连通性和整体性最优,未来应进一步充分考虑耕地保护情景。研究结论:亟需秉持村镇建设用地以优化存量换取增量的理念,均衡协调扩张和消失的规模、形态及其综合效益,针对主要驱动因素实施差别化管理,实施“一村一策”缓解村镇建设用地低效利用困境。

滨海丘陵城市内涝灾害风险评估方法优化研究

为提升滨海丘陵城市内涝风险评估方法科学性和准确性,以青岛市东部城区海泊河、李村河、张村河及沿海流域为例,基于传统层次分析法,耦合ArcGIS空间分析技术与InfoWorks ICM内涝数学模型,优化传统城市内涝风险评估方法。结果显示,在传统积水深度因子评价基础上,增加积水时间、积水流速、地形特征、城市要素等特征因子评价,利用内涝数学模型定量分析积水因子影响,通过ArcGIS技术叠加分析各类因子得到高、中、低内涝风险等级区,可准确反映不同程度内涝灾害风险空间分布特征,为制定针对性防灾减灾救灾措施提供有力支撑。

基于紧凑城市理论的城市绿地可达性研究——以南京市中心区为例

为实现“3060双碳”目标,我国提出城市发展需要效率与质量并重。在“紧凑城市”理论指导下,如何在有限的城市用地中优化绿地系统布局,提升城市绿地系统的生态效益和社会效益,是本研究的主要目的。以南京市中心区绿地可达性的分析为例,利用ArcGIS平台对数据的处理运算,实现对城市目前的绿地建设及使用效率进行评估。为今后新区建设或城市更新在优化绿地布局方面找到方向,为建设紧凑型城市在空间规划等方面提供参考,让这些城市绿地真正为居民所用,发挥城市空间的聚集效应,有效提升城市居民的生活品质。

Improving Urban Retirees’ Well-Being by Leisure Activities

This research is to investigate urban retirees’ needs and suggest the design direction of leisure facilities. Unlike the existing approach based on deterioration of physical ability, this will allow a new type of suggestion to enable the retirees to live their second lives in a more creative way. By analyzing their common memories and events, it was found that they developed their desire for leisure from their experience of wealth and economic growths. Some preceding research pointed out that their actual leisure activities tend to be static and passive in general. Through the interview, however, this research has found that there are 45 indoor activities and 75 outdoor leisure activities, while their potential demands for leisure further extends to 88. With outdoor activities outnumbering indoor activities, the result shows the opposite tendency to the preceding research. On the other hand, their potential demands for leisure further extended to include more intellectually stimulating learning activities.

步行优先的城市中心区空间结构及更新路径——英国百年更新实践研究

步行是城市中心区空间品质提升的关键环节。英国在步行优先的城市中心区更新方面积累了丰富的实践经验。对英国21个城市中心区百年以来的更新历程进行研究,剖析其空间结构及机制,梳理其更新路径及阶段。发现英国城市中心区通过“逐步生长式、一步到位式、远期规划式”3种更新路径,殊途同归,形成了“以地面步行为核心、公交优先的圈层人车分流空间结构”,取得了步行高品质、换乘高效率的良好效果。

面向数字孪生城市的三维GIS基础软件技术创新及应用

当前,数字孪生城市已成为各地智慧城市建设或城市数字化转型的重要探索方向。在深入推进数字孪生城市建设的过程中,对数据存储管理、数据处理融合、数据查询分析、数据可视化呈现等提出新的要求,GIS基础软件需要不断修炼“内功”,才能支撑构建更坚实的时空数字底盘。从数字孪生城市建设面临的新要求展开论述,重点介绍了Super Map三维GIS基础软件技术在多尺度三维模型构建、全方位数据深度融合、三维空间计算与分析、可视化呈现能力等方面的创新进展,以及在城市规划与管理、数字园区运维管理、自然资源管理等领域的应用,最后总结了该技术方法的应用价值和后续探索方向。

城市形状紧凑度是否影响经济发展

基于空间均衡的城市经济模型,本文考察了中国279个地级及以上城市的紧凑度对经济发展的影响。研究发现,城市的紧凑发展不仅能促进经济增长和提高工资水平,同时也可能导致房价上涨。这表明,更为紧凑的城市形状促进了经济发展并提高了要素的回报率。为了深入研究这一关系,本文还根据城市的初始条件、行政等级、人口变动趋势和地理位置等因素,进行了异质性和稳健性分析。本文进一步指出,提高城市的紧凑度是提高要素配置效率、优化城市化进程和促进经济发展的有效路径。

城市空间形态的多骨架体系叠合解析

历史文化名城是社会发展沿革与群体记忆的重要载体,与民生关系密切,空间复杂多样。针对复杂的城市空间形态,如何从谱系化的视角对其进行结构性解读和系统性优化,值得进一步探索。在回顾东西方城市的发展演进及研究脉络的基础上,分析其城市形态的基本构成要素及要素特征,提出城市空间形态的都市、山水、人文的三副骨架及对应的要素体系,总结多骨架体系的外在特性及内在关联,并提出多骨架体系的叠合解析方法,进而结合具体案例探讨多骨架体系在历史文化名城保护规划、城市设计等实践中的运用及应对策略。

基于POI数据的城市功能区识别研究

基于兴趣点数据与道路网络数据,选取济南市中心城区为研究区域,通过频数密度与类型比例计算,以街区为研究单元对济南中心城区功能区进行定量识别,并验证识别精度。将识别结果与《济南市城市总体规划(2011-2020年)》对比,提出功能区优化对策。研究结果表明:城市功能区自西向东呈现多中心分布特征,单一功能区呈现圈层分布特征。构建混淆矩阵,计算出功能区总体精度为83.34%,可为济南市功能区空间规划提供新的思路。

基于多源大数据的城市空间紧凑度研究——以青岛市为例

推动城市集约紧凑发展,是新型城镇化高质量发展的关键路径。综合考虑城市社会经济活动的集中程度、建筑环境的高密度和土地利用模式的混合情况,利用夜间灯光数据、城市建筑轮廓数据、兴趣点数据等多源大数据,优化城市空间紧凑T模型,构建城市空间紧凑度指数(USCI),从市级、区级、街道/镇级多个尺度对青岛市城市空间紧凑度进行测度。结果表明:基于优化的T模型构建的USCI可以有效反映城市空间紧凑水平;青岛市的市南区、市北区等老城区的城市空间紧凑度明显高于西海岸新区、即墨区等新城区,街道/乡镇层级的空间紧凑度分异明显,有超过一半的街道/镇处于城市空间不紧凑的状态。为促进城市空间紧凑发展,需要在三个方面下功夫:一是因地制宜,提高土地开发利用效率;二是提前谋划,引导城市功能合理布局;三是供需匹配,提高城市交通运行效率。

轨道交通数字化规划研究——城市空间分析与线网规划

为有效提升轨道交通前期研究工作的精准化、数智化程度,文章在阐述城市空间分析对轨道交通线网规划意义的基础上,提出采用地理分析、空间计量模型、时空大数据分析等数字化技术进行城市圈层及空间结构分析,以确定轨道交通线网规模、服务水平、线网架构、功能层次等的研究思路;然后以厦门市为例,对轨道交通线网规划与城市空间结构的相关性进行全方位、参数化研究,量化确定城市出行范围(即交通可达性)、建成区用地边界、出行空间结构,以便为轨道交通线网规划提供依据。研究结果表明,多元化、数字化的城市空间分析能够为轨道交通线网规划提供方向、框架、结构、功能等方面的指引及优化思路,推进数字化技术与轨道交通行业的高效融合。

基于站城融合发展的铁路枢纽综合体内涵解读

通过对“站城融合发展”进行不同空间尺度的解读,将铁路枢纽综合体作为中、微观尺度研究的切入点,明确此概念属于城市综合体范畴而非建筑综合体,阐述了铁路枢纽综合体的影响因素和价值诉求,进而从步行可达性和换乘连续性两方面界定和提取铁路枢纽综合体的空间范围,探究站城融合发展下铁路枢纽综合体在城市空间中的三维边界。