Background Getting medical treatment is still difficult and expensive in western China. Improving the equity of basic health services is one of the tasks of the new healthcare reform in China. This study aimed to anal...Background Getting medical treatment is still difficult and expensive in western China. Improving the equity of basic health services is one of the tasks of the new healthcare reform in China. This study aimed to analyze the parallel and vertical equity of health service utilization of urban residents and then find its influencing factors. Methods In August 2011, a household survey was conducted at 18 communities of Baoji City by multi-stage stratified random sampling. Based on the survey data, we calculated a concentration index of health service utilization for different income residents and a difference index of different ages. We then investigated the influencing factors of health service utilization by employing the Logistic regression model and log-linear regression model. Results The two-week morbidity rate of sampled residents was 19.43%, the morbidity rate of chronic diseases was 21.68%, and the required hospitalization rate after medical diagnosis was 11.36%. Among out-patient service utilization, the two-week out-patient rate, number of two-week out-patients, and out-patient expense had good parallel and vertical equity, while out-patient compensation expense had poor parallel and vertical equity. The inpatient service utilization, hospitalization rate, number of inpatients, days stayed in the hospital, and inpatient expense had good parallel equity, while inpatient compensation expense had poor parallel equity. While the hospitalization rate and number of inpatients had vertical equity, the days stayed in hospital, inpatient expense, and inpatient compensation expense had vertical inequity. Conclusions Urban residents' health was at a low level and there was not good health service utilization. There existed rather poor equity of out-patient compensation expense. The equity of inpatient service utilization was quite poor. Income difference and the type of medical insurance had great effects on the equity of health service utilization.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the types of community health services selected by urban and suburban residents in Nanjing and the influencing factors in an ef-fort to improve the community...Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the types of community health services selected by urban and suburban residents in Nanjing and the influencing factors in an ef-fort to improve the community health services to better meet the residents’demands.Methods:Between 15 May 2013 and 15 June 2013,eight community health service centers from four districts in Nanjing(Gulou District and Baixia District in urban areas and Jiangning District and Pukou District in suburban areas;two centers from each district)were selected using a stratified random sampling method of investigation sites.After an intercept interview with 487 community residents,univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by means of logistic regression.Results:Among the 487 users of community health services,there were 241 residents from urban areas(49.5%)and 246 residents from suburban areas(50.5%).Among the respondents,there were 191(39.2%)who usually received medical treatment from community health service institutions,including 74(38.7%)from urban areas and 117(61.3%)from suburban areas.The analysis showed that the factors which influenced urban residents in Nanjing to choose community health services for medical treatment included income,payment terms of medical fees,reasonable prices,medical fees,and expenses for medications,while factors influencing suburban residents to choose community health services for medical treatment included income,level of education,carrier,medical institutions selected when feeling severely ill,availability of preventive health services,availability of health counseling services,medical fees,and expenses for medications.Based on an analysis of the results by means of unconditioned binary logistic stepwise regression,the factors influencing whether or not the urban residents chose community health services for medical treatment included gender,age,level of education,payment terms of medical fees,treat-ment environment,and expenses for medications,while the factors influencing suburban residents included availability of preventive health services and expenses for medications.Conclusion:There was a difference between the types of community health services selected by residents in urban and suburban areas of Nanjing and factors influencing the selection of ser-vices were different.Community health service institutions in different areas should strengthen their own service capability according to the local residents’health demands.展开更多
Consumption of woolen products is the last link of wool industry chain,and it concerns whether the value of woolen products can be realized smoothly. Based on 513 questionnaires, it uses descriptive statistical analys...Consumption of woolen products is the last link of wool industry chain,and it concerns whether the value of woolen products can be realized smoothly. Based on 513 questionnaires, it uses descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic model to analyze the consumption and influencing factors of woolen products. The results indicated that residents in the middle region were more inclined to purchase woolen sweater compared to the residents in the east region. Urban residents were more inclined to purchase woolen sweater compared to the rural residents. Personal income,satisfaction degree of quality, and style have significant positive impact on whether residents purchase woolen sweater, and purchasing quantity of cotton sweater has significant negative impact on whether residents purchase woolen sweater.展开更多
Accelerating the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the management of health environment problems is one of the core elements of the implementation of the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strat...Accelerating the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the management of health environment problems is one of the core elements of the implementation of the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strategies with Chinese characteristics in the new era.Based on the scientific connotation of ecological civilization,this paper systematically assesses the level of interprovincial ecological civilization construction in China using the combined CRITIC empowerment method and explores the impact of ecological civilization construction on the health burden of urban and rural residents using interprovincial panel data from 2003 to 2018 with the help of panel feasible generalized least squares,simultaneous equation estimation,and the extended regression model.It is found that there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between provincial ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’economic health burden,as well as a significant U-shaped relationship between ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’disease burden.Fiscal decentralization,urbanization,and industrialization are the three important indirect mechanisms through which ecological civilization affects the health burden of urban and rural residents,and fiscal decentralization plays a typical role in crowding out the health effect of ecological civilization.In the eastern and central regions,ecological civilization construction has effectively reduced the health burden of urban and rural residents,but it is more significant for improving the economic health burden of rural residents.While the“catching-up trend”of the progress of ecological civilization construction in the western region is obvious,ecological civilization plays an important role in alleviating the economic health burden of urban residents.After the robustness test,the conclusion still holds.This study provides an important empirical basis for local governments to improve the accuracy of their policies in promoting the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strategies.展开更多
This paper reports an investigation on everyday life information seeking behavior of urban low-income group in the Haizhu District of Guangzhou City. Empirical data were collected via in-depth interviews with low-inco...This paper reports an investigation on everyday life information seeking behavior of urban low-income group in the Haizhu District of Guangzhou City. Empirical data were collected via in-depth interviews with low-income urban residents and were analyzed using qualitative methods. This paper discusses the research findings based on the more noticeable results of information seeking behavior among these people. Our approach touches on a focused study of such issues as what the role of information seeking in their everyday life is, what information they care about, which information channels they prefer to use, which factors influence their information seeking behavior, how difficult it is to seek the information they need, and how they use public libraries. Based on our research findings, we propose that public libraries should provide customized information services for urban low-income residents according to the unique characteristics of their information seeking behavior in everyday life.展开更多
From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social ec...From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social economy:firstly,it hampers economic development;secondly,it is detrimental to the social development.Then the thesis analyzes the role of a sound social security in narrowing urban-rural income gap:at first,it broadens the institutional environment of improving the agricultural efficiency;secondly,it eliminates the uncertainties influencing the farmers' income;thirdly,it improves the farmers' capacity to increase income;at last,it enhances the farmers' consciousness of wealth.Next the thesis inquires into the problems existing in the system of rural social security:the first problem is more obviously fragmented system;the second is inadequate security projects and narrower coverage;the third is an obvious lack of equality in urban and rural security;the fourth is even less sound management system;the last is the lagging of legislation.Afterwards the thesis proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of rural social security and narrow urban-rural income gap:firstly,to integrate the social security system in rural areas;secondly,to perfect security projects and enhance the security system;thirdly,to integrate the administrative management of social security;at last,to enforce the legal system.展开更多
Clean-energy substitution technology for existing residential buildings in cities is an inevitable choice for sustainable development and low-carbon ecological city construction.In this paper,the current status of ene...Clean-energy substitution technology for existing residential buildings in cities is an inevitable choice for sustainable development and low-carbon ecological city construction.In this paper,the current status of energy-saving renovation and renewable-energy applications for existing residential buildings in various cities in China was summarized by using statistical methods.The geographical distribution of clean-energy power generation in primary energy production in China was explored in depth.According to different climatic divisions for existing urban residences,clean-energy production and consumption were analyzed and predicted based on the STIRPAT model.The results show that the energy consumption of urban residential buildings in 2016 increased by 43.6%compared with 2009,and the percentage of clean energy also increased from 7.9%to 13.4%.Different climatic regions have different advantages regarding clean energy:nuclear power generation leads in the region that experiences hot summers and warm winters,whereas wind and solar power generation lead in the cold and severely cold regions.The present results provide basic data support for the planning and implementation of clean-energy upgrading and transformation systems in existing urban residences in China.展开更多
In recent years,while the traditional trade sectors have been shrinking,China’s cross-border e-commerce has undergone rapid development and has become a new driver of its international trade.Based on analysis of the ...In recent years,while the traditional trade sectors have been shrinking,China’s cross-border e-commerce has undergone rapid development and has become a new driver of its international trade.Based on analysis of the evolution pattern of China’s cross-border e-commerce,this paper uses a revised gravity model to test empirically the driving factors and the resistance factors in the development of the country’s cross-border e-commerce.The results show that the total GDP,per capita disposable income of urban residents,total imports and exports,and the scale of the online shopping market have a positive relationship with cross-border e-commerce transactions,which are conducive to the development of cross-border e-commerce,while logistics costs inhibit the development of cross-border e-commerce.Accordingly,the paper puts forward several policy recommendations.展开更多
Using data from the first wave of the“China Family Dynamic Survey”conducted in 2014,this study compares the impact on consumption of the presence of children or elderly people in migrant households and to that in ur...Using data from the first wave of the“China Family Dynamic Survey”conducted in 2014,this study compares the impact on consumption of the presence of children or elderly people in migrant households and to that in urban resident households,and then examines the extent to which lack of access to public services might explain the differences in consumption patterns that do exist.The results indicate that migrant households with infants and toddlers increase their consumption of healthcare services,while those with preschool children increase their consumption of educational services.Migrant households with elderly members significantly increase their consumption of healthcare services.The comparison of migrant households with urban resident households shows that there are considerable differences between migrant households and urban resident households in terms of how educational and healthcare expenditures are affected by the presence of children and elderly.The differences grow out of a huge gap in the accessibility of low-cost,subsidized public preschool education and government-funded health insurance programs.展开更多
The paper firstly explains the mechanism of decentralization on income inequality from two theoretical dimensions of internal and external budget.Based on the re-measurement of income Gini coefficient and Chinese dece...The paper firstly explains the mechanism of decentralization on income inequality from two theoretical dimensions of internal and external budget.Based on the re-measurement of income Gini coefficient and Chinese decentralization level,this paper establishes panel data model from national and regional perspective to empirically investigate the impact of Chinese decentralization on income inequality between urban and rural residents.Firstly,the promotion of budgetary income decentralization is conductive to reduce income inequality of urban and rural residents whether it is from the national or sub regional.Second,although the promotion of budgetary expenditure decentralization exacerbates the urban-rural income inequality in the national level,it could obviously reduce the urban-rural income inequality in the midwest with relatively low level of budgetary expenditure decentralization.Thirdly,the impact of extra-budgetary decentralization on income inequality is consistent,no matter in the whole country,in eastern or in western regions.This means that the extra-budgetary income decentralization makes the income inequality between urban and rural residents worse while the extra-budgetary expenditure decentralization reduces the income inequality between urban and rural residents with different degrees.Fourthly,the transfer payment,years of schooling and urban unemployment rate are conductive to narrow the income inequality between urban and rural residents while the impacts of economic development,urbanization and opening degree are obviously different in different regions.The above conclusions can not only be used for reference to further perfecting and reshaping the fair efficiency mechanism of Chinese decentralization,but also indicates the direction of the new fiscal and tax system reform.展开更多
To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city’s local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an ...To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city’s local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an intermediate between the localpolitical organization and family units issomething peculiar to China.Then。展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from the China Medical Board (No. 10-029), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70873093), the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 09YJAZH071).
文摘Background Getting medical treatment is still difficult and expensive in western China. Improving the equity of basic health services is one of the tasks of the new healthcare reform in China. This study aimed to analyze the parallel and vertical equity of health service utilization of urban residents and then find its influencing factors. Methods In August 2011, a household survey was conducted at 18 communities of Baoji City by multi-stage stratified random sampling. Based on the survey data, we calculated a concentration index of health service utilization for different income residents and a difference index of different ages. We then investigated the influencing factors of health service utilization by employing the Logistic regression model and log-linear regression model. Results The two-week morbidity rate of sampled residents was 19.43%, the morbidity rate of chronic diseases was 21.68%, and the required hospitalization rate after medical diagnosis was 11.36%. Among out-patient service utilization, the two-week out-patient rate, number of two-week out-patients, and out-patient expense had good parallel and vertical equity, while out-patient compensation expense had poor parallel and vertical equity. The inpatient service utilization, hospitalization rate, number of inpatients, days stayed in the hospital, and inpatient expense had good parallel equity, while inpatient compensation expense had poor parallel equity. While the hospitalization rate and number of inpatients had vertical equity, the days stayed in hospital, inpatient expense, and inpatient compensation expense had vertical inequity. Conclusions Urban residents' health was at a low level and there was not good health service utilization. There existed rather poor equity of out-patient compensation expense. The equity of inpatient service utilization was quite poor. Income difference and the type of medical insurance had great effects on the equity of health service utilization.
基金Philosophy and Social Science Fund Project in Jiangsu Province:“Research on Evaluation Index System of Excessive Medical Behavior in Jiangsu Provincial Public Hospitals”[2011SJB630042]Philosophy and Social Science Special Fund Project in Nanjing Medical University:“Establishment of Rating Scale for Doctor’s Professional Behavior in Chinese Public Hospital under the New Health Care Reform”[2013NJZS02]Project Supporting for Training Talents in“Jiangsu Provincial Advantageous Discipline”[JX10331801].
文摘Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the types of community health services selected by urban and suburban residents in Nanjing and the influencing factors in an ef-fort to improve the community health services to better meet the residents’demands.Methods:Between 15 May 2013 and 15 June 2013,eight community health service centers from four districts in Nanjing(Gulou District and Baixia District in urban areas and Jiangning District and Pukou District in suburban areas;two centers from each district)were selected using a stratified random sampling method of investigation sites.After an intercept interview with 487 community residents,univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by means of logistic regression.Results:Among the 487 users of community health services,there were 241 residents from urban areas(49.5%)and 246 residents from suburban areas(50.5%).Among the respondents,there were 191(39.2%)who usually received medical treatment from community health service institutions,including 74(38.7%)from urban areas and 117(61.3%)from suburban areas.The analysis showed that the factors which influenced urban residents in Nanjing to choose community health services for medical treatment included income,payment terms of medical fees,reasonable prices,medical fees,and expenses for medications,while factors influencing suburban residents to choose community health services for medical treatment included income,level of education,carrier,medical institutions selected when feeling severely ill,availability of preventive health services,availability of health counseling services,medical fees,and expenses for medications.Based on an analysis of the results by means of unconditioned binary logistic stepwise regression,the factors influencing whether or not the urban residents chose community health services for medical treatment included gender,age,level of education,payment terms of medical fees,treat-ment environment,and expenses for medications,while the factors influencing suburban residents included availability of preventive health services and expenses for medications.Conclusion:There was a difference between the types of community health services selected by residents in urban and suburban areas of Nanjing and factors influencing the selection of ser-vices were different.Community health service institutions in different areas should strengthen their own service capability according to the local residents’health demands.
基金Industrial Economy Research of National Wool and Cashmere Industry Technology System,China(No.CARS-40-20)
文摘Consumption of woolen products is the last link of wool industry chain,and it concerns whether the value of woolen products can be realized smoothly. Based on 513 questionnaires, it uses descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic model to analyze the consumption and influencing factors of woolen products. The results indicated that residents in the middle region were more inclined to purchase woolen sweater compared to the residents in the east region. Urban residents were more inclined to purchase woolen sweater compared to the rural residents. Personal income,satisfaction degree of quality, and style have significant positive impact on whether residents purchase woolen sweater, and purchasing quantity of cotton sweater has significant negative impact on whether residents purchase woolen sweater.
基金supported by the key program of the National Social Science Foundation of China“Research on the Theoretical Basis and Index System of Building a Modern Economic System in the New Era”[Grant number.18XKS009]the Foundation of Sichuan Provincial Soft Science Research“Research on the transformation path of high-quality development of new economy enterprises in Sichuan from the perspective of double cycle”[Grant number.2022JDR0261].
文摘Accelerating the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the management of health environment problems is one of the core elements of the implementation of the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strategies with Chinese characteristics in the new era.Based on the scientific connotation of ecological civilization,this paper systematically assesses the level of interprovincial ecological civilization construction in China using the combined CRITIC empowerment method and explores the impact of ecological civilization construction on the health burden of urban and rural residents using interprovincial panel data from 2003 to 2018 with the help of panel feasible generalized least squares,simultaneous equation estimation,and the extended regression model.It is found that there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between provincial ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’economic health burden,as well as a significant U-shaped relationship between ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’disease burden.Fiscal decentralization,urbanization,and industrialization are the three important indirect mechanisms through which ecological civilization affects the health burden of urban and rural residents,and fiscal decentralization plays a typical role in crowding out the health effect of ecological civilization.In the eastern and central regions,ecological civilization construction has effectively reduced the health burden of urban and rural residents,but it is more significant for improving the economic health burden of rural residents.While the“catching-up trend”of the progress of ecological civilization construction in the western region is obvious,ecological civilization plays an important role in alleviating the economic health burden of urban residents.After the robustness test,the conclusion still holds.This study provides an important empirical basis for local governments to improve the accuracy of their policies in promoting the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strategies.
基金supported by the postgraduate summer science and research training scheme of Sun Yat-sen University(SYSU) in 2010
文摘This paper reports an investigation on everyday life information seeking behavior of urban low-income group in the Haizhu District of Guangzhou City. Empirical data were collected via in-depth interviews with low-income urban residents and were analyzed using qualitative methods. This paper discusses the research findings based on the more noticeable results of information seeking behavior among these people. Our approach touches on a focused study of such issues as what the role of information seeking in their everyday life is, what information they care about, which information channels they prefer to use, which factors influence their information seeking behavior, how difficult it is to seek the information they need, and how they use public libraries. Based on our research findings, we propose that public libraries should provide customized information services for urban low-income residents according to the unique characteristics of their information seeking behavior in everyday life.
基金Supported by Jiangxi Social Sciences Project(08SH035)Key Project of National Social Sciences Fund(08AZD005)
文摘From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social economy:firstly,it hampers economic development;secondly,it is detrimental to the social development.Then the thesis analyzes the role of a sound social security in narrowing urban-rural income gap:at first,it broadens the institutional environment of improving the agricultural efficiency;secondly,it eliminates the uncertainties influencing the farmers' income;thirdly,it improves the farmers' capacity to increase income;at last,it enhances the farmers' consciousness of wealth.Next the thesis inquires into the problems existing in the system of rural social security:the first problem is more obviously fragmented system;the second is inadequate security projects and narrower coverage;the third is an obvious lack of equality in urban and rural security;the fourth is even less sound management system;the last is the lagging of legislation.Afterwards the thesis proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of rural social security and narrow urban-rural income gap:firstly,to integrate the social security system in rural areas;secondly,to perfect security projects and enhance the security system;thirdly,to integrate the administrative management of social security;at last,to enforce the legal system.
基金This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Plan(2018YFC0704800).
文摘Clean-energy substitution technology for existing residential buildings in cities is an inevitable choice for sustainable development and low-carbon ecological city construction.In this paper,the current status of energy-saving renovation and renewable-energy applications for existing residential buildings in various cities in China was summarized by using statistical methods.The geographical distribution of clean-energy power generation in primary energy production in China was explored in depth.According to different climatic divisions for existing urban residences,clean-energy production and consumption were analyzed and predicted based on the STIRPAT model.The results show that the energy consumption of urban residential buildings in 2016 increased by 43.6%compared with 2009,and the percentage of clean energy also increased from 7.9%to 13.4%.Different climatic regions have different advantages regarding clean energy:nuclear power generation leads in the region that experiences hot summers and warm winters,whereas wind and solar power generation lead in the cold and severely cold regions.The present results provide basic data support for the planning and implementation of clean-energy upgrading and transformation systems in existing urban residences in China.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation General Program (12BJY009)the National Natural Science Foundation (71673087)Shanghai Municipal Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning General Program (2018BJB025)
文摘In recent years,while the traditional trade sectors have been shrinking,China’s cross-border e-commerce has undergone rapid development and has become a new driver of its international trade.Based on analysis of the evolution pattern of China’s cross-border e-commerce,this paper uses a revised gravity model to test empirically the driving factors and the resistance factors in the development of the country’s cross-border e-commerce.The results show that the total GDP,per capita disposable income of urban residents,total imports and exports,and the scale of the online shopping market have a positive relationship with cross-border e-commerce transactions,which are conducive to the development of cross-border e-commerce,while logistics costs inhibit the development of cross-border e-commerce.Accordingly,the paper puts forward several policy recommendations.
基金supported by“Beijing Social Science Fund”(No.15JGB077)of China.
文摘Using data from the first wave of the“China Family Dynamic Survey”conducted in 2014,this study compares the impact on consumption of the presence of children or elderly people in migrant households and to that in urban resident households,and then examines the extent to which lack of access to public services might explain the differences in consumption patterns that do exist.The results indicate that migrant households with infants and toddlers increase their consumption of healthcare services,while those with preschool children increase their consumption of educational services.Migrant households with elderly members significantly increase their consumption of healthcare services.The comparison of migrant households with urban resident households shows that there are considerable differences between migrant households and urban resident households in terms of how educational and healthcare expenditures are affected by the presence of children and elderly.The differences grow out of a huge gap in the accessibility of low-cost,subsidized public preschool education and government-funded health insurance programs.
文摘The paper firstly explains the mechanism of decentralization on income inequality from two theoretical dimensions of internal and external budget.Based on the re-measurement of income Gini coefficient and Chinese decentralization level,this paper establishes panel data model from national and regional perspective to empirically investigate the impact of Chinese decentralization on income inequality between urban and rural residents.Firstly,the promotion of budgetary income decentralization is conductive to reduce income inequality of urban and rural residents whether it is from the national or sub regional.Second,although the promotion of budgetary expenditure decentralization exacerbates the urban-rural income inequality in the national level,it could obviously reduce the urban-rural income inequality in the midwest with relatively low level of budgetary expenditure decentralization.Thirdly,the impact of extra-budgetary decentralization on income inequality is consistent,no matter in the whole country,in eastern or in western regions.This means that the extra-budgetary income decentralization makes the income inequality between urban and rural residents worse while the extra-budgetary expenditure decentralization reduces the income inequality between urban and rural residents with different degrees.Fourthly,the transfer payment,years of schooling and urban unemployment rate are conductive to narrow the income inequality between urban and rural residents while the impacts of economic development,urbanization and opening degree are obviously different in different regions.The above conclusions can not only be used for reference to further perfecting and reshaping the fair efficiency mechanism of Chinese decentralization,but also indicates the direction of the new fiscal and tax system reform.
文摘To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city’s local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an intermediate between the localpolitical organization and family units issomething peculiar to China.Then。