Cultivation Model of New Farmers under the Urban Rural Development: A Case Study of Guangdong Province

Different from traditional farmers, new farmers refer to the high-quality farmers who are educated and skilled, and have the capability of operating. Cultivation of new farmers is a key factor of developing rural human resources, and also the lasting power for the new countryside construction. Guangdong Province has witnessed rapid urbanization and industrialization, and local farmers have been faced with the competition with foreign quality talents and the pressure of survival. Against the background of new countryside construction, this paper studied the supply-demand situation and problems of traditional farmers in Guangdong Province, explored education and cultivation model of new farmers and innovation mechanism, which is signifi cant for improving the innovation level of Guangdong, and promoting the urban-rural coordinated development.

Spatial pattern of urban-rural integration in China and the impact of geography

Urban-rural integration (URI) is a global challenge that is highly related to inequalities, poverty, economic growth, and other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Existing research has evaluated the extent of URI and explored its influencing factors, but urban-rural linkages are seldom incorporated in evaluation systems, and geographical factors are rarely recognized as the influencing factors. We construct a URI framework including regional economy, rural development, urban-rural linkage, and urban-rural gap. Based on a dataset consisting of 1,669 counties in China in 2020, we reveal the spatial pattern of URI and find a high correlation between the spatial pattern of URI and the relief degree of land surface (RDLS). Using structural equation modeling, we discover that topography has direct ( − 0.18, p < 0.001) and indirect ( − 0.17, p < 0.001) effects on URI. The indirect negative effects are mediated through the infrastructure, and the combination of localized advantages and modern technical conditions could mitigate the negative impact of topography. Finally, we identify 742 counties as lagging regions in URI, which can be clustered into eight types. Our findings could facilitate policy designing for those countries striving for integrated and sustainable development of urban and rural areas.

AN APPROACH ON SEVERAL PROBLEMS OF CHINA'S URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT

China, having urique national conditions, is facing a basic contradiction between large numbers of less educated surplus rural labor forces and limited capacities of urban employment and infrastructure on the urbanization process.Hence, the urbanization model should prevail in comprehensive and several ways: (1)On occupational and spatial shift rural surplus labors, two fashions of 'leaving land bot not countryside' and 'leaving both land and countryside' should be integrated with joint effort of cities and countryside. (2) On urbanization motive, urban construction will be invested by not only the govermment (from the upper), but the locality, personnel and foreigners (from the lower). (3) On urban scales, metropolis,large, medium-sized and small cities and towns should play fully their roles to absorb rural surplus lanors. Thereby, the present urban development policy needs to be rectified, which this paper has discussed particularly. (4) On account of great regional disparities in China, urban development should perform different models in different regions. In addition, this paper has also focused on the problem and its primary countermeasures of 'labor force mass', a hot issue closely related to urbanization and rural labor transfer.

Experience of Overseas Countryside Development and Construction of “Beautiful Countryside” in Zhejiang

Countryside development paths and phase characters of typical developed countries and regions were analyzed,such as the East Asian Model(Japan and South Korea),and Western European Model(Germany and the Netherlands).The former is based on the big gap between urban and rural development,and the latter is based on the balanced development of urban and rural areas,both of them achieved the world’s leading level of countryside construction.In Zhejiang Province,"China’s Beautiful Countryside"represented by Anji,and"Zhejiang Green Agricultural Product Base"represented by Xianju emerged in the county level.Motivation mechanisms for countryside development in China and abroad were analyzed,including industrial system,infrastructure,ecological environment,and local culture.

On integrated urban and rural development

Cities and the countryside have long been an inseparable organic whole.China's new model of high-quality urbanization requires integrated urban and rural development and rural vitalization.Problems inherent to urban areas are caused by problems inherent to rural areas,and vice versa.Such problems are closely linked,and the compound each other to create“urban-rural problems.”As such,rural vitalization is necessary to prevent problems associated with growing cities,and the new model of urbanization is required to prevent problems in rural areas.Based on a review of domestic and foreign research on integrated urban and rural development,this study analyzes the root causes of persistent urban and rural problems and their counterposing patterns on a theoretical level;analyzes the main factors and driving mechanisms as well as the underlying pattern and sustainability of integrated urban and rural development;constructs a measurement test for integrated urban and rural development;and proposes a triangular model of integrated urban and rural development.It confirms that China's integrated urban and rural development is in the late period of urbanization,which features a high degree of integration and more urban areas and fewer rural areas.Subsequently,it will enter the final period of urbanization and a stage of deep integration,with more urban and fewer rural areas.In the future,it will be necessary to implement a strategy of deeply integrated urban and rural development and use new urbanization and rural vitalization to solve urban-rural problems and improve the quality of urban and rural development.New theories and methods of integrated urban and rural development will need to be created and an evaluation system to judge quantitatively the depth of integrated urban and rural development will need to be established,in order to create desirable urban and rural areas.Future efforts should aim to develop greater synchronization,deeper integration,and mutual success between the new model of urbanization and rural vitalization,so as to improve the high-quality development of,and modernize,both urban and rural areas.

Process and cause of urban-rural development transformation in the Bohai Rim Region, China

China＇s reform and opening-up policy has brought the country a great development opportunity. The high-speed growth of the economy not only led China to a period of industrialization, urbanization, informatization and agricultural modernization, but also exacerbated the situation of the urban–rural dual structure. Based on the review of current studies, we first used the analytic hierarchy process（AHP） method to evaluate the urban–rural development and transformation level by population transformation index, land transformation index, industrial transformation index and social transformation index between 1996 and 2012 around the Bohai Rim Region. Then, based on the results of each index, we used the exploratory spatial data analysis（ESDA） method to investigate the spatial autocorrelation of the change in the urban–rural development transformation index during the 16-year period using Global Moran＇s I index and Local Moran＇s I index. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of change of the urban–rural development transformation index at county level, summarizing five main factors：（1） the radiation from the surrounding big cities,（2） the acceleration of the urbanization process,（3） the upgrading of the industrial structure,（4） the publishing and implementation of a macro development strategy and regional policy, and（5） natural factors such as topology.

Progress of research on urban-rural transformation and rural development in China in the past decade and future prospects

Urban-rural transformation and rural development are issues at the forefront of research on the topic of the urban-rural relationship in the field of geography, as well as important practical problems facing China＇s new urbanization and overall planning of urban and rural development. The Center for Regional Agricultural and Rural Development, part of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was established in 2005. The Center has laid solid foundations for integrating research in the areas of agricultural geography and rural development in China over the past decade. The paper aims to review the major achievements in rural geographical research in China during the past decade, analyze innovative developments in relevant theories and methods, and suggest prospects and countermeasures for promoting comprehensive studies of urban-rural transformation and rural geography. The research shows that innovative achievements have been made in rural geography studies of China in the past decade as major national policy development, outputs of result and decision making support; new breakthroughs have been achieved in such major research projects as geographical integrated theory, land remediation projects and technology demonstration projects, new urbanization and urban-rural integration; significant progress has been made in actively expanding the frontiers of rural geography and pushing forward theoretical innovations in land and resource projects; and, with China＇s development goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving modernization in mind, future innovative developments in agricultural and rural geography should aim to make research more strategic, systematic, scientific and security-oriented, with attention given to promoting systematic scientific research on international cooperation and global rural geography.

Chengdu Urban-Rural Integration Exploration and Lessons–Book Review of Coordinating Urban and Rural Development in China: Learning from Chengdu

Coordinating Urban and Rural Development in China:Learning from Chengdu Authors:Ye Yumin,Richard Le Gates Year:2013Publisher:Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN:9781781952023(424 pages,in English)Urban and rural integration,i.e.,how to deal with the issues of urban and rural disparities,urban and rural development,farmers,agriculture,migrant workers(or urban,industrial new immigrants),

CPC Central Committee and State Council Release Opinions Concerning Establishing and Improving the Institution, Mechanism, and Policy System for Urban and Rural Integrated Development

On May 6,2019,the CPC Central Committee and State Council released the Opinions Concerning Establishing and Improving the Institution,Mechanism,and Policy System for Urban and Rural Integrated Development(shortened into the Opinions in the following part).The Opinions suggests that by 2022,a primary urban-rural integrated development mechanism should be established.An institutional channel for free flowing of urban and rural elements should be basically opened up,the restrictions on urban permanent household registration should be gradually eliminated,the unified urban and rural construction land use market should be set up,the capacity of finance serving for countryside revitalization should be apparently promoted.

走向社会政策时代:从发展主义到发展型社会政策体系建设

构建一个相对完备的社会政策体系,是市场经济和工业化发展的功能要求和逻辑结果,也是一个国家或地区进入社会政策时代的标志。改革开放后,在发展主义意识形态影响下,我国出台经济政策较多而少有社会政策。中共十六大以来,在科学发展观与构建和谐社会目标的指导下,我国实现了"从经济政策到社会政策的历史性跨越",初步建立起一个"广覆盖、多层次、保基本、低水平"的社会政策体系雏型,但这一体系的应急性、二元化和碎片化特征严重影响了发展的可持续性。根据普遍性、制度统一和系统性原则,加快构建发展型社会政策体系,是我国社会政策发展的战略目标,也是进一步推动经济社会发展的迫切要求。当前,构建发展型社会政策体系的首要目标或主要困难,是破除城乡二元结构。

基于熵值法的城乡统筹发展水平评价方法实证研究——以合肥市为例

本文以城乡统筹发展水平为研究对象,运用熵值法计算城乡统筹发展水平评价指标权重,构建更为客观、可信的城乡统筹发展水平评价方法。并以合肥市为例,对该市2001-2010期间的城乡统筹发展水平进行相应的实证分析,寻找制约合肥市城乡统筹发展水平的因素并提出针对性的对策建议。

人本主义城乡一体化及其路径选择——以成都为例

“以人为本”是科学发展观的本质和核心,为城乡一体化的道路选择提供了新的思路。论文基于人本主义视角,构架人本主义城乡一体化的分析框架,并以西南中心城市———成都的城乡一体化实践为例考察我国城乡一体化发展进程,剖析城乡一体化问题的症结所在,提出人本主义城乡一体化的思路和路径选择。

农村金融发展与城乡收入差距实证研究——基于广东省1978～2008年数据

本文基于广东省1978～2008年数据,运用数理方法以及对农村金融发展与收入差距关系进行实证研究发现:农村金融发展与城乡收入差距具有长期稳定均衡关系。从长期来看,有效发展农村金融会缩小广东省城乡收入差距,农村金融的发展规模和效率对收入差距比具有显著负效应;而短期内,提升农村金融发展效率显著缩小收入差距,但农村金融发展规模的作用不显著。

作为意识形态的城市化

文章揭示了改革开放特别是20世纪90年代以来中央和地方政府关于城市化的相关理论、政策概念及其话语所具有的意识形态色彩,指出自由主义现代化历史观的产生和发展主义的盛行是城市化意识形态的主要思想渊源,对表现在"发展主义"、"城乡一体化"、"城市体系"等方面的意识形态话语进行了解构,最后以"祛魅与转型"为归结,提出:规划工作者要穿透城市化的意识形态包装,认识城市化的本质,适应转变发展方式的要求,切实调整和转变城市化模式;坚守以社会公正和公共利益为核心的价值立场,强化社会和人文科学修养,增强对相关思想、理论和政策的辨识能力,提高城市规划自主性。

农村城镇化发育不同水平地区教育差异与对策探索

以城镇化发育水平30%和70%为临界,并参考地理、历史条件的影响,可以把我国各省、市、自治区按2000年城镇化水平划分为六类群组。由于城镇化发育水平确实对教育有实在影响,因此应根据不同群组类型采取有所差异的教育对策,以解决不同类型地区的教育问题。

提供可期待的教育:城镇化背景下农村教育发展指向的省思

随着城镇化进程的推进,农村教育面临规模急剧缩小和质量不升反降的双重困局,有关农村教育发展指向的争论也由"为农"与"离农"之争转变为"本地特色"与"教育城镇化"之争。然而,这两种论争的焦点与内容看似升级转换,但仍窠臼于人本主义与发展主义的理念分歧,并且忽略了三大实际:一是农村教育基础性功能维续不足及其促进农村学生社会进阶功能的弱化;二是弱势人口的农村空间集聚与城乡社会等级结构的互为强化;三是现代化中国城镇化趋势与农村人口向城流动的必然选择。明确为每位学生提供可期待的教育作为城镇化背景下农村教育的发展指向显得极其重要,具体体现在三个方面:一是重视农村教育实现农村学生社会进阶和融合功能;二是重视农村教育促进农村学生积极社会化作用;三是重视农村教育为农村学生习得现代科技与生活方式的作用。

城乡一体化进程中图书馆发展模式的构建——以天津为例

以对天津社区图书馆、城乡图书馆共建网络体系的实际调查为基础,提出为利于城乡一体化发展,图书馆在信息资源建设、用户管理、服务体系建设等方面应采取的措施。

从发展型改革到兼顾型改革:户籍制度改革的转型

已有研究认为地方政府推行的户籍制度改革具有发展型政府的特征,户籍制度成为地方政府谋利的工具。笔者认为,近年来有的地方政府已开始推行兼顾型户籍改革。一方面,地方政府在促进经济发展的动力下,通过户籍制度推动城乡统筹,促进地方经济发展;另一方面,地方政府在社会舆论的压力和中央试点的动力下,通过户籍制度改革促进省内城乡基本公共服务一体化。兼顾型户籍改革是目前户籍制度改革的最新动向,但其进一步发展面临持续增长的财政压力、地方改革与中央支持的矛盾、工具理性和价值理性的冲突。中央政府应当承担更大的基本公共服务支出责任,推动兼顾型户籍改革,实现社会公平。

以科学发展观推进城乡统筹

树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观,其中一个重要问题就是必须统筹城乡发展,实现城乡繁荣。统筹城乡发展应坚持城乡关系平等统一,城乡优势相融互补,城乡经济社会均衡协调,城乡发展可持续,城乡发展以人为本。唯有这样,才能开创城乡联动,共赢共荣的新局面。