An investigation of the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the related in？uencing factors

Objective：To investigate the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly living in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the factors that influence these variables.Methods：A cluster sampling method was used to select 280 elderly individuals from seven urban-rural fringe communities in Xianning to complete a survey regarding their health value and self-care capabilities.Results：The total health value and self-care capability scores of the elderly were 7.45 ± 1.45 and100.25±22.56,respectively.Both of these scores significantly differed by age,education level,marital status,and income（P 〈 0.05,P 〈 0.01）.Self-care capability was correlated with health value（r=0.521）.A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that health value,marital status,and age predicted selfcare capability.Conclusions：Elderly people living in the urban-rural fringe area with higher health values also had higher self-care capabilities.The self-care capabilities of the elderly can be enhanced by improving their health value using the ＂knowing-trusting-acting＂ model.

Metropolitan Housing Development in Urban Fringe Areas-A Case Study of Three Metropolitan Cities of South Africa: Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Tshwane

Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban-rural Construction Land in Rural Industrialized Areas in China:Case Studies in Changyuan City and Xinxiang County of Henan Province

Since China’s reform and opening up in 1978,the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China had led to dramatic changes in the pattern of urban-rural land use.In this paper,we focused on the rural industrialized areas in central China(Xinxiang County and Changyuan City of Henan Province).We used the average nearest neighbor index,spatial statistical analysis,and a structural equation model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban-rural construction land based on multisource spatial data and survey data.The results showed that:1)from 1975 to 2019,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas had evolved from homogeneous distribution to local agglomeration.In terms of comparative analysis of cases,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in Changyuan City had shown a trend from diffusion to agglomeration,and Xinxiang County had overall shown a spatial change from homogenization to agglomeration and then to regional integration development.2)The hot spots with increased urban-rural construction land significantly expanded,and they had a high degree of spatial overlap with industrial development.Among them,Xinxiang County was concentrated in central and marginal areas,and Changyuan was mainly concentrated in central urban areas.3)From the evolution of spatial proximity of urban-rural construction land,rural industrialized areas generally decline,showing the characteristics of internal differentiation in the rate of change.4)Industrial development,social economy,the policy environment,and urban development played a positive role in promoting the expansion of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas.To promote the optimal use of regional land and the integrated development of urban-rural areas,we should combine the advantages of regional endowment,formulate development strategies according to local conditions,and adjust the way that land is used in a timely manner.

Analyzing land use characteristics of rural settlements on the urban fringe of Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China

The objective of this paper is to analyze land use characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe so as to provide references for optimizing the regional distribution of rural settlements, consolidating rural settlements, and coordinating urban-rural integrated development. The methods of spatial statistical analysis, buffer analysis, Ripley's K function, kernel density analysis based on GIS(Geographic Information System) were used to analyze the characteristics of scale, spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of the rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing Municipality of China. The fractal dimension formula was also developed to reflect fractal feature of the rural settlements. The results show that, the scale of rural settlements in Liangjang New Area takes on distinct characteristics of spatial differentiation along with changes in elevation, gradient, location, geohazards distribution, and the like. The fractal characteristic of rural settlements has obvious regional variations subject to the 6 factors of location in the Liangjiang New Area. Overall, the worse the terrain conditions are, the larger the fractal dimension values become. The better the locationconditions, the larger the fractal dimension values are. The spatial pattern in the township scale presents three kinds of distribution as being aggregated, uniform and random. In contract, the spatial pattern in the plaque scale displays a banding distribution from a general view with several aggregation zones centering on each town center. From the results, we can see that the characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe are more complicated. For such kind of rural settlements in special regions, in the rural land consolidation more attention should be paid to improve the rural living environments and public services, as well as to promote the harmonious relationship between the urban and rural areas.

Soil quality and sustainable land use in urban-rural marginal area: a case study of Kaifeng

By using the basic theories of physical geography, land resources and ecology, this article analyzes the soil quality of the rural-urban marginal area in Kaifeng. Computer techniques, based on soil samples analysis, are used to study soil quality changes in the Kaifeng’s rural-urban marginal area. While focusing on nutrient circle key links of input and output in soil, relying on numerous practical survey data, this article reveals clearly the impact of land use change on soil quality.

Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.

On the modes of urban-rural networking development in China

This essay tries to reveal the developmental regularity of urban-rural networking manifested by urbanization. The urban-rural networking is a reality and an inexorable trend of development. As a physical existence, the urban-rural networking reflects a result of the interaction between cities and rural areas; it is a necessary and sufficient condition for sustaining progress of cities and rural areas. As an objective developmental tendency, it reflects an urban-rural regional economic process. The author briefly analyzes two contradictory urban-rural developmental views, and puts forward a concept of the mode of urban-rural networking development. The author also analyzes the mode from the perspectives of economics and philosophy.

How to Draw on the Urban-rural Space Evolution Experience of Foreign Metropolis for Xi'an?

"Space" is the place where people take social and economic activities,as well as the carrier supporting any public life style and rights and acts.Urban and rural places are the two main parts that comprise the regional economic system,and only when they are developed harmoniously can the overall economic optimization and social welfare maximization come true.On basis of analyzing the experience and mechanism of urban and rural spaces of London,New York and Tokyo 3 typical international metropolitan area and learning from their development experience,the study has proposed development strategies for the integration of urban-rural space of Xi'an City according to its current development situation.

边缘空间“再生产”——城市边缘区生态价值的耗散机制与捕获路径

快速城市化伴随着城市边缘区的生态衰退与价值耗散。由此引发的区位比较优势削弱限制了边缘空间的资本积累和价值创造潜力,导致存量难更新和增量不经济的双向发展困境。本文在回溯城市边缘区生态资本化历程的基础上,构建生态价值耗散的空间表征和认知局限解释框架,最终提出城市边缘区生态价值捕获的空间规划响应策略。研究得出:城市边缘区的生态价值耗散强化了空间要素替代,延缓了土地更新时机,并衍生了生态成本多尺度扩散;价值核算偏差、增长脱钩困局与生态管制悖论是制约城市边缘区生态价值认知的关键因素;在规划实践中,通过“时空统筹”的资源梳理、“城绿融合”的价值创造和“刚柔互补”的系统运营维护能促进城市边缘区的空间“再生产”。

基于城市实体地域的城乡接合部空间界定研究——以广州市为例

当前国内外城乡接合部空间界定研究尚未达成共识,在行政管理实践中也未形成明确的标准,导致了城乡接合部空间治理的现实困境。基于此,文章提出基于城市实体地域的城乡接合部空间界定方法,对广州市进行实证研究。结果表明:1)以自然资源部高精度遥感和土地调查数据准确识别的城市实体地域范围为城乡接合部空间界定测算指标,以明确的行政村、居委会为最小统计单元,可以有效地衔接国土空间规划技术体系;2)采用国内外大多数研究认同的25%~75%理想值与聚类分析法,并以广州市为典型案例进行城乡接合部空间界定阈值的优化与检验,最终确定广州市城乡接合部空间界定合理阈值为10%~75%;3)精准的测算指标、明确的研究单元和可操作性强的界定方法,可以较好地识别出城乡接合部空间,同时也为更深入的空间研究与治理提供支撑。

基于1990—2020年综合土地利用动态变化的巩义市城市边缘区空间研究

以郑州市下辖且接壤的巩义市为研究对象,以1990年和2020年两期TM/OLI影像和统计年鉴数据为依据,使用1 km×1 km网格划分样区并提取各样区的综合土地利用动态度数值,借助数学模型分析确定城市边缘区范围,分析巩义市近30年来城市边缘区用地变化特征及扩展机制。结果表明,自然条件是用地扩张的基础因素,政策与经济是边缘区外扩的核心驱动力,交通对扩张具有指向性作用;边缘区内的土地变化主要表现为建设用地急剧增加、农业用地锐减,同时受距离和开发时序影响,用地类型交错复杂,破碎化特征明显。

基于社会-生态耦合视角的城市边缘区生境服务评估与分区

城市边缘区是城市和乡村交接的社会-生态脆弱区,科学评估其生境服务,对于生物多样性保护与地区可持续发展具有重要意义。在生境服务评估中将社会和生态视角进行整合,有利于制订具有接受度和包容性的保护与管理策略。以上海市青浦区为例,基于社会-生态耦合视角构建“生境质量-生境感知”的生境服务评估框架,综合InVEST模型和SolVES模型开展评估,采用耦合协调度模型分析生境质量和生境感知的耦合协调关系,利用地理探测器探究协调空间分异的影响因素,并进行生境服务分区。结果表明:(1)研究区生境质量整体处于较低水平,空间分布呈“西高东低”格局;生境感知空间分布则多临近水系呈“条带状”格局。(2)生境质量与生境感知的耦合协调程度为轻度失调,且失调单元较多。(3)社会经济因素为耦合协调空间分异的主要影响因素,且多与景观格局因素共同作用。(4)基于生境质量和生境感知的匹配与耦合协调关系,可将研究区划分为4大类、12小类生境服务区,以进行针对性保护与管理。研究结果可为促进人与自然和谐共生的生境综合保护提供参考依据。

城市边缘区绿色空间多元治理机制与优化路径——以北京市绿化隔离地区为例

构建和保护城市边缘区绿色空间是促进城市可持续发展的有效手段。长期以来,自上而下的控制性规划建设管理方式已无法适应政策性生态空间发展现实需要,多元协同治理是未来的发展趋势。政府、市场、集体和社会组织在城市边缘区绿色空间治理体系中分别发挥着核心性、主体性、协同性和制衡性作用,维持着空间治理体系的有效运转。针对城市边缘区绿色空间治理面临的生态、经济、社会各维度治理实效差异大,多元主体职能尚未完全发挥,各主体空间权利不平等的现实困境,应建立多维度城市边缘区绿色空间治理绩效评价体系,以科学分工为准则厘清多元治理主体职能定位,并构建多元主体协同共治的机制,以实现城市边缘区绿色空间人口、经济、资源环境空间均衡发展。

趋同与共生:城市边缘区社区治理从模仿到自主的演进逻辑与发展因应

城市边缘区社区因寻求社区集体的发展权益、制度配置的优势地位、要素流动的空间正义而选择模仿城市或乡村的社区治理方式,逐渐与城市或乡村社区在治理方式上呈现“趋同”样态。社区治理方式趋同程度加深使城市边缘区社区治理陷入“选择定式”困境,而走出此困境的逻辑是适配自洽所趋同的社区治理方式,引导城市边缘区社区走向与城市、乡村社区治理方式“共生”样态。达成社区治理方式共生的前提是城市边缘区社区实现自主治理,而真正实现自主治理需要对妨碍自主治理实现的弱项展开多维剖析。以身份构建、资产管理、产业运营、职能框架为着力点,明确城市边缘区社区法律地位,规范城市边缘区社区资产管理结构,鼓励城市边缘区社区产业发展,明晰城市边缘区社区共治联系,从而为城市边缘区社区实现自主治理提供保障,为推动城市边缘区社区治理方式与城市、乡村社区治理方式共生创设前提条件,为深化城乡一体化建设、实现基层治理体系和治理能力现代化打下坚实基础。

中心城市边缘区域景点进出交通系统优化研究——以成都市大熊猫繁育研究基地为例

顶流景区是引领文旅产业持续健康发展的关键载体,面对游客大量的进出需求,其交通系统需要充分保障顺畅有序、高效安全、舒适集约.本文以成都市大熊猫繁育研究基地为例,通过多元数据分析得到现状游客出行存在“车行主导、供不及需”“公交不便、客流不足”“过度集中、交织无序”“平峰游客与高峰出游需求差异较大”的四大特征.为应对“基地”2期项目开园带来更大的交通需求,同时提升游客进出体验和效率,本文提出“分门进出、智慧诱导”“绿色转型、品质提升”“剥离交织、有序进出”“分时利用、区域共享”四大交通优化策略,切实提升了“基地”2期项目开园时游客出行效率、体验和秩序.本文涉及的研究方法、规划逻辑和优化策略可为其他旅游景区优化交通系统提供参考.

城市中的园野,乡野中的城市——双碳背景下公园与城市轨道交通的关系研究

双碳目标背景下,如何将高密度开发与绿地建设统筹协调起来,是值得研究的课题。TOD模式成为城市高密度开发的重要并且有效模式之一,本文研究城市公园与轨道之间的不同关系,试图探讨如何使绿地高效利用,并与城市空间更好结合,最终实现协同增值效果。

城市边缘区传统村落景观风貌评价——以北京市海淀区李家坟村为例

传统村落景观是美丽乡村建设和城乡协调发展背景下,农村人居环境改善和品质提升的主体。本研究旨在自然要素、聚居要素、人文要素、产业要素4个层面构建一套基于层次分析法(AHP法)和语义差异法(SD法)的城市边缘区传统村落景观风貌评价模型,并运用该模型对北京市海淀区上庄镇李家坟村进行景观风貌评价。将AHP法与SD法结合,使评价结果更具科学性和全面性。结果表明:人文景观对城市边缘区传统村落景观风貌塑造的影响最大,就李家坟村而言,村落自然景观风貌整体表现较好,村落人文景观风貌可提升空间最大,整体建设有待加强。通过试验,建立了城市边缘区传统村落景观风貌评价体系并对李家坟村景观进行科学评价,为指导传统村落景观风貌保护与建设提供新的思路与依据。

基于RS与GIS的城市边缘空间扩张趋势预测仿真

为明确区域扩张方向、避免城市发展中心偏移,提出一种基于RS与GIS的扩张趋势预测方法。利用RS和GIS采集城市边缘的空间数据,利用调节系数去除遥感图像中噪声,将城市边缘空间扩张,看作一个只有时间存在变动的线性变化现象,根据上述特点建立预测空间,通过历史输入值、输出值以及标准值,推导计算空间中信息响应域及数据流域分布情况,将实际待检测区域特征代入,推导响应域及数据流域拟合度最高的空间状态,最后凭借预测向量矩阵得出占地面积、预测面积以及房屋数据量等指标的预测输出。仿真结果证明,在占地面积、图像表达以及扩张方向三个指标对比中,所提方法预测准确率都是最高的,可为城市扩建提供决策基础。

城市边缘区流动人口人居环境需求的系统建构

基于城市边缘区流动人口人居环境需求的生成条件及影响因素,提出城市边缘区流动人口需求建构的逻辑遵循,即达到生存安全、生活安定、价值实现。将城市边缘区流动人口的人居环境需求归类为生存需求、发展需求和表达需求。从“寄居者”向“安居者”的身份转变,不单单是个体感受的变化,也牵涉个体意识、能力和行动场域,是一个不断递进和变化的过程。对于人居环境需求的分析与介入需要遵循人本化、差异化与个性化的理念。

“双循环”新格局下省际边缘区规划策略研究——以湖北省黄梅县为例

“双循环”新发展格局既是机遇也是挑战,省际边缘区如何理解及如何应对是问题的关键。文章通过文献梳理及可视化分析发现当前缺乏新发展格局下省际边缘地区的相关规划研究,并结合样本数据分析提出“双循环”新发展格局下省际边缘区存在区域协同步伐加快,省域中心辐射不足;国内市场需求增加,产业面临同质风险;基础设施建设升级,通道联系稍显薄弱;治理体系逐渐完善,行政壁垒仍旧显著四大特征及问题。在此基础上,提出包括城市定位转变、主导产业优化、基础设施提升及体制机制转型四个方面规划应对策略,并延伸建构“双循环”格局下省际边缘区的规划应对框架。最后以省际边缘典型地区湖北省黄梅县为实证案例,提出积极融入长江经济带、形成四大产业集群、畅通南北通道及加深“金三角”合作等规划策略,以期为新格局下类似区域研究及国土空间规划提供理论借鉴和实践参考。