Characteristics of Regional Differentiation of Urbanization Development in Anhui Province

On the basis of connotation of urbanization,by using SPSS factor analysis and cluster analysis,we establish index system of urbanization development level and conduct quantitative analysis on development level of urbanization in 17 prefecture-level city of Anhui Province,in order to find out the differentiation pattern of regional space of urbanization development in Anhui Province based on these.The results show that Anhui's difference of urbanization gradient is prominent.Classification of three clusters shows that the pattern of status quo of urbanization development in Anhui Province is "dual-nucleus" and "two-stretches";classification of five clusters show that the pattern of status quo of urbanization development in Anhui Province is "one-core","one-strip" and "three-region".From five aspects,namely natural geography,transportation location,resources distribution,economic development and administrative system,we analyze the reason and influencing factors of differentiation of urbanization development in the region.The results of three clusters and five clusters show that there is great possibility that "dual-nucleus" changes into "individual-nucleus";"one-core" and "one-strip" may evolve into "one-group".We should foster the urban agglomeration in central Anhui;perfect structure system in the perspective of integration and fostering;strengthen infrastructure construction and regional coordination system;elevate comprehensive competitiveness and guide holistic development of regional economy;promote industrialization process and promote development level of urbanization.

Inter-provincial pattern of the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization

The coordinated development between touristization and urbanization is the key to optimizing regional industrial structure and building a long-term dynamic mechanism for urbanization. Based on constructing the measurement index system of touristization and urbanization level, the evaluation model on the coupled and coordinated degree is used in this paper to measure the inter-provincial pattern of the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization in 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China. The results show that the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization is significantly different in different regions, which presents a gradient decline pattern of the highest in the east, the lower in the middle and the lowest in the west. In the future, measures should be taken to promote the coordinated development between touristization and urbanization in accordance with the regional differences and actual development needs.

Spatial Pattern and Evolution of Urbanization in Shandong Province

Based on Arc GIS and SPSS Statistics,authors of this paper used the principal component analysis(PCA) and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and selected 6 indicators concerning population,land,and economy to study the spatial pattern of urbanization and regional economic differences in Shandong Province,namely urban population,urban population density,construction land,area of urban districts,disposable income of residents,and added value of the tertiary industry.The development of urbanization in Shandong Province was measured by the proportion of urban population to the total population in 2000,2005,2010,and 2014 respectively.It is hoped that this paper will provide a theoretical basis for building an orderly regional spatial structure and coordinating regional urban decision-making.

Evolution of Spatial Pattern of China's Urbanization and Its Impacts on Regional Development

Along with the remarkable economic growth,China has been experiencing a rapid urbanization in the past 60 years.However,the development of urbanization was not coordinated with regional development and the distributions of population and economy were discrete.With the method of centroid analysis,this paper demonstrates the spatial pattern of China's urbanization and its evolution thereof from 1952 to 2005.Two indices are set up to represent the coupling states of three centroids,by which the impacts of urbanization on regional development are analyzed.In the end,from the angle of spatial pattern,this paper summarizes the characteristics of China's urbanization,its evolution and its interaction with economic development,and then gives several suggestions on the population policy for the balanced regional development in the country.

Urbanization in China from the end of 1980s until 2010 – spatial dynamics and patterns of growth using EO-data

Urbanization in China has been experiencing a remarkable dynamism in the past 40 years.The most evident implication of urbanization is the physical growth of cities.We analyze urban land growth rates and changes in spatial urban forms from the end of the 1980s to 2010 based on the authoritative National Land Use/Cover Database of China.We present new spatial measures that describe‘urban land growth types’and‘fluctuations in urban land growth’within the monitoring time span with a temporal interval of five-year steps.We evaluate the correlations between urban land growth rates and socioeconomic data.Results show that(1)distinct characteristics exist on the spatiotemporal evolutions of urban land growth rates in terms of area and perimeter,e.g.coastal areas exhibit the most dramatic growth rates;(2)the spatial distribution characteristics of‘urban land growth types’and‘fluctuations in urban land growth’follow similar spatial patterns across China,e.g.significant differences exist between the eastern region and other regions;and(3)a moderate correlation exists between urban area growth rate and urban population growth rate at an R2 of 0.37.By contrast,we determine no significant correlation between urban area growth rate and tertiary industry value growth rate.

Regional Differences of China′s Urban Expansion from Late 20th to Early 21st Century Based on Remote Sensing Information

This study investigated the regional differences of China′s urban land expansion from the late 1980s to the year of 2008, based on the spatio-temporal analysis of CLCD (China′s land cover/land use database) datasets which were mainly produced from remote sensing imagery data. A newly defined urbanization level index (UI), based on urban land area, is proposed to describe Chinese urban expansion process at 1 kilometer, provincial, regional, and na-tional scales, together with the absolute urban expansion index (UEa) and the relative urbanization expansion index (UEr). The results indicate that the percentages of total land area occupied by urban in the late 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008 were approximately 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.43% and 0.52% of China′s total land area, respectively. Between the late 1980s and 2008, the total urban expansion in the mainland of China was 2.645 × 104 km2, resulting in an annual urban expansion area of about 1322.7 km2/yr, with the UEr of 111.9%. This study also finds that there has been an obvious spatial gradient of urbanization ratio running from the east coast to the west inland, and the urbanization gaps among different regions have persisted over the past two decades. The study also reveals obvious temporal varia-tions of the urbanization rates. There was very little urban growth during the period of 1995-2000 due to the governmental policy factors.

城市发展管控区村庄居民点布局模式探索

该文从空间、社会、经济、文化等角度综合分析了当前农村居民点规划布局,多要素综合研究相关布局模式在城市发展管控区的适用性,指出相关布局模式在社会网络关系保持、乡村地方文化延续、发展可持续性等方面的缺失与不足。结合以上研究,提出了基于地域性的有机集聚布局模式,并在相关案例中分析应用,为该类区域的乡村发展和城市发展管控提供思路,也为相关地域的国土空间规划和乡村规划提供参考。

近35年来新疆城市扩张及绿地格局演变的时空特征

城市扩张会导致绿地面积减少和生态功能退化,尤其在干旱缺水的新疆城市,该矛盾更加突出,亟须开展城市扩张与绿地格局演变的定量研究。文章利用遥感数据,通过量化1985—2020年新疆整体、兵团城市、非兵团城市的不透水地表面积和占比的变化、绿地面积和占比的变化,以及绿地破碎度的变化,分析1985—2020年的新疆城市扩张与绿地格局演变特征,探究兵团城市和非兵团城市的发展差异,为西部地区可持续发展提供科学支撑。结果表明:1)35年来新疆城市不透水面积持续增加,由379.89 km^(2)增长至4 947.60 km^(2);绿地面积从40.88万km^(2)下降到39.31万km^(2),且绿地破碎度先降后升。2)兵-地融合发展加速了区域的城市扩张,尤其加快了非兵团城市的扩张;3)35年来非兵团城市绿地面积持续下降,而兵团城市在2010年前绿地面积持续上升,2010—2020年绿地面积快速下降。未来新疆的兵-地融合发展需要更加关注绿地建设,实现区域的高质量、可持续发展。

石库门装饰纹样在城市家具设计中的应用研究——以上海市为例

为了创造出具有城市文化特征、符合现代审美需求的城市家具。本文以上海城市空间及城市文化为依托,以石库门装饰纹样为研究基点,立足于地域文化对城市家具再创造的促进作用,着重分析了石库门装饰纹样的发展溯源、图形特征、材质构造等因素。通过收集与整理装饰纹样样本,筛选得出了最具有艺术价值的纹样,并且提炼其精华对基本图形进行简化和演变,应用到城市家具的设计上。研究能够让石库门风貌区户外城市家具与历史建筑风格相统一,在视觉观感上实现石库门历史风貌区的文化连续性,与此同时,以期能够延续上海城市文脉,凸显城市特色,为上海城市家具设计提供新思路。

长江经济带城乡地域功能融合发展的时空格局与响应过程

城乡地域功能融合发展是纾解国土空间冲突的关键路径。该研究运用熵权TOPSIS、核密度估计和融合发展度模型分析长江经济带130个城市的城镇、乡村地域功能水平,以及城乡地域功能融合发展的时空格局,采用双变量空间自相关模型识别其响应过程。结果表明:①长江经济带各市城镇、乡村地域功能呈上升趋势,城镇地域功能形成“点-团-面”的分布格局,区域差异逐渐收窄;乡村地域功能呈“簇团”状分布格局,上中下游的地理梯度分异现象突出。②长江经济带各市城乡地域功能由融合过渡型向融合提升型突变发展,融合发展水平呈现下游>中游>上游的特征,由以中心城市为节点向以核心城市群为组团的分布格局演进,东西部极化加剧、省域内部差异扩大。③长江经济带城镇与乡村地域功能相互促进发展作用显著增强,先后历经需求融合、引导融合和自发融合等阶段,融合发展过程呈现由融合过渡到融合提升再到融合优化的螺旋式上升规律。根据研究结论提出以下建议:①上游地区以政策引导发展为契机,吸引下游地区资金、技术、劳动密集型产业向上游地区转移,集中资源全面推进乡村振兴,促进城镇、乡村地域功能双提升。②中游地区着力推进城乡一体化发展,强化武汉、长沙和南昌等区域性中心城市城镇地域功能的辐射带动效应,拉动乡村地域功能发育。③下游地区需促进城镇的生产、生活活动逐步向乡村转移,促进农村土地流转和农业生产经营规模化,助推城乡地域功能优质融合。

黄河流域城镇人口和用地变化的关联格局及地域类型

黄河流域城镇人口和城镇用地的关联格局及地域类型对人地系统协调发展具有重要指导意义。基于人口普查和城镇用地栅格数据,运用城镇人口变化指数、城镇用地扩展强度指数、标准差椭圆等方法,揭示2000—2020年黄河流域城镇人口和城镇用地时空分异动态特征,并构建城镇人口和城镇用地协同发展系数,划分城镇化地域类型。结果表明,(1)黄河流域2000—2020年城镇人口增长和城镇用地扩展均呈阶段式变化,城镇人口由中高速增长为主,转为以中低速增长为主,城镇用地面积呈现持续增加的趋势,同一城市不同阶段的城镇扩展强度具有由强变弱的特征;(2)黄河流域2000—2020年城镇人口和城镇用地的标准差椭圆长、短轴的差值不断增大,城镇人口增长和城镇用地扩张在时空格局上吻合性较强;(3)黄河流域城镇化地域类型可以划分为5类,2000—2010年城镇化地域类型呈现自西向东依次分布的趋势,2010—2020年呈现自东南向西北依次分布的格局。黄河流域新型城镇化发展应构筑区域协同发展体系,加快产业结构转型升级,统筹城乡发展,促进黄河流域人地系统可持续发展。

我国新型城镇化发展质量统计评价研究

推进以人为核心的新型城镇化是为人民群众创造美好生活的重要路径。本文采用多种统计分析方法测算并探究2010—2021年我国30个省级地区新型城镇化发展质量综合水平的阶段性演化特征。研究表明,考察期内,我国新型城镇化发展质量水平整体上提升速度较快,但多数省份的发展质量水平不高,智慧和创新正在成为引领我国新型城镇化高质量发展的重要驱动力,而人文和宜居方面建设薄弱则可能会形成短板。分布动态演进方面,东部地区展现出显著的主力驱动型趋势,中部和西部地区呈现出明显的均衡提升型趋势,而东北地区表现出鲜明的双峰并行型趋势。空间形态方面,我国新型城镇化发展质量水平形成了俱乐部收敛的空间形态特征,其主要原因是各地区新型城镇化在短期发展过程中具有路径依赖,而本地与邻域地区间的“邻高提升,邻低抑制”效应则强化了该种空间形态。本研究为我国新型城镇化发展成效的阶段性统计监测和持续性发展研究提供启示。

Temporal Variability of Tropospheric NO_(2) over Cities in the United States,Western Europe and China from 2005 to 2022

Anthropogenic Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)=NO_(2)+NO)emissions are highly concentrated in urban area,and the weekly cycles,seasonal patterns and long-term trends of tropospheric NO_(2) columns over cities differ from region to region due to different emission sectoral compositions and human activities.In this study,we used satellite observed tropospheric NO_(2) column data to compare the longand short-term NO_(2) column density time series over cities in the United Sates(the U.S.),western Europe and China.The results showed that in all the targeted cities,the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease in 2019(COVID-19)moved the December peak of the city-level NO_(2)columns forward to November and October or even earlier in 2020 and 2021.On weekly level,cities in the U.S.show the lowest NO_(2) columns ratio on weekend/work day,then come the western European cities,and a weak weekly pattern is seen in Chinese cities.For all the cites,we find a higher weekend/work day NO_(2) ratio in cold seasons than in warm seasons,indicating a higher contribution from NOx emission sectors of residential,industry and power plants in the warm seasons.In the long-term,NO_(2) columns over the U.S.and western European cities declined by a fraction twice that of the regional mean level from 2004 to 2021.In China,NO_(2) columns started to decrease since 2012,at a similar rate between the city and regional level.This work confirms the importance to quantify and control NOx emissions from cities.

深圳打造全球区域文化中心城市的战略指向及其路径

随着经济的高速发展,深圳的文化建设也进入发展“快车道”,塑造了全新的城市文化形象,形成了特色鲜明的深圳文化。未来,着眼于国家发展大局和粤港澳大湾区发展,深圳将率先建设面向世界的区域文化中心城市和彰显国家文化软实力的现代文明城市典范。该文基于全球城市视角,提出新发展格局下深圳全球区域文化中心建设的战略指向:坚持文化融合,着力增强全社会文化创造能力;坚持文化惠民,优化提升高质量文化服务供给;坚持改革创新,夯实新时代“深圳精神”内涵;坚持开放包容,深度融入“双循环”文化市场。为了实现上述目标,深圳应加强政策保障、潜能文化释放、强化科技支撑、夯实文化底蕴、扩大对外开放。

GI格局影响区域气温的尺度效应和空间分异特征——基于天津市的实证

绿色基础设施为应对气候变化提供了一种基于自然的解决方案,尤其在调节区域气温方面发挥着重要作用。既有关于绿色基础设施与区域气候关联性的研究主要关注规模数量对全局尺度气候因子的影响,对尺度变化及其空间异质性的讨论不足。以天津市为例,综合运用景观生态学和地理加权回归分析方法,在测度研究区绿色基础设施格局的基础上,深入探讨了绿色基础设施格局影响区域气温的尺度效应和空间作用规律。结果表明:1)绿色基础设施格局能够显著影响区域气温,且随着尺度增加各项格局指数与区域气温的相关程度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并在7km×7km尺度下达到峰值;2)各项格局指数与区域气温的相关程度整体上为面积类指数>聚集类指数>密度类指数>形状类指数;3)各项格局指数与区域气温的相关性具有空间非稳定性特征,其中半城市化地区的区域气温更易受到格局变化的影响。最后,提出以乡镇(街道)为单元的GI格局分区优化措施,以期为气候适应性规划设计和各类相关政策的制定提供科学指导。

东北地区要素市场扭曲的时空跃迁及其影响因素分析

构建全国统一大市场,深化要素市场化改革是新时代我国实现高质量发展的重要着力点。东北地区受历史因素的影响,生产要素市场改革明显落后于产品市场,为东北地区深度融入全国统一大市场带来严峻挑战。本文基于2002~2021年地级市层面数据,对东北地区生产要素价格扭曲程度、扭曲协调度和偏离度进行多维测度,并利用PVAR模型探究造成要素市场扭曲的障碍性因素,以畅通东北地区要素资源流动。研究表明:(1)资本和劳动力的价格均被低估。在时间序列上,资本价格扭曲随时间呈波动上升趋势,劳动力价格扭曲则随时间呈波动下降趋势;在空间层面上,要素价格扭曲存在地区差异性,高要素价格扭曲主要集中在黑龙江省两翼和辽宁省、吉林省的中部;(2)在协调度方面,相邻地级市在要素价格扭曲变动上具有较高同步性;(3)在偏离度方面,辽宁省和吉林省中总产出占比越大的地级市,要素价格扭曲越大,黑龙江省中总产出占比越大的地级市,资本价格扭曲越小、劳动力价格扭曲越大;(4)在影响因素方面,对外开放在短期内可以缓解要素市场扭曲,过度的政府干预强化要素市场扭曲,城镇化可改善资本扭曲,但对劳动力扭曲的影响则由正转负。

基于县域地理差异比较的乡村聚落空间格局特征及其驱动因子影响研究

识别县域乡村聚落空间特征、揭示其驱动因子与形成机理,是编制县域村庄布点规划、优化乡村空间布局、推动乡村振兴发展的基础。选取县域内部地理条件分异明显的潜山市作为研究区域,运用平均最近邻距离、景观格局等空间分析方法,结合地理探测器,对县域不同地域条件下的乡村聚落空间格局及其驱动因子进行比较研究,以期发现乡村聚落空间格局特征差异和驱动因子的作用机制。结果表明:(1)不同地理条件下乡村聚落空间格局呈现不同的形态,具有显著差异;(2)地形条件是格局特征形成的初始驱动因子,在山区交通因子具有更大的影响,而水系在山前平原地区影响显著;(3)人口、经济、公服、交通因素与其他因子交互作用突出。

基于土地利用分析的兰州市城市区域生态安全格局研究

中尺度区域生态安全的研究针对区域的实际生态安全问题展开,处于各尺度生态安全概念的核心地位.作为特殊的区域,以生态基础设施建设为核心的城市区域生态安全格局的构建成为城市可持续发展的基础内容.基于土地利用分析的定性、定量相结合的景观格局研究,生态价值评估以及社会经济驱动分析为城市区域生态安全格局的构建提供了一种可能.兰州市区域生态安全格局由生态保障体系、生态缓冲体系以及生态过滤体系所构成,经过分析,认为生态缓冲体系的建设成为兰州市区域生态安全格局构建的关键.城市未来扩展格局的定量分析成为兰州市区域生态安全格局安全级别的判别函数,根据不同的响应,把区域生态安全格局化分为低级、中级和高级3个级别.

运用空间自相关分析集聚经济类型的地理格局

集聚经济的类型决定着区域经济的发展方向。传统的度量指标是基尼系数、Ellison-Glaeser指数等,但这类指标却没有考虑相邻地区间经济的相互影响。据此,本文提出用空间自相关方法,衡量区域的集聚经济水平,并且利用2002年江苏省县级工业数据,实证分析和探讨江苏省城市化和地方化集聚经济的地理格局。

快速城市化地区道路格局对土地利用的影响研究

道路作为重要的人为活动因素之一,对其两侧的土地利用具有重要影响.以深圳市为例,从道路等级和道路密度出发,采用缓冲区分析和城市化影响指数,研究了快速城市化地区道路格局对土地利用的影响.结果表明:道路格局对土地利用存在显著影响,主干道路和街巷道路的影响范围分别为1 200和800 m;在道路高、中、低密度区内,道路的影响范围分别为600,1 200和1 000 m;主干道路对土地利用的主要影响形式是园地,街巷道路是建设用地;在道路高、中、低密度区,道路影响范围内面积比例占主导地位的分别为建设用地、工业用地和林地.研究区内道路的影响范围已占深圳市总面积80%左右,目前道路影响范围外区域主要零散分布在山地丘陵地带.探讨了道路等级和道路密度在道路对土地利用影响中的关系.