Correlation between glycated hemoglobin A1c,urinary microalbumin,urinary creatinine,β2 microglobulin,retinol binding protein and diabetic retinopathy

BACKGROUND Retinopathy is the most common microvascular disease of type 2 diabetes,and seriously threatens the life,health and quality of life of patients.It is worth noting that the development of diabetic retinopathy(DR)can be hidden,with few symptoms.Therefore,the preliminary screening of diabetic patients should identify DR as soon as possible,delay disease progression,and play a vital role in its diagnosis and treatment.AIM To investigate the correlation between glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),urinary microalbumin(U-mALB),urinary creatinine(U-CR),mALB/U-CR ratio,β2 microglobulin(β2MG),retinol binding protein(RBP)and DR.METHODS A total of 180 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei from January 2022 to August 2022 were retrospectively enrolled by ophthalmologists.Based on whether they had combined retinopathy and its degree,68 patients with diabetes mellitus without retinopathy(NDR)were assigned to the NDR group,54 patients with non-proliferative DR(NPDR)to the NPDR group,and 58 patients with proliferative DR to the PDR group.General data,and HbA1c,mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and U-CR results were collected from the patients and compared among the groups.Pearson's correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between HbA1c,mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and U-CR indices,and multiple linear regression was applied to identify the risk factors for DR.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curves were also drawn.RESULTS The differences in age,gender,systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the groups were not statistically significantly(P>0.05),but the difference in disease duration was statistically significant(P<0.05).The differences in fasting blood glucose,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,total cholesterol,and triglyceride between the groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).HbA1c in the PDR group was higher than that in the NPDR and NDR groups(P<0.05).The levels of mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and UCR in the PDR group were higher than those in the NPDR and NDR groups(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that disease duration,HbA1c,mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and U-CR were risk factors for the development of DR.The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for the combination of indices(HbA1c+mALB+mALB/U-CR+U-CR+β2MG+RBP)was 0.958,with a sensitivity of 94.83%and specificity of 96.72%,which was higher than the AUC for single index prediction(P<0.05).CONCLUSION HbA1c,mALB,mALB/U-CR,U-CR,β2MG and RBP can reflect the development of DR and are risk factors affecting PDR,and the combination of these six indices has predictive value for PDR.

Analysis of the correlation between baseline serum uric acid, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To assess the impact of baseline serum uric acid(SUA) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR) on cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods This prospective cohort study included 1 071 type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients who were regularly followed up in Lee’s clinic.Patients were regularly followed up annually with an average of 5 years.The group was divided into cognitive impairment group(CI,n=173)and no significant cognitive impairment group(NCI,n=898) according to the presence or absence of significant cognitive impairment during follow-up.All participants were also divided into three groups according to baseline UACR values:NUA(UACR <30 mg/g),MU A(30≤UACR≤300 mg/g),and LUA(UACR> 300 mg/g).

Establish Albumin-creatinine Ratio Reference Value of Adults in the Rural Area of Hebei Province

Objective To establish albumin-creatinine ratio(ACR) reference value of the rural population in Hebei province.Methods This study enrolled 5154 participants.By excluding subjects with hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,kidney diseases,and overweight condition,as well as those with an estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)<60 ml/(min·1.73 m^2),apparently healthy subjects(1168) were selected.Urine albumin was measured by using the immunoturbidimetic method,serum creatinine was measured by using Jaffe's kinetic method on a morning spot-urine sample,and ACR was calculated.The 95 th percentile of ACR in the healthy subjects was used as the normal upper limit.Results The normal upper limit of ACR was 28.71 mg/g(3.25 mg/mmol) for males and 31.85mg/g(3.60 mg/mmol) for females.Based on this ACR reference value,the age-gender standardized prevalence of albuminuria in the rural areas of Hebei province was 12.9%.Conclusion The ACR reference value in the rural of Hebei province is higher than that of the Western population.

Comparison between different methods of urine collection for estimation of albumin-creatinine ratio in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus

In patients with diabetes mellitus, urinary albumin-creatinine-ratio (ACR) predicts progressive kidney disease. In order to determine the better urine sample for detecting ACR, we estimated ACR in three modes of urine sample. Two hundred patients of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with proteinuria irrespective of age and sex were studied for urinary ACR in all the three types of samples over a period of 2 years. The statistical analysis showed that first morning ACR (r = 0.999, p > 0.001) of the subjects was more significantly correlated with their 24 hour urine sample ACR than spot urine (r = 0.995,

Determination of upper reference value of urinary calcium-creatinine ratio for the paediatric population in Burdwan district

To estimate the rate of excretion of urinary calcium, a 24-hour sample of urine is required and this is not always easy to collect accurately in infant and children. So, random urine calcium to creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr ratio) has been developed. But as the ratio varies worldwide, reference values of the parameter in paediatric population are not developed. To determine reference value, the present study was conducted in healthy paediatric population in Burdwan district, West Bengal. This study was performed on 693 healthy paediatric subjects, aged between 3 months to 18 years and divided into five groups. Early morning non-fasting urine samples from all study groups were analyzed for Ca/Cr ratio. A negative correlation was observed between age and urinary Ca/Cr ratio, but there was no significant difference of urinary Ca/Cr ratio between two sexes. Considering 97.5th percentile of the underlying distribution of values as the upper limit of reference range, upper reference values of urinary Ca/Cr ratio for age groups

Association of urinary albumin excretion with central foveal thickness and intravitreal conbercept treatment frequency in patients with diabetic macular edema

AIM: To investigate the effect of albuminuria on diabetic macular edema(DME) and the possible association between baseline urinary albumin excretion(UAE) and intravitreal conbercept(IVC) treatment frequency in DME patients. METHODS: In this hospital-based retrospective study, a total of 350 in-patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited and their clinical records were reviewed. Thereafter, 52 patients identified with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) combined with albuminuria were divided into the microalbuminuria(UAE 30-300 mg/24 h) and macroalbuminuria(UAE>300 mg/24 h) groups, which were compared and analyzed by both independent sample t-test and Chi-square test. Correlations between the systemic variables and the central foveal thickness(CFT) were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analyses. Of the 52 patients with centerinvolved DME, 43 received an initial combined injection of conbercept(0.5 mg/0.05 mL) and triamcinolone acetonide(1 mg/0.05 mL), followed by an IVC injection, as needed. The relationship between baseline UAE and number of IVCinjections during the first year of treatment was analyzed using Spearman’s partial correlation.RESULTS: Of 350 patients, a higher incidence of DME was observed in severe non-proliferative retinopathy(NPDR) patients than that observed in other groups. By dividing the 52 patients with severe NPDR into the micro-and macro-albuminuria subgroups, significant differences in CFT, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and serum creatinine levels, and UAE were revealed. Furthermore, a positive liner correlation between the UAE and CFT was found. Finally, the partial correlation coefficient adjusted for either the CFT or UAE indicated that both parameters directly correlated with the number of IVC injections administered during the 12 mo of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Generally, macular edema occurred in patients with severe NPDR, for whom the UAE is an independent risk predictor of DME. The baseline UAE and CFT predicted the treatment frequency of IVC injections administered in the first year for eyes with DME.

The correlation of urinary albumin excretion rate with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Objective:To study the correlation of urinary albumin excretion rate with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods: A total of 78 patients with DN treated in our hospital December 2012 and March 2016 were collected and divided into early diabetic nephropathy group (n=51) and middle-advanced diabetic nephropathy group (n=27) according to the DN grading standard;60 subjects with normal renal function who receiving physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. Immediately after admission, the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) of all groups were determined;automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine renal function index levels, ELISA method was used to determine inflammatory factor levels, and RIA method was used to determine the oxidative stress index levels;Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation of UAER value with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with DN.Results:Differences in UAER value as well as renal function index, inflammatory response index and oxidative stress index levels were statistically significant among three groups of subjects. UAER value as well as BUN, Scr, CysC,β2-MG, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF- , MDA and AOPP levels of early DN group and middle-advanced DN group were higher than those of normal control group while T-AOC and SOD levels were lower than those of normal control group;UAER value as well as BUN, Scr, CysC,β2-MG, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF- , MDA and AOPP levels of middle-advanced DN group was higher than those of early DN group while T-AOC and SOD levels were lower than those of early DN group;UAER value in patients with DN was correlated with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress.Conclusion:UAER value can directly reflect the renal injury, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with DN, and be the reliable means for early disease diagnosis and treatment guidance.

同型半胱氨酸及尿蛋白肌酐比与糖尿病肾病的关系

目的:本研究拟观察糖尿病肾病患者合并不同程度肾脏损害时,机体血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)的水平,并分析其与糖尿病肾病中肾脏损害的关系。方法:选取400例糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象(糖尿病肾病组);200例单纯2型糖尿病患者为对照组(2型糖尿病组)。对比两组患者血清Hcy与UACR的水平。参照肾小球滤过率(GFR)相关标准分组(将G1、G2期纳入早期糖尿病肾病组,G3-G5期纳入晚期糖尿病肾病组),对比两组患者年龄、性别等一般资料及血清Hcy与UACR水平。经二元回归分析后,将P值放宽至<0.1,将符合条件的因素同时纳入作为自变量,经Logistic回归分析上述指标与GFR水平的相关性。结果:与单纯2型糖尿病组患者相比,糖尿病肾病组患者血清Hcy与UACR水平较高(P<0.05);两组其他一般资料无统计学差异(P>0.05);经Logistic回归分析显示,2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy及UACR水平与肾损伤有关(OR=1.577,95%CI:1.320~1.738,P<0.05;OR=1.031,95%CI:1.024~1.038,P<0.05);晚期糖尿病肾病组患者血清Hcy及UACR水平高于早期糖尿病肾病组患者,GFR水平低于早期糖尿病肾病组患者(P<0.05);经双变量Spearman直线相关性检验显示,血清Hcy及UACR水平与糖尿病肾病患者肾损伤程度(GFR水平)均呈负相关(r=-0.468、-0.719,P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病肾病患者血清Hcy及UACR水平与肾脏损害(GFR水平)密切相关。

尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐、血清胱抑素C、血清β2-微球蛋白在高血压肾病早期诊断中的价值

目的研讨尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐(UACR)、血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)、血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)再诊断早期高血压肾病中的价值。方法选择新乡医学院第三附属医院2022年1月至2022年12月收入的82例高血压患者,依照有无合并肾病分为高血压无明确肾病组40例和高血压肾病组42例,再选择42例同期入院的健康体检者为对照组。检测所有研究对象UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平,对比三组检测结果。结果高血压肾病组UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平均高于高血压无明确肾病组和对照组,高血压无明确肾病组UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平较对照组高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同肾脏受损分级高血压患者的UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平存在差异,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着肾脏受损分级的增高,UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平也在不断增高;UACR联合Cys-C联合β2-MG检测高血压肾病阳性率97.62%,高于UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG单一检测的85.71%、80.95%、76.19%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG值均与肾脏受损程度呈正相关性(P<0.05)。结论UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG联合检测可辅助诊断早期高血压肾病,在临床应将三项指标联合应用,但还需结合病史和临床表现综合诊断。

尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值、尿视黄醇结合蛋白及尿β2微球蛋白联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(ACR)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)及尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。方法 对2022年1月—2023年6月本院收治的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者200例临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据是否有糖尿病肾病分为肾病组(100例)、单纯糖尿病(DM)组(100例),均接受ACR、RBP及β2-MG联合检测,对检测结果进行分析。结果 肾病组ACR、RBP、β2-MG水平与单纯糖尿病组比较有明显差异(P<0.05);肾病组患者不同Mogensen分期患者的尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、尿视黄醇及尿β2微球蛋白水平比较有明显差异(P<0.05);单项检测的诊断特异度、灵敏度明显较联合检测低(P<0.05)。结论 ACR、RBP、β2-MG联合检测对糖尿病肾病具有较高的检测价值,在出现早期肾损伤时即可检出,也有助于评估肾病程度,为临床制定治疗方案提供参考依据。

昆明市2社区2型糖尿病慢病管理患者服药依从性对病情控制的影响

目的分析昆明市2社区2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2DM)慢病管理患者服药依从性对病情控制的影响。方法选取2021年12月至2022年7月昆明市官渡、小板桥2个社区纳入慢病管理的2型糖尿病患者138例,完善基本信息采集、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)等相关检查,进行Morisliy服药依从性量表(8-item Morisky medication adherence scale,MMAS-8)问卷调查,分析服药依从性高(A组)、中(B组)、低(C组)3组的HbAlc等指标水平,并进行统计学分析。结果A组病例数占22.5%,B组占44.9%,C组占32.6%。2组间的尿白蛋白肌酐比(UACR)、HbA1c、血肌酐差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐水平低于B组、C组患者,UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐与用药依从率存在相关性,呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论昆明市官渡社区、小板桥2社区2型糖尿病慢病管理患者服药依从性高的患者比例仅为22.5%。依从性越高,患者UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐水平越低,两者之间存在相关性,提示应将服药的依从性作为社区糖尿病慢病管理中重点之一,并应加强对患者服药依从性的干预。

水蛭和黄连随证施量策略在糖尿病肾病治疗中的运用

糖尿病肾病是主要的糖尿病微血管并发症之一,该疾病早中期,患者常没有明显的临床症状,但会有蛋白尿,ACR升高等异常指标,因此在准确辨证基础上,应用针对降蛋白尿和降糖的中药水蛭和黄连,往往能获得较好的疗效。对于此类药物的剂量,要结合随证施量策略,选定调整剂量的指征,找准变量的时机,控制好药物用量的范围,才能在确保用药安全的基础上取得最佳疗效。

淋巴细胞与甘油三酯比值联合25(OH)D_(3)对糖尿病肾病早期诊断价值

目的探讨淋巴细胞(L)和甘油三酯(TG)比值(L/TG)联合25-羟维生素D_(3)[25(OH)D_(3)]对糖尿病肾病(DN)早期诊断价值。方法收集2020年9月至2022年3月204例DN患者为观察组,同时收集年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者101例为对照组,检测两组尿微量白蛋白与肌酐比值(UACR)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)、L、TG、25(OH)D_(3)水平;观察组以UACR和GFR为依据分为4个亚组,包括DN轻风险组、中风险组、重风险组、极重风险组。采用Logistic回归进行多因素分析;通过ROC曲线确定最优指标。结果观察组GFR、25(OH)D_(3)、L/TG低于对照组,UACR、TG高于对照组(P<0.05);L/TG与25(OH)D_(3)存在相关性和一致性(r=0.16,P<0.001);DN轻风险组、中风险组、重风险组、极重风险组L/TG、25(OH)D_(3)水平逐渐递减,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,L/TG、25(OH)D_(3)是DN晚期的独立保护因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示两者单独检测的效能比较无统计学意义,但两者联合检测(AUC=0.857,95%CI:0.801~0.902)敏感性和特异度均高于单项检测。结论L/TG、25(OH)D_(3)与DN密切相关,两者联合检测表现出较高的准确度,有助于疾病的早期预防。

Comparative efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus:A real-world experience

BACKGROUND Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2i)are a class of drugs with modest antidiabetic efficacy,weight loss effect,and cardiovascular benefits as proven by multiple randomised controlled trials(RCTs).However,real-world data on the comparative efficacy and safety of individual SGLT-2i medications is sparse.AIM To study the comparative efficacy and safety of SGLT-2i using real-world clinical data.METHODS We evaluated the comparative efficacy data of 3 SGLT-2i drugs(dapagliflozin,canagliflozin,and empagliflozin)used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Data on the reduction of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),body weight,blood pressure(BP),urine albumin creatinine ratio(ACR),and adverse effects were recorded retrospectively.RESULTS Data from 467 patients with a median age of 64(14.8)years,294(62.96%)males and 375(80.5%)Caucasians were analysed.Median diabetes duration was 16.0(9.0)years,and the duration of SGLT-2i use was 3.6(2.1)years.SGLT-2i molecules used were dapagliflozin 10 mg(n=227;48.6%),canagliflozin 300 mg(n=160;34.3%),and empagliflozin 25 mg(n=80;17.1).Baseline median(interquartile range)HbA1c in mmol/mol were:dapagliflozin-78.0(25.3),canagliflozin-80.0(25.5),and empagliflozin-75.0(23.5)respectively.The respective median HbA1c reduction at 12 months and the latest review(just prior to the study)were:66.5(22.8)&69.0(24.0),67.0(16.3)&66.0(28.0),and 67.0(22.5)&66.5(25.8)respectively(P<0.001 for all comparisons from baseline).Significant improvements in body weight(in kilograms)from baseline to study end were noticed with dapagliflozin-101(29.5)to 92.2(25.6),and canagliflozin 100(28.3)to 95.3(27.5)only.Significant reductions in median systolic and diastolic BP,from 144(21)mmHg to 139(23)mmHg;(P=0.015),and from 82(16)mmHg to 78(19)mmHg;(P<0.001)respectively were also observed.A significant reduction of microalbuminuria was observed with canagliflozin only[ACR 14.6(42.6)at baseline to 8.9(23.7)at the study end;P=0.043].Adverse effects of SGLT-2i were as follows:genital thrush and urinary infection-20(8.8%)&17(7.5%)with dapagliflozin;9(5.6%)&5(3.13%)with canagliflozin;and 4(5%)&4(5%)with empagliflozin.Diabetic ketoacidosis was observed in 4(1.8%)with dapagliflozin and 1(0.63%)with canagliflozin.CONCLUSION Treatment of patients with SGLT-2i is associated with statistically significant reductions in HbA1c,body weight,and better than those reported in RCTs,with low side effect profiles.A review of large-scale real-world data is needed to inform better clinical practice decision making.

血清C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值、尿基质金属蛋白-7及微量白蛋白对髋关节置换术后假体感染的预测价值

目的:分析血清C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值(CRP/ALB)、尿基质金属蛋白-7(MMP-7)及微量白蛋白(MA)对髋关节置换术后假体感染的预测价值。方法:纳入髋关节置换手术患者共187例为研究对象,随访患者90 d的感染情况,其中28例术后假体感染患者设为感染组,159例未感染患者设为对照组。对2组患者资料进行单因素分析,对有统计学意义的因素行Logistic多因素分析,分析髋关节置换术后假体感染的危险因素,并分析CRP/ALB、MMP-7、MA对髋关节置换术后假体感染的预测价值。结果:感染组患者BMI水平、患部手术史发生率、手术时间、术后第1天引流量、术后总引流量、住院时间、激素使用史发生率、低蛋白血症、贫血、白细胞尿、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、CRP/ALB水平、MMP-7水平、MA水平、免疫抑制剂使用史发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic分析结果显示,CRP/ALB≥2.5、MMP-7≥22μg·g^(-1)、MA≥15 mg·L^(-1)均为髋关节置换术后假体感染的危险因素(P<0.05);CRP/ALB、MMP-7、MA对髋关节置换术后假体感染均有一定的预测价值,但三项联合的预测价值高于其他单项预测。结论:CRP/ALB≥2.5、MMP-7≥22μg·g^(-1)、MA≥15 mg·L^(-1)均为髋关节置换术后假体感染的危险因素,且三者联合应用对髋关节置换术后假体感染有较佳的预测价值。

床旁检验半定量尿液清蛋白、肌酐及尿液清蛋白/肌酐比值对糖尿病肾病的早期筛查分析

目的 分析半定量尿液清蛋白(Albumin, ALB)、肌酐(Creatinine, Cr)及ALB/Cr比值(Albumin Creatinine Ratio, ACR)、尿糖(Urine Glucose, UGLU)对糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Nephropathy, DN)的早期筛查效果。方法 选取2019年4月—2022年12月泉州医学高等专科学校附属人民医院收治的70例DN患者为A组,另选取同期50例健康体检者为B组,分析两组ALB、Cr、ACR、UGLU水平及半定量测定ALB、Cr、ACR、UGLU的价值。结果 A组ALB、Cr、ACR、UGLU水平均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。半定量测定ACR灵敏度94.29%(66/70)、特异度92.00%(46/50)、准确度93.33%(112/120)、阳性预测值94.29%(66/70)、阴性预测值92.00%(46/50);Cr灵敏度84.29%(59/70)、特异度84.00%(42/50)、准确度84.17%(101/120)、阳性预测值88.06%(59/67)、阴性预测值79.25%(42/53);ALB灵敏度80.00%(56/70)、特异度76.00%(38/50)、准确度78.33%(94/120)、阳性预测值82.35%(56/68)、阴性预测值73.08%(38/52);UGLU灵敏度85.71%(60/70)、特异度80.00%(40/50)、准确度83.33%(100/120)、阳性预测值85.71%(60/70)、阴性预测值80.00%(40/50)。结论 ALB、Cr、ACR、UGLU在早期DN患者中有较高的诊断价值,且半定量ACR对早期DN诊断符合率较高,可为今后研究提供理论性支撑。

β_(2)微球蛋白、血清胱抑素与尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的分析β_(2)微球蛋白(β_(2)-microglobulin,β_(2)-MG)、血清胱抑素(cystatin C,CysC)与尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(Albumin-to-creatinine Ratio,ACR)在早期糖尿病肾病诊断中的诊断价值。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月江苏省灌云县中医院检验科收治的46例单纯糖尿病为观察A组,54例糖尿病肾病患者为观察B组,并以同时期到本院体检的56例体检者为对照组,均测定β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR水平,分析其在早期糖尿病肾病中的诊断效果。结果观察组β_(2)-MG为(3.56±0.42)mg/L、CysC为(1.23±0.38)mg/L与ACR为(70.24±43.73)mg/g高于对照组的(2.11±0.41)mg/L、(0.61±0.21)mg/L、(10.65±7.55)mg/g,差异有统计学意义(t=20.861、11.273、10.100,P均<0.05)。观察B组β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR水平高于观察A组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。联合检测的灵敏度、特异度及准确度高于β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR单一检测,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR指标可作为早期糖尿病肾病患者诊断的敏感指标,对患者病情诊断、治疗方案拟定及预后评估有重要意义。

度拉糖肽联合甘精胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病患者的疗效观察

目的探讨度拉糖肽联合甘精胰岛素对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢、胰岛功能、氧化应激、骨代谢指标的影响。方法将98例2型糖尿病患者随机分为甘精胰岛素组和联合组,每组49例。甘精胰岛素组使用甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗,联合组使用度拉糖肽、甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗。比较2组患者治疗前后血糖、血脂、胰岛功能指标水平;采用酶标分析仪检测氧化应激指标水平;采用免疫透射比浊法检测骨代谢指标;计算2组尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(UACR),比较2组治疗效果。结果治疗后,联合组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平均低于甘精胰岛素组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平低于甘精胰岛素组,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平高于甘精胰岛素组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-IS)高于甘精胰岛素组,胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)低于甘精胰岛素组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组过氧化氢酶(CAT)、骨钙素(OC)水平高于甘精胰岛素组,过氧化脂质(LPO)、β-胶原降解产物(β-CTX)水平低于甘精胰岛素组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组UACR水平为(33.26±3.37)mg/g,高于甘精胰岛素组的(25.49±2.83)mg/g,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组治疗总有效率为93.88%,高于甘精胰岛素组的79.59%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论度拉糖肽联合甘精胰岛素能够有效调节2型糖尿病患者血糖及血脂水平,改善患者胰岛功能,减轻氧化应激反应,改善骨代谢,调节UACR水平。

达格列净联合维格列汀治疗老年糖尿病肾病患者的效果

目的探讨达格列净联合维格列汀治疗老年糖尿病肾病(DN)患者的效果及对尿蛋白与肌酐比值(uPCR)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和血清内皮素-1(ET-1)水平的影响。方法选取98例老年DN患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,各49例,对照组接受维格列汀治疗,观察组接受达格列净联合维格列汀治疗,观察两组治疗前及治疗12周的血糖[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、肾功能(uPCR、eGFR)、血清血管内皮功能指标[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血管生成素1(Ang1)、ET-1]及其他血清生化指标[转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)]水平变化。结果治疗12周后,两组FBG、2 h PG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、uPCR水平低于治疗前(P<0.05),eGFR水平高于治疗前(P<0.05),两组血清VEGF、Ang1、ET-l、TGF-β1及TIMP-1水平低于治疗前(P<0.05),血清MMP-9水平高于治疗前(P<0.05),以上指标观察组的变化幅度大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论达格列净联合维格列汀能有效控制老年DN患者的血糖水平,改善胰岛β细胞功能和肾功能,抑制血清ET-1等血管内皮功能指标和TGF-β1、TIMP-1水平,并可上调MMP-9水平。

血浆NGAL、尿NAG及尿RBP在诊断早期糖尿病肾脏疾病中的价值

目的探讨血浆中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)在诊断早期糖尿病肾脏疾病(DKD)中的价值。方法选取2021年5月至2023年3月在上海市浦东新区公利医院内分泌科确诊的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者227例作为研究对象,根据尿微量清蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)进一步分为正常蛋白尿(NA)组、微量蛋白尿(MA)组、大量蛋白尿(HA)组,选取88例体检健康者作为对照组。检测各组UACR、NGAL、NAG、RBP、血糖、肾功能水平。分析NGAL、NAG、RBP水平与DKD的相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各项指标诊断早期DKD的价值。结果根据UACR水平分组,NA组97例,MA组73例,HA组57例。NA组、MA组和HA组的NGAL、NAG、RBP水平高于对照组,并且HA组>MA组>NA组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析发现,NGAL、NAG、RBP水平与UACR、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、光抑素C(CysC)均呈正相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,NGAL、NAG、RBP及三者联合检测诊断DKD的曲线下面积(AUC)依次为0.854、0.788、0.830、0.929;单项检测时NGAL的灵敏度(82.3%)较高,NGAL、NAG和RBP联合检测时诊断效能最大(AUC=0.929)。结论血浆NGAL、尿NAG、尿RBP水平与DKD患者肾脏损伤程度密切相关。三者联合检测可发挥其最大诊断效能,为早期DKD的诊断提供新的方法。