The correlation of spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio with 24-h urinary protein excretion in various glomerulopathies

BACKGROUND Proteinuria is an important and well-known biomarker of many forms of kidney injury.Its quantitation is of particular importance in the diagnosis and management of glomerular diseases.Its quantification can be done by several methods.Among these,the measurement of 24-h urinary protein excretion is the gold standard method.However,it is cumbersome,time-consuming,and inconvenient for patients and is not completely foolproof.Many alternative methods have been tested over time albeit with conflicting results.Among the latter,the measurement of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio(uPCR)in singlevoided urinary samples is widely used.The majority of studies found a good correlation between uPCR in single urine samples with 24-h urinary protein estimation,whereas others did not.AIM To investigate the correlation of spot uPCR with 24-h urinary protein estimation in patients suffering from different forms of glomerulopathies at a single largevolume nephrological center in Pakistan.METHODS This cross-sectional,observational study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan from September 2017 to March 2018.All newly presenting adult patients with proteinuria who were being investigated for suspected glomerulonephritis and persistent proteinuria with ages between 18 to 60 years were enrolled.All patients were given detailed advice regarding 24-h urine collection starting at 7:00 AM for total protein and creatinine excretion estimations.A spot urine sample was collected the next day at the time of submission of a 24-h urine sample for measuring uPCR along with a blood sample.The data of patients were collected in a proforma.SPSS version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS A total of 157 patients were included.Their mean age was 30.45±12.11 years.There were 94(59.8%)males and 63(40.2%)females.The mean 24-h urinary protein excretion was 3192.78±1959.79 mg and the mean spot uPCR was 3.16±1.52 in all patients.A weak but significant correlation was observed between spot uPCR and 24-h urinary protein excretion(r=0.342,P=0.01)among all patients.On subgroup analysis,a slightly better correlation was found in patients older than 47 years(r=0.78),and those with body mass index>25 kg/m2(r=0.45).The Bland and Altman's plot analysis comparing the differences between spot uPCR and 24-h protein measurement also showed a wide range of the limits of agreement between the two methods.CONCLUSION Overall,the results from this study showed a significant and weakly positive correlation between spot uPCR and 24-h urinary protein estimation in different forms of glomerulopathies.The agreement between the two methods was also poor.Hence,there is a need for careful interpretation of the ratio in an unselected group of patients with kidney disease.

Value of Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Prognosis of Surgically Resectable Urinary Cancers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective Accumulated evidence has suggested that there is a close association between preoperative neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and prognosis of various malignant tumors.However,the relationship between NLR and surgically resectable urinary cancers remains contradictory.Therefore,we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore whether preoperative NLR could predict the prognosis of surgically resectable urinary cancers.Methods After searching the Embase,PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane databases and screening the articles,we finally included 25 studies involving 15950 patients.Hazard ratios(HRs)and their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were extracted to assess the association between preoperative NLR and the overall survival(OS)and cancerspecific survival(CSS)of surgically resectable urinary cancers.Results The pooled results revealed that an elevated preoperative NLR could predict a worse OS(HR=1.40,95%CI:1.26–1.54,P<0.001)and CSS(HR=1.43,95%CI:1.27–1.59,P<0.001)in urinary cancers.In addition,our analyses also suggested that high preoperative NLR was associated with worse prognosis in renal cell carcinoma(OS:HR=2.06,95%CI:1.54–2.76,P=0.131;CSS:HR=2.46,95%CI:1.46–4.16,P=0.178),upper tract urothelial carcinoma(OS:HR=1.91,95%CI:1.50–2.42,P=0.616;CSS:HR=1.84,95%CI:1.41–2.39,P=0.001),bladder cancer(OS:HR=1.09,95%CI:1.02–1.17,P<0.001;CSS:HR=1.05,95%CI:1.01–1.09,P=0.163)and prostate cancer(OS:HR=1.69,95%CI:1.19–2.41,P=0.714).Regardless of the participants’race or the cutoff value of the preoperative NLR,the results remained valid.Conclusion Elevated preoperative NLR could predict a worse prognosis in surgically resectable urinary cancers,namely,renal cell carcinoma,bladder cancer,prostate cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Urine microscopy and neutrophilelymphocyte ratio are early predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with urinary tract infection

Objective:Urinary tract infection(UTI)is a common cause of morbidity and hospitalisation in the population worldwide.Upper UTI is indolent and causes subclinical acute kidney injury(AKI)resulting in preventable cause of scarring of renal parenchyma.We explored urinary and serum levels of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),haematological parameters and quantitative urine microscopy parameters to predict kidney injury.Methods:Neutrophilelymphocyte ratio(NLR)is obtained by dividing absolute neutrophil count with absolute lymphocyte count.Quantitative urine sediment microscopy was performed and correlated with clinical,biochemical and haematological findings to predict AKI in patients with UTI.Quantitative ELISA was performed for serum and urine levels of KIM-1.Seventy two adult patients with UTI were enrolled,45 of whom had AKI while 27 were in the non-AKI group.Results:NLR(p=0.005)and renal tubular epithelial cell-granular cast score in quantitative urine microscopy(p=0.008)are strong predictors of AKI in patients with UTI while rest of quantitative urine microscopy parameters and serum and urinary levels of KIM-1 molecule were not found to be useful in prediction of AKI.Conclusion:NLR in haemogram is a novel and useful biomarker for predicting AKI in patients with UTI.

Determination of upper reference value of urinary calcium-creatinine ratio for the paediatric population in Burdwan district

To estimate the rate of excretion of urinary calcium, a 24-hour sample of urine is required and this is not always easy to collect accurately in infant and children. So, random urine calcium to creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr ratio) has been developed. But as the ratio varies worldwide, reference values of the parameter in paediatric population are not developed. To determine reference value, the present study was conducted in healthy paediatric population in Burdwan district, West Bengal. This study was performed on 693 healthy paediatric subjects, aged between 3 months to 18 years and divided into five groups. Early morning non-fasting urine samples from all study groups were analyzed for Ca/Cr ratio. A negative correlation was observed between age and urinary Ca/Cr ratio, but there was no significant difference of urinary Ca/Cr ratio between two sexes. Considering 97.5th percentile of the underlying distribution of values as the upper limit of reference range, upper reference values of urinary Ca/Cr ratio for age groups

尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值、尿视黄醇结合蛋白及尿β2微球蛋白联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(ACR)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)及尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。方法 对2022年1月—2023年6月本院收治的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者200例临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据是否有糖尿病肾病分为肾病组(100例)、单纯糖尿病(DM)组(100例),均接受ACR、RBP及β2-MG联合检测,对检测结果进行分析。结果 肾病组ACR、RBP、β2-MG水平与单纯糖尿病组比较有明显差异(P<0.05);肾病组患者不同Mogensen分期患者的尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、尿视黄醇及尿β2微球蛋白水平比较有明显差异(P<0.05);单项检测的诊断特异度、灵敏度明显较联合检测低(P<0.05)。结论 ACR、RBP、β2-MG联合检测对糖尿病肾病具有较高的检测价值,在出现早期肾损伤时即可检出,也有助于评估肾病程度,为临床制定治疗方案提供参考依据。

半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C与糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys C)与糖尿病肾病(DKD)的相关性。方法收集2019年1月至12月陕西省人民医院内分泌科住院的122例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床资料,按尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(UACR)分为单纯糖尿病(DM)组(UACR<30 mg/g,89例)、DKD组(UACR≥30 mg/g,33例)。比较两组临床资料,采用logistic回归分析T2DM患者发生DKD的危险因素,绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评价Cys C对DKD的预测价值。结果DKD组收缩压、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、球蛋白、血清肌酐、尿微量白蛋白、尿α_(1)微球蛋白、UACR、Cys C均高于单纯DM组,病程长于单纯DM组(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,Cys C是DKD的危险因素(OR=28.369,95%CI:1.208~666.129,P=0.038)。ROC曲线分析显示,Cys C预测DKD的曲线下面积为0.757(P<0.05)。结论Cys C与T2DM合并DKD密切相关,检测Cys C可用于评估DKD病情进展。

水蛭和黄连随证施量策略在糖尿病肾病治疗中的运用

糖尿病肾病是主要的糖尿病微血管并发症之一,该疾病早中期,患者常没有明显的临床症状,但会有蛋白尿,ACR升高等异常指标,因此在准确辨证基础上,应用针对降蛋白尿和降糖的中药水蛭和黄连,往往能获得较好的疗效。对于此类药物的剂量,要结合随证施量策略,选定调整剂量的指征,找准变量的时机,控制好药物用量的范围,才能在确保用药安全的基础上取得最佳疗效。

昆明市2社区2型糖尿病慢病管理患者服药依从性对病情控制的影响

目的分析昆明市2社区2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2DM)慢病管理患者服药依从性对病情控制的影响。方法选取2021年12月至2022年7月昆明市官渡、小板桥2个社区纳入慢病管理的2型糖尿病患者138例,完善基本信息采集、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)等相关检查,进行Morisliy服药依从性量表(8-item Morisky medication adherence scale,MMAS-8)问卷调查,分析服药依从性高(A组)、中(B组)、低(C组)3组的HbAlc等指标水平,并进行统计学分析。结果A组病例数占22.5%,B组占44.9%,C组占32.6%。2组间的尿白蛋白肌酐比(UACR)、HbA1c、血肌酐差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐水平低于B组、C组患者,UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐与用药依从率存在相关性,呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论昆明市官渡社区、小板桥2社区2型糖尿病慢病管理患者服药依从性高的患者比例仅为22.5%。依从性越高,患者UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐水平越低,两者之间存在相关性,提示应将服药的依从性作为社区糖尿病慢病管理中重点之一,并应加强对患者服药依从性的干预。

上尿路结石术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染列线图风险预测模型的构建

目的:探讨上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的危险因素,并构建其列线图风险预测模型。方法:回顾性收集2020年7月-2022年6月某三级甲等综合医院收治的216例上尿路结石并留置双J管病人,根据双J管相关性尿路感染的发病情况将其分为感染组与非感染组,采用单因素分析、Logistic回归分析上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的危险因素,构建列线图风险预测模型并评价该模型的实际效用。结果:上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染29例(13.43%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并糖尿病、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和肾积水程度是上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的独立危险因素。列线图风险预测模型内部验证结果显示,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验χ^(2)=6.981,P=0.639,ROC曲线下面积为0.853[95%CI(0.774,0.934)]。结论:构建的列线图风险预测模型具有良好的预警作用,为医护人员早期识别上尿路结石术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的高危人群,及时采取有效的预防措施降低感染率提供依据。

2型糖尿病肾病患者尿白蛋白肌酐比与视网膜微循环参数的相关性研究

目的研究2型糖尿病肾病患者尿白蛋白肌酐比(Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio,UACR)和视网膜微循环各项参数的相关性。方法选取2022年3—12月苏州大学附属第三医院及苏州大学附属常州老年病医院收治的95例2型糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象。根据UACR水平分为U1组(UACR<10 mg/g,28例,28眼)、U2组(UACR:10~30 mg/g,46例,46眼)、U3组(UACR:30~300 mg/g,21例,21眼)。利用光学相干断层成像,测量3组患者黄斑中心凹区和旁中心凹区浅层毛细血管丛血流密度(Superficial Capillary Plexus Vessel Den⁃sity,SCP-VD)、深层毛细血管丛血流密度(Deep Capillary Plexus Vessel Density,DCP-VD)、中心凹无血管区(Foveal Avascular Zone,FAZ)面积与周长,观察指标差异,分析指标与UACR相关性。结果3组患者中心凹区SCP-VD、旁中心凹区SCP-VD、中心凹区DCP-VD、旁中心凹区DCP-VD、FAZ面积比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);3组患者FAZ周长比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);UACR与中心凹区SCP-VD、旁中心凹区SCP-VD、中心凹区DCP-VD、旁中心凹区DCP-VD负相关(r=-0.410、-0.689、-0.545、-0.627,P均<0.05),与FAZ面积正相关(r=0.463,P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者UACR与中心凹区SCP-VD、旁中心凹区SCP-VD、中心凹区DCP-VD、旁中心凹区DCP-VD、FAZ面积存在相关性。OCTA视网膜微循环参数可作为糖尿病肾病损害程度的评估指标。

血清C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值、尿基质金属蛋白-7及微量白蛋白对髋关节置换术后假体感染的预测价值

目的:分析血清C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值(CRP/ALB)、尿基质金属蛋白-7(MMP-7)及微量白蛋白(MA)对髋关节置换术后假体感染的预测价值。方法:纳入髋关节置换手术患者共187例为研究对象,随访患者90 d的感染情况,其中28例术后假体感染患者设为感染组,159例未感染患者设为对照组。对2组患者资料进行单因素分析,对有统计学意义的因素行Logistic多因素分析,分析髋关节置换术后假体感染的危险因素,并分析CRP/ALB、MMP-7、MA对髋关节置换术后假体感染的预测价值。结果:感染组患者BMI水平、患部手术史发生率、手术时间、术后第1天引流量、术后总引流量、住院时间、激素使用史发生率、低蛋白血症、贫血、白细胞尿、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、CRP/ALB水平、MMP-7水平、MA水平、免疫抑制剂使用史发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic分析结果显示,CRP/ALB≥2.5、MMP-7≥22μg·g^(-1)、MA≥15 mg·L^(-1)均为髋关节置换术后假体感染的危险因素(P<0.05);CRP/ALB、MMP-7、MA对髋关节置换术后假体感染均有一定的预测价值,但三项联合的预测价值高于其他单项预测。结论:CRP/ALB≥2.5、MMP-7≥22μg·g^(-1)、MA≥15 mg·L^(-1)均为髋关节置换术后假体感染的危险因素,且三者联合应用对髋关节置换术后假体感染有较佳的预测价值。

淋巴细胞与甘油三酯比值联合25(OH)D_(3)对糖尿病肾病早期诊断价值

目的探讨淋巴细胞(L)和甘油三酯(TG)比值(L/TG)联合25-羟维生素D_(3)[25(OH)D_(3)]对糖尿病肾病(DN)早期诊断价值。方法收集2020年9月至2022年3月204例DN患者为观察组,同时收集年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者101例为对照组,检测两组尿微量白蛋白与肌酐比值(UACR)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)、L、TG、25(OH)D_(3)水平;观察组以UACR和GFR为依据分为4个亚组,包括DN轻风险组、中风险组、重风险组、极重风险组。采用Logistic回归进行多因素分析;通过ROC曲线确定最优指标。结果观察组GFR、25(OH)D_(3)、L/TG低于对照组,UACR、TG高于对照组(P<0.05);L/TG与25(OH)D_(3)存在相关性和一致性(r=0.16,P<0.001);DN轻风险组、中风险组、重风险组、极重风险组L/TG、25(OH)D_(3)水平逐渐递减,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,L/TG、25(OH)D_(3)是DN晚期的独立保护因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示两者单独检测的效能比较无统计学意义,但两者联合检测(AUC=0.857,95%CI:0.801~0.902)敏感性和特异度均高于单项检测。结论L/TG、25(OH)D_(3)与DN密切相关,两者联合检测表现出较高的准确度,有助于疾病的早期预防。

β_(2)微球蛋白、血清胱抑素与尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的分析β_(2)微球蛋白(β_(2)-microglobulin,β_(2)-MG)、血清胱抑素(cystatin C,CysC)与尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(Albumin-to-creatinine Ratio,ACR)在早期糖尿病肾病诊断中的诊断价值。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月江苏省灌云县中医院检验科收治的46例单纯糖尿病为观察A组,54例糖尿病肾病患者为观察B组,并以同时期到本院体检的56例体检者为对照组,均测定β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR水平,分析其在早期糖尿病肾病中的诊断效果。结果观察组β_(2)-MG为(3.56±0.42)mg/L、CysC为(1.23±0.38)mg/L与ACR为(70.24±43.73)mg/g高于对照组的(2.11±0.41)mg/L、(0.61±0.21)mg/L、(10.65±7.55)mg/g,差异有统计学意义(t=20.861、11.273、10.100,P均<0.05)。观察B组β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR水平高于观察A组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。联合检测的灵敏度、特异度及准确度高于β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR单一检测,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR指标可作为早期糖尿病肾病患者诊断的敏感指标,对患者病情诊断、治疗方案拟定及预后评估有重要意义。

达格列净联合维格列汀治疗老年糖尿病肾病患者的效果

目的探讨达格列净联合维格列汀治疗老年糖尿病肾病(DN)患者的效果及对尿蛋白与肌酐比值(uPCR)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和血清内皮素-1(ET-1)水平的影响。方法选取98例老年DN患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,各49例,对照组接受维格列汀治疗,观察组接受达格列净联合维格列汀治疗,观察两组治疗前及治疗12周的血糖[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、肾功能(uPCR、eGFR)、血清血管内皮功能指标[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血管生成素1(Ang1)、ET-1]及其他血清生化指标[转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)]水平变化。结果治疗12周后,两组FBG、2 h PG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、uPCR水平低于治疗前(P<0.05),eGFR水平高于治疗前(P<0.05),两组血清VEGF、Ang1、ET-l、TGF-β1及TIMP-1水平低于治疗前(P<0.05),血清MMP-9水平高于治疗前(P<0.05),以上指标观察组的变化幅度大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论达格列净联合维格列汀能有效控制老年DN患者的血糖水平,改善胰岛β细胞功能和肾功能,抑制血清ET-1等血管内皮功能指标和TGF-β1、TIMP-1水平,并可上调MMP-9水平。

度拉糖肽联合甘精胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病患者的疗效观察

目的探讨度拉糖肽联合甘精胰岛素对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢、胰岛功能、氧化应激、骨代谢指标的影响。方法将98例2型糖尿病患者随机分为甘精胰岛素组和联合组,每组49例。甘精胰岛素组使用甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗,联合组使用度拉糖肽、甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗。比较2组患者治疗前后血糖、血脂、胰岛功能指标水平;采用酶标分析仪检测氧化应激指标水平;采用免疫透射比浊法检测骨代谢指标;计算2组尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(UACR),比较2组治疗效果。结果治疗后,联合组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平均低于甘精胰岛素组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平低于甘精胰岛素组,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平高于甘精胰岛素组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-IS)高于甘精胰岛素组,胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)低于甘精胰岛素组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组过氧化氢酶(CAT)、骨钙素(OC)水平高于甘精胰岛素组,过氧化脂质(LPO)、β-胶原降解产物(β-CTX)水平低于甘精胰岛素组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组UACR水平为(33.26±3.37)mg/g,高于甘精胰岛素组的(25.49±2.83)mg/g,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组治疗总有效率为93.88%,高于甘精胰岛素组的79.59%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论度拉糖肽联合甘精胰岛素能够有效调节2型糖尿病患者血糖及血脂水平,改善患者胰岛功能,减轻氧化应激反应,改善骨代谢,调节UACR水平。

血浆NGAL、尿NAG及尿RBP在诊断早期糖尿病肾脏疾病中的价值

目的探讨血浆中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)在诊断早期糖尿病肾脏疾病(DKD)中的价值。方法选取2021年5月至2023年3月在上海市浦东新区公利医院内分泌科确诊的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者227例作为研究对象,根据尿微量清蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)进一步分为正常蛋白尿(NA)组、微量蛋白尿(MA)组、大量蛋白尿(HA)组,选取88例体检健康者作为对照组。检测各组UACR、NGAL、NAG、RBP、血糖、肾功能水平。分析NGAL、NAG、RBP水平与DKD的相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各项指标诊断早期DKD的价值。结果根据UACR水平分组,NA组97例,MA组73例,HA组57例。NA组、MA组和HA组的NGAL、NAG、RBP水平高于对照组,并且HA组>MA组>NA组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析发现,NGAL、NAG、RBP水平与UACR、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、光抑素C(CysC)均呈正相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,NGAL、NAG、RBP及三者联合检测诊断DKD的曲线下面积(AUC)依次为0.854、0.788、0.830、0.929;单项检测时NGAL的灵敏度(82.3%)较高,NGAL、NAG和RBP联合检测时诊断效能最大(AUC=0.929)。结论血浆NGAL、尿NAG、尿RBP水平与DKD患者肾脏损伤程度密切相关。三者联合检测可发挥其最大诊断效能,为早期DKD的诊断提供新的方法。

输尿管镜碎石术后发热性尿路感染危险因素及血清β防御素2高迁移率族蛋白B1 Toll样受体4早期预测价值

目的 探讨泌尿结石疾病采取输尿管镜碎石术治疗术后发生发热性尿路感染的相关危险因素,观察血清β防御素2、高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)以及Toll样受体4(TLR4)对早期预测尿路感染的价值。方法 回顾性分析122例行输尿管镜碎石术治疗者的临床资料,根据术后是否发生发热性尿路感染分成感染组与未感染组,记录患者资料,分析危险因素,此外采集2组血液分离血清,测定血清β防御素2、HMGB1、TLR4水平。结果 术后35例(28.7%)发生发热性尿路感染,多因素分析显示年龄≥60岁、手术时间≥60 min、泌尿道手术史、合并糖尿病、导尿管留置时间≥72 h、住院时间≥7 d均是输尿管镜碎石术患者术后发热性尿路感染独立危险因素(P=0.023、0.014、0.016、0.019、0.008、0.011,OR值=2.154、3.021、2.451、2.331、2.025、2.415);感染组血清β防御素2、HMGB1、TLR4检测水平高于未感染组(t=10.48、28.47、22.86,P<0.05)。结论 输尿管镜碎石术,年龄、手术时间、泌尿手术室、合并糖尿管、导尿管留置与住院时间为术后发热性尿路感染的相关危险因素,需加强防范,术后通过检测血清β防御素2、HMGB1、TLR4水平对早期预测感染价值突出,值得推广。

Urinary trypsinogen-2 for diagnosing acute pancreatitis:a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Currently, serum amylase and lipase are the most popular laboratory markers for early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Urinary trypsinogen-2 (UT-2) has been increasingly used but its clinical value for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis has not yet been systematically assessed. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search was carried out using PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and Web of Science for clinical trials, which studied the usefulness of UT-2 as a diagnostic marker for acute pancreatitis. Sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each study and were compared with serum amylase and lipase. Summary receiver-operating curves were conducted and the area under the curve (AUC) was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 18 studies were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of UT-2 for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were 80% and 92%, respectively (AUC=0.96, DOR=65.63, 95% CI: 31.65-139.09). The diagnostic value of UT-2 was comparable to serum amylase but was weaker than serum lipase. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of post-ERCP pancreatitis were 86% and 94%, respectively (AUC=0.92, DOR=77.68, 95% CI: 24.99-241.48).CONCLUSIONS: UT-2 as a rapid test could be potentially used for the diagnosis of post-ERCP pancreatitis and to an extent, acute pancreatitis. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results.

CHANGES OF URINARY HYDROXYPROLINE IN FRACTURE PATIENTS

Fifteen cases of fresh fractures have been studied, including 14 cases of tubu-lar bone fractures with age from 28 to 60 years and one case of vertebral fracture ofdorsolumbar region, 16 years of age. There were 13 male and 2 female patients. Theyhad no endocrine disturbances or other bone diseases. The ratio ofhydroxyproline/creatinine (HP/Cr) in these cases increased gradually within 20-30 daysafter fracture and then reached the peak value which was about 3-4 times of normal, thepeak value maintained for a long time. If the trauma was mild or the patient was young,the peak began to decline on the 60th day after fracture. While in those severe cases withprolonged confinement to bed, the peak only began to come down about 110th dayafter fracture. The ratio of HP/Cr decreased rapidly from the peak at first, then pursueda slow course. Generally, the ratio of HP/Cr returned to normal on the 240th to 310thday. Bone union began at a time when peak value started to decline, and with completionof the remodelling process, the HP/Cr value returned to normal.

二甲双胍联合达格列净对超重2型糖尿病患者早期糖尿病肾病及胰岛功能的影响

目的分析二甲双胍联合达格列净对超重2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者早期糖尿病肾病(DKD)及胰岛功能的影响。方法选取2020年7月至2022年1月就诊该院的69例超重T2DM患者进行研究,随机分为研究组(二甲双胍联合达格列净)和对照组(单用二甲双胍),治疗周期24周,比较两组治疗前后尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比(UACR)及胰岛功能的变化。结果治疗前,两组体质量、BMI、HbA1c、FPG、FINS、FCP、SCr、SUA、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、UACR、SBP、DBP指标相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗24周后,研究组患者体质量、BMI、HbA1c、FPG、UACR、胰岛素抵抗指数较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组空腹胰岛素(FINS)、稳态胰岛β细胞分泌功能指数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论二甲双胍联合达格列净治疗超重T2DM患者,可明显降低血糖,减少UACR、改善胰岛β细胞功能,联合用药效果好,不良反应发生率低,对早期DKD有改善作用,值得临床推广使用。