Hepatoprotective effects of Nigella sativa L and Urtica dioica L on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and liver enzymes in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats

AIM： To investigate the effects of Nigella sativa 1 （NS） and Urtica dioica 1 （UD） on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and liver enzymes in CCl4-treated rats. METHODS： Fifty-six healthy male Wistar albino rats were used in this study. The rats were randomly allotted into one of the four experimental groups： A （CCl4-only treated）, B （CCl4＋UD treated）, C （CCl4＋NS treated） and D （CCl4＋UD＋NS treated）, each containing 14 animals. All groups received CCl4 （0.8 mL/kg of body weight, sc, twice a week for 60 d）. In addition, B, C and D groups also received daily i.p. injections of 0.2 mL/kg NS or/and 2 mL/kg UD oils for 60 d. Group A, on the other hand, received only 2 mL/kg normal saline solution for 60 d. Blood samples for the biochemical analysis were taken by cardiac puncture from randomly chosen-seven rats in each treatment group at beginning and on the 60th d of the experiment. RESULTS： The CCl4 treatment for 60 d increased the lipid peroxidation and liver enzymes, and also decreased the antioxidant enzyme levels. NS or UD treatment （alone or combination） for 60 d decreased the elevated lipid peroxidation and liver enzyme levels and also increased the reduced antioxidant enzyme levels. The weight of rats decreased in group A, and increased in groups B, C and D. CONCLUSION： NS and UD decrease the lipid peroxidation and liver enzymes, and increase the antioxidant defense system activity in the CCl4-treated rats.

Estimation of Some Plant Secondary Products in Urtica dioica L., Viola odorata L. and Melissa officinalis L. Naturally Grown in Hawraman-Kurdistan Region of Iraq

The plant aerial parts of three species, Urtica dioica L., Viola odorata L. and Melissa officinalis L. were collected at randomly-different locations, according to altitudes in May 2010. The aerial parts of Urtica were collected within three replications from different locations： Biare 1,090 masl （meters above sea level）, Tawile 1,450 masl and Awiser 1,680 masl. The aerial parts of Viola and Melissa were collected randomly within three replications at different locations： Biare 1,090 masl, Degashikhan 1,250 masl and Tawile 1,450 masl. The extracts of the aerial parts of these species were purified by filtrations for several times in preparation for HPLC analyses. The chromatograms of Urtica indicated the presence of five major important alkaloid components （fragrine, benzylisoquinoline, scopoletin, glucoquinone and dotriacotaine） and ten major important phenolic compounds （formic acid, tannin, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, anthocyanine, quercetin, zeaxanthin, luetin epoxide, coumarine and vanillin）. All the concentrations of alkaloid and phenolic compounds were increased significantly due to higher altitudes, except that of alkaloid dotriacotaine. The chromatograms of Viola indicated the presence of four major important alkaloid components （violine, isoquinoline, cycloviolacin and luteolin-3-glucoronide） and ten major important phenolic compounds （formic acid, tannin, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, anthocyanine, quercetin, zeaxanthin, luetin epoxide, coumarine and vanillin）. The results of the influence of altitudes showed that the concentrations of all alkaloids and phenolic compounds were increased significantly due to higher altitudes, except that of the alkaloid luteolin-3-glucoronide and the phenolic compounds zeaxanthin and luetin epoxide. The chromatograms of Melissa indicated the presence of five major essential oils （pinene, linalool, citronellol, geraniol and rosmarinic acid）. Their quantitative evaluations were influenced by altitudes indicating that the concentrations of all oils were increased significantly due to the higher altitude, except that of the pinene.

Antimicrobial Effectiveness on Selected Bacterial Species and Alkaloid and Saponin Content of <i>Rosa nutkana</i>C. Presl (Nootka Rose) and <i>Urtica dioica</i>L. (Stinging Nettle) Extracts

Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana C. Presl) and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin infection by Indigenous peoples of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The main objective of this study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy of extracts of Nootka rose and stinging nettle against the common pathogenic skin bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Indigenous science and standard methods of analysis. The Indigenous science method of plant extraction by steeping as advised by the Traditional Knowledge keeper was performed to examine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) by serial dilution and bacterial population counts. Soxhlet extractions and Kirby Bauer disc sensitivity testing showed that Nootka rose extracts possessed antibacterial effectiveness against all three bacterial species while stinging nettle extracts were effective against M. luteus. Results for MIC and MBC indicated antibacterial activity against M. luteus and S. aureus for the Nootka rose when using full-strength solutions;all three bacterial species exhibited growth when undiluted stinging nettle treatments were used. When considering bacterial population counts for S. aureus, results indicated that only the Nootka rose treatment offered effective inhibition. Chemical analysis showed that alkaloid percentage was greater in the stinging nettle (0.17%) than Nootka rose (0.07%), while saponin percentage was greater in the Nootka rose (0.87%) than stinging nettle (0.17%). Overall, Nootka rose showed a greater level of antibacterial effectiveness than stinging nettle by Indigenous and Western scientific methods of plant extract preparation.

HPLC法测定异株荨麻茎叶中绿原酸和黄酮类化合物

建立了一种可同时测定异株荨麻(Urtica dioica L.)茎叶中绿原酸和黄酮类化合物的高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为钻石C18柱,流动相为甲醇和0.4%磷酸混合液(体积比为55/45),检测波长355 nm,柱温25℃,流速1.0 mL/min。结果表明,本法简便、快速、有效、准确、重现性好,可用于异株荨麻茎叶中绿原酸和黄酮类成分的定量分析。

Suitability of Nettle Fiber for Textile Production

Nettle plants widely exist in China, but up to now there is no research regarding Chinese nettle fiber properties, especially about its spinnability. This paper has studied the properties of Chinese nettle fiber and its spinnability. The research results show that the average length of nettle fiber is about 34 mm, the nettle fiber fineness ranging from 0.589 to 0.769 tex. Nettle fiber has high breaking strength, low breaking extension and high initial modulus. Both the biochemical method and chemical method can meet the requirement of nettle degumming, with the residual being less than 4%. Nettle fiber can be utilised as textile material and can be spun in rotor-spinning machines after well degummed.

腈吡螨酯对扁豆二斑叶螨的田间药效及安全性评价

二斑叶螨是扁豆主要害虫之一,发生较重时可降低扁豆产量和品质。本研究评价了30%腈吡螨酯悬浮剂对扁豆二斑叶螨的田间药效及其对扁豆的安全性。田间使用有效成分量67.5、90、112.5 g/hm2,药后1 d三地的田间防效66.5%~85.9%、药后3 d 82.1%~92.3%、药后7 d 86.9%~95.2%、药后14 d 80.9%~96.1%,能有效防控扁豆二斑叶螨,具有较好的速效性和良好的持效性。作物安全性试验表明30%腈吡螨酯悬浮剂对扁豆安全。建议登记30%腈吡螨酯悬浮剂防治扁豆二斑叶螨,推荐使用有效成分量67.5~112.5 g/hm^(2)(制剂量15~25 mL/667m^(2)),于二斑叶螨发生初期施药1次。

遮荫对异株荨麻光合特性和荧光参数的影响

系统研究了全光照和不同程度的遮荫(43%,58%,73%,87%,97%)对异株荨麻光合特性和荧光参数的影响。结果表明,异株荨麻的光补偿点和光饱和点均较低,且随着遮荫程度的提高,其值以及暗呼吸速率均依次降低。净光合速率日变化曲线呈单峰型,光合速率高峰值和日平均光合速率均随着遮荫程度的提高而明显下降。蒸腾速率和气孔导度的日变化与光合速率的日变化趋势一致,遮荫对蒸腾作用和气孔导度均有显著的影响,随着遮荫程度的提高,蒸腾速率和气孔导度均显著下降。在各光照条件下,蒸腾速率与气孔导度呈显著正相关。蒸腾速率和气孔导度与光合速率的相关性随遮荫条件的不同而异,全光照条件下蒸腾速率与光合速率呈显著正相关,而所有遮荫条件下相关性不显著。气孔导度与光合速率在所有光照下相关性均不显著。各遮荫条件下叶片总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量均显著高于全光照的,且随遮荫程度的提高叶绿素含量呈上升趋势,而叶绿素a/b的值则随着遮荫程度的提高而下降。叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ内禀光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)和潜在活性(Fv/Fo)日变化呈单谷曲线。各遮荫条件下Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo值均高于全光照的,且随着遮荫程度的提高其值均依次增加。这说明,异株荨麻是一种耐荫性很强的植物,遮荫可使其降低光补偿点、光饱和点、净光合速率、暗呼吸速率以及叶绿素a/b,但增加总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量、光能利用率以及PSⅡ原初光能转化效率和潜在活性,以增强在弱光条件下的生长发育能力。

麻叶荨麻化学成分研究

对荨麻属植物麻叶荨麻(UrticacannabinaL .)化学成分进行初步研究,从其叶提取物的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部分分离得到3个化合物。经理化常数和波谱分析,分别鉴定为:β谷甾醇( βsitosterol,1) ,黄芩素 7 O αL 鼠李糖苷(scutellarein 7 O αL rhamnoside ,2 ) ,芹菜素 6 ,8 二 C βD 葡萄糖苷(apigenin 6 ,8 di C glycoside ,又名vicenin 2 ,3)。以上3个化合物均为首次由该种植物中获得。

添加剂对麻叶荨麻青贮发酵品质的影响

麻叶荨麻(Urtica cannabina L.)资源丰富,具有较高的营养价值。由于水分、灰分、蛋白质含量和缓冲能值较高,可溶性碳水化合物含量低,难以单独成功青贮。为探讨添加剂对其青贮发酵品质的影响,以MicromanagerH/M(MH)、Lalsil Fresh (LF)、青宝Ⅱ号(FS)、Lalsil Dry (LD)4种添加剂,每种设3个添加梯度,以不使用添加剂处理作为对照(Control),共13个处理,每个处理3次重复,室温袋贮60 d后取样分析。结果表明:添加MH、LF和FS不能快速降低pH,没有改善发酵品质;添加LD极显著降低了pH,能够明显促进乳酸发酵(P<0.01);所使用的添加剂均不能抑制蛋白质分解;添加不同剂量MH、LF和FS的青贮品质分别为5级、4级和4级,发酵品质较差;添加不同剂量的LD能够改善发酵品质,其中添加0.5 g/kg LD的效果最好。故乳酸菌制剂与纤维素酶或糖联合使用,可改善麻叶荨麻的青贮品质。

大荨麻根提取物对前列腺增生小鼠的治疗作用

目的观察大荨麻根提取物对前列腺增生的治疗作用。方法采用皮下注射丙酸睾酮制作小鼠前列腺增生模型,观察各组前列腺指数的变化及镜下病理学改变。结果大荨麻根提取物可明显降低前列腺增生小鼠的前列腺湿重,前列腺体积和前列腺指数,明显改善其组织形态学结构。结论大荨麻根提取物具有良好的抗前列腺增生作用。

7种杀螨剂对竹芋二斑叶螨的毒力及药效

针对观赏花卉竹芋上新近发生的二斑叶螨,测定了螺螨酯、乙螨唑、阿维菌素、哒螨酮、炔螨特、甲基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、联苯肼等7种杀螨剂对其室内毒力及田间药效。结果表明:室内毒力测定,螺螨酯、甲基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素、联苯肼酯、乙螨唑对雌成螨具有较强的毒杀作用,处理后24 h的LC50分别为5.97、6.38、10.07、14.67和32.42μg/m L;螺螨酯、阿维菌素、甲基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙螨唑对卵具有较强的毒杀作用,处理后24 h的LC50分别为2.77、3.06、7.30和26.89μg/m L。田间药效试验表明,联苯肼酯43%悬浮剂2000倍、哒螨灵15%乳油2000倍和乙螨唑110 g/L悬浮剂4000倍具有较好的效果,处理后21 d防效均达到100%。

内蒙古产麻叶荨麻嫩叶与嫩茎的营养成分研究

分析测定了内蒙古产麻叶荨麻的主要可食部位的营养成分。结果表明,其嫩叶和嫩茎含有粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、VB1、VB2、VB6、胡萝卜素、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu以及棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和17种氨基酸。其中,粗蛋白质、胡萝卜素、必需微量元素、不饱和脂肪酸、必需氨基酸的含量较高。麻叶荨麻可食部位的营养成分及其含量具备了优质蔬菜的特性。

3个种源异株荨麻光合特性的比较

在盆栽条件下以3个异株荨麻(Urtica dioica L.)种源为对象,用Li-6400型便携式光合作用测定系统对其叶片光合作用日变化、光响应曲线和CO2的响应曲线进行了比较测定,阐述了光合作用对光和CO2浓度的响应特征。结果表明:异株荨麻叶片的净光合速率(Pn)日变化均呈双峰曲线型,峰值在9:00和15:00,中午有明显的"午休"现象,Pn的降低主要是由非气孔因素所致;浙江天台县异株荨麻的Pn值明显高于其他2个种,表现出显著的高光合效率特性;不同种源异株荨麻的光合生理特性参数有显著差异:浙江天台县异株荨麻的光补偿点比其他2个种源的异株荨麻低,而光饱和点比另2个种源的高,说明其光能利用区间较宽;浙江天台县异株荨麻的CO2补偿点和饱和点都低于其他2个种源,异株荨麻在CO2饱和点以下,Pn随CO2浓度的增加呈线性增长,说明增大CO2浓度可大大提高光合生产力。

异株荨麻不同炮制品中总黄酮和多糖的含量分析

目的测定异株荨麻不同炮制品中总黄酮和多糖等两种有效成分的含量,探讨不同炮制方法存在的差异。方法分光光度计法。结果各炮制品中总黄酮含量按如下顺序减少:自然晾干荨麻>炒荨麻>105℃杀青晾干荨麻>220℃烘荨麻>焦荨麻>120℃烘荨麻>170℃烘荨麻。各炮制品中多糖含量按如下顺序减少:炒荨麻>170℃烘荨麻>220℃烘荨麻>自然晾干荨麻>120℃烘荨麻>焦荨麻>105℃杀青晾干荨麻。结论不同炮制方法能使异株荨麻中总黄酮和多糖含量产生变化。

异株荨麻茎叶中黄酮类化合物含量测定方法的研究

目的研究异株荨麻茎叶中黄酮类化合物的测定方法。方法分别采用Al(NO3)3络合分光光度法和HPLC法测定异株荨麻茎叶中黄酮类化合物的含量,并对测定结果进行比较;同时以黄酮类化合物的含量为指标,优选出了超声波辅助法提取异株荨麻茎叶中黄酮类化合物的最佳条件。结果超声波辅助法的最佳提取条件:体积分数为80%的乙醇溶液、料液比为1∶30,提取温度为60℃;HPLC法同时测定异株荨麻中芦丁和槲皮素的高效液相色谱条件:色谱柱选用Dia-mosnilTM钻石C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温25℃,流动相为甲醇:0.4%磷酸=55∶45,流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长370 nm。结论Al(NO3)3络合分光光度法操作方便,简单,快速;HPLC法可以同时准确地测定出样品中不同黄酮类化合物的含量,精确性和灵敏度高。两种方法测定的总黄酮含量相差甚微,应根据不同的测定目的,选择适当的测定方法。

国内外麻叶荨麻的研究进展

麻叶荨麻在我国分布广泛、资源丰富。为了加强对麻叶荨麻资源的全面了解,更有效地开发利用我国本土麻叶荨麻资源,本文对近年来国内外有关麻叶荨麻化学成分、药用价值、饲料应用以及其它方面的应用研究进展进行了总结和概括。

新疆有毒火欣麻内生菌的分离及AP-PCR与ERIC-PCR分析

目的分离火欣麻的内生菌,探讨ERIC-PCR引物在植物内生细菌分型中的优化及其与AP-PCR的结合在植物内生菌分型中的应用价值。方法通过改进的碾碎法对火欣麻的内生菌进行分离,依据形态学与生理生化特性同时对比AP-PCR和ERIC-PCR图谱,对所分离菌进行分类鉴定。结果所筛选的12株内生细菌,2株为奈氏菌属,1株为葡萄球菌属,1株为链球菌属,3株为芽胞杆菌属,2株为短杆菌属,3株为肠杆菌属。优化引物后的ERIC-PCR条带稳定、丰富、清晰。结论ERIC-PCR与AP-PCR结合使用分型效果明显增强。

荨麻属植物抗类风湿作用及活性成分研究新进展

荨麻是我国传统的民族、民间用药,在欧洲及美国等应用亦很普遍。荨麻属植物在我国分布广泛,其药理作用研究越来越受到学者的关注,目前主要针对其治疗前列腺炎、糖尿病、高血脂、风湿、类风湿等疾病方面开展了研究,在其抗风湿、类风湿性关节炎的研究报道也逐渐增多,已成为荨麻属植物研究热点之一。通过文献检索与整理,对该属植物近10年来基于风湿、类风湿性关节炎的相关实验研究新进展进行了分析和总结,发现荨麻属植物主要含有黄酮类、酚酸类、香豆素类、木脂素类、生物碱类等活性成分,主要采用醇提工艺并应用高效液相色谱法测定其有效成分的含量,且荨麻属植物具有非常好的抗炎镇痛作用。

水分胁迫对异株荨麻光响应特性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了土壤饱和含水量为100%、70%、60%及40%条件下,异株荨麻的光合作用—光响应特性。结果表明:非直角双曲线模型能很好地拟合异株荨麻的光合作用—光响应曲线;净光合速率在同等光合有效辐射时基本上表现为T2>T3>T1>T4;异株荨麻叶片的表观量子效率、最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率和光饱和点均在适度水分胁迫下达到最大,在重度干旱胁迫下最低,这说明适度水分胁迫有助于提高异株荨麻对光能的利用能力。

不同种植密度对异株荨麻生长和光合特性的影响

以异株荨麻播种苗为试验材料,在密度为19万～96万/hm2设T1、T2、T3、T4和T5 5个处理,研究不同密度下,异株荨麻光合特征、生长量和生物量变化,寻找出合理的种植密度。结果表明,随着种植密度的增加,单株异株荨麻的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、生长量和生物量呈先增加后降低的趋势。异株荨麻单位面积的生物量在密度为77万/hm2时达到最大值,最佳经济生产密度为74万～77.5万/hm2。