Linguistic Reflection on the Online Catchword of Appreciation —From the Perspective of Usage-based Language Model and Complex Adaptive System Theory

Language is a special social phenomenon and is always on the changing process with the development of society. During the evolving process of language, new language varieties will continuously emerge due to the changes of some social and cultural factors. Cyber language is universally accepted as one type of the social language varieties. Basically, cyber language can be treated as a complex adaptive system which is influenced by the interaction between users’ cognition, social culture and the surrounding environments. Thus it is safe to say that cyber language is always undergoing a dynamic evolving process. With the usage-based language model as the theoretical foundation, this paper proposes a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) approach to analyze the expression of Appreciation to explore the complex, dynamic and nonlinear development of cyber language from the angle of meaning construction, grammaticalization and functional adaption respectively. It is found that the expression of Appreciation is experiencing adaptively a semantic connotations development and a process of grammatical functions expansion as well. This paper suggests that the emergence and development of cyber language is a novel and trendy social language phenomenon. Network language can achieve its process and evolution under the huge impact of social changes and social promotions. When faced with the changing surroundings, cyber language itself enjoys a timely adaption and responsive development to keep up with the new environments, which reflects the basic principle of language development, namely, language changes with the development of society.

Usage-based Theory

Usage-based theory is a constructive cognitive development method, which is closely related to constructivists who believe that children build grammar knowledge from their experience.

From Theoretical Grammar to Grammatical Competence:An Empirical Study

In China,English teachers usually take a three-step approach to grammar teaching,namely,the presentation—practice—production principle(3P Principle).This method consists of both“morphology”and“syntax.”It adopts the traditional mode of grammar teaching,including knowledge presentation,grammar exercises,and grammatical competence production,which will inevitably lead to time consumption and low efficiency in grammar learning.This study is about cultivating English majors'grammatical competence through the theoretical mode of grammar teaching.The research results show that the theoretical mode of grammar teaching helps cultivate learners'grammatical competence.

Grammar and usage板块教学设计

课堂是教学的主阵地。优秀的教学设计能为教师提供经验与启示,帮助教师提高教学质量。为此,2024年,本刊开设专栏《典型课例》。在该栏目中,我们以“教学设计+点评”的形式,呈现一线教师学习、理解新课标,深化素养导向的课堂教学改革和育人方式转变的实践与思考。本期典型课例是2023年江苏省高中英语优质课比赛一等奖课例——译林版普通高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Grammar and usage板块的教学,希望通过课例展示,引领教师关注三维动态语法观,提升英语教学质量。

A Study of English Grammar Teaching and Cultural Introduction from the Perspective of Applied Linguistics

Grammar teaching is the main content of university English teaching,and the quality of teaching will affect the effect of university talent cultivation.Based on the perspective of applied linguistics,it is crucial to use cultural introduction teaching for English grammar teaching.This paper will combine the basic concepts of applied linguistics and cultural introduction teaching,analyze the role of using the cultural introduction teaching method to innovate grammar teaching mode under the perspective of applied linguistics,and put forward a scientific English grammar teaching strategy with the goal of improving teaching quality.

An Investigation on the Influence of Middle School Students'Grammar Learning Self-efficacy on Their Learning Performance

In middleschool English teaching,grammar instruction has always been an important and challenging aspect.Due to the strong influence of grammar explanation in Chinese,learning English grammar may be affected by negative transfer from their native language,which could pose certain obstacles to English acquisition.Self-efficacy,as a major emotional factor influencing learners'internal regulation strategies,has attracted wide attention from researchers both domestically and internationally for its impact on learning performance.High self-efficacy helps learners develop a more positive mindset towards learning,thereby contributing to improved learning performance.Therefore,this study focuses on investigating the relationship between grammatical self-efficacy and learning performance of English grammar among middle school students.This research contributes to a complementary understanding of grammatical self-efficacy among educators,enhancing their teaching skills,and effectively guiding students to learn English grammar with a more positive and healthy mindset,presenting a future grammar instruction in middle school English teaching.

叙事地图的符号体系及叙述机制

随着地图作为空间实践的重要媒介,广泛并深入地参与到社会建构过程,叙事地图成为当代地图学的重要分支。然而,由于叙事地图与“科学”地图的理论范式和表征机制存在差别,“科学”地图符号的理论与方法体系难以直接应用于叙事地图的研究。针对这一局限性,本研究首先立足于现代符号学的基本理论原理,深入探究叙事地图不同类型符号的视觉变量构成,结合皮尔斯理论对符号语义特征进行详细分析,并从社会符号学视角出发探讨符号互文关系,从语构、语义和语用3个维度构建叙事地图的符号体系。在此基础上,从两方面揭示叙事地图符号体系的叙述机制。一方面,基于结构主义符号学理论,将叙事地图与语言文本进行类比映射,提出叙事地图“文本”的语法规则,深入剖析语法规则创设的释义机制。另一方面,运用社会符号学“语境”理论,对叙事地图中的互文语境、情景语境及文化语境进行清晰的概念界定和内涵阐述,进一步厘清语境对叙事地图释义的规约机制。本研究为推动叙事地图的发展与应用提供了新的理论基础。

汉语作为方法:从早期文字记录看汉语诗学的当代价值

汉语兼具“文”与“言”的双重属性,与以“言”为主的印欧语相区别。语法与逻辑的同根同源使印欧语在理论表述中陷入了概念与经验的争执,而汉语贯通形而上与形而下的特质使汉语表述本身即构成一种方法。作为“道”之文的载体,中国早期记录及其文法结构提供了关键信息,甲骨卜辞的体例制式为“易”类文献的结构提供了可追溯的原型,也为探索“论出于易”对汉语诗学功能的塑造提供了重要线索。其中,干支配伍的宇宙纪日为“以时系事”的话语表述提供了超线性时空结构;“正反对贞”以对言的形式表现语义的动态平衡与赋形必变的道理;“主题+阐释”的体例结构以逐层累积的文本层次为断言的疑难提供了积极的方案。汉语文法能够在表述判断的同时保持对“变”的关切,这为建构既能规范描述艺术经验又能直面人类自身处境的理论话语提供了时代价值。

视觉语法视角下南京旅游英文官网多模态话语分析

以Gunther Kress和Theo van Leeuwen的视觉语法理论为分析框架,通过对南京旅游英文官网的案例研究,分析旅游网站多模态话语的再现意义、互动意义和构图意义。研究发现,南京旅游英文网站使用大量图片视觉符号资源构建意义,图片符号与文字符号协同作用,对观看者产生视觉上的冲击,达到良好的宣传效果。不足之处在于,叙事再现图片占比较低,人物参与者缺乏与观看者的正面接触,图片设计者多采用中、远镜头,虽客观呈现景物特点,但与观看者保持较为疏远的关系。建议网站丰富再现意义的类型,增加叙事再现的使用,增加参与者与观看者的正面接触;适当采取前景化、分割线等手段,借用近距离镜头将观看者代入到图片情境中。

An Exploration of Interpersonal Meanings in Advertising Discourse from Functional Grammar Perspective

Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Based on an exploratory study of data of six typical Chinese cosmetic advertising discourses, the paper claims that the distribution of mood and modality has close link with the interpersonal meaning in advertising. The Functional Grammar and Appraisal System help to reveal the interpersonal meanings of the discourse concerned.

妙用教材的“边角料”——试析checkout time板块和grammar time板块的教学

在译林新版《英语》的教学中,注重story time、cartoon time,轻视checkout time、grammar time的现象比比皆是,后者成了教学中的'边角料'。作为教材的组成部分,checkout time能为学生语用能力的提升夯实基础,grammar time则能为语言的生成增添活力。教师应挖掘教材,通过多样化的语言活动,巧妙地处理教材中的'边角料'。

Context-attributed graph grammar framework for specifying visual languages

Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.

Grammar Model Based on Lexical Substring Extraction for RNA Secondary Structure Prediction

[Objective] To examine the grammar model based on lexical substring exac- tion for RNA secondary structure prediction. [Method] By introducing cloud model into stochastic grammar model, a machine learning algorithm suitable for the lexicalized stochastic grammar model was proposed. The word grid mode was used to extract and divide RNA sequence to acquire lexical substring, and the cloud classifier was used to search the maximum probability of each lemma which was marked as a certain sec- ondary structure type. Then, the lemma information was introduced into the training stochastic grammar process as prior information, realizing the prediction on the sec- ondary structure of RNA, and the method was tested by experiment. [Result] The experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy and searching speed of stochastic grammar cloud model were significantly improved from the prediction with simple stochastic grammar. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the wide application of stochastic grammar model for RNA secondary structure prediction.

GRAPH GRAMMAR METHOD FOR 3-D CORNER DETECTION

Most of local feature descriptors assume that the scene is planar. In the real scene, the captured images come from the 3-D world. 3-D corner as a novel invariant feature is important for the image matching and the object detection, while automatically discriminating 3-D corners from ordinary corners is difficult. A novel method for 3-D corner detection is proposed based on the image graph grammar, and it can detect the 3-D features of corners to some extent. Experimental results show that the method is valid and the 3-D corner is useful for image matching.

Explicit Grammar Instruction in L2 Learners'Writing Development:Effective or Ineffective?

It has long been in dispute about whether explicit grammar teaching is more effective in second language learning or implicit grammar teaching is.However,there are more than one factor to take into consideration while discussing which way is better for L2 learners.This short essay aims at depicting three respects concerning grammar teaching,namely learning context,language learners'beliefs and needs,and grammar instruction.When educators and practitioners try to adopt grammar instruction either implicitly or explicitly in L2 learners'writing development,they probably need to consider the above three factors and to find out the best way to produce more effective teaching results among their students.

A General Exploitation to Cognitive Context and Grammar

Cognitive context of grammar refers to morpheme context,word or phrase context,syntax context,sentence context,semantic context of sentences,and discourse context.Cognitive context constraints the meaning of grammatical structure,and the grammatical structure depends on the cognitive context.

Functional Orientation and Practice of Inductive and Deductive Approaches to Grammar Teaching in EFL

To solve the ambiguous understanding of Grammar Teaching position,based on explicit grammatical knowledge,this paper discusses the grammar position in EFL,compares both its pros and cons between deductive and inductive approaches,and indicates that grammar teaching by either approach alone has disadvantages,should adopt a combination technique.

Brooke-Rose多词性隐喻语法学说刍议

作为一位享誉全球的英国作家和评论家,克里斯汀·布鲁克-罗斯的文学语言学思想以语法修辞为抓手,跨越语言和思维的边界,着力搭建文学批评的语言范式,特别是“多词性隐喻语法”学说,囊括“简单替换”“指向公式”“系动词”“动词组合”和“属格连接”等,独具创见,影响久远。该学说旨在深入探讨文学作品中隐喻的语法结构和表征形式,及其对文本搭建和意象解释的功效。为了更精确参悟和把握布鲁克-罗斯的学术思想,文本着重解析其隐喻思想、语法结构和分析手法,以便更详细地剖析和透视隐喻的语法构成及其与内涵的紧密关系,精准甄别隐喻在诗歌文本中的位置、构成与表现力,勾勒出隐喻与文学的互动脉络,丰富文学批评的多元视角。

A Study of Differences between American English and British English in Grammar

This Paper mainly focuses on the Differences between American English and British English in Grammar. It discusses ten aspects of their differences with example(sthat is , differences in the use of certain verbs; differences in the use of articles; differences in the use of prepositions ;the use of subjunctive; tense differences ;the use of collective nouns ;the way of expressing dates; the treatment of a repeated subject after the indefinite pronoun"one"; response question; negative form of the first person.).