An Investigation on Open-RAN Specifications:Use Cases,Security Threats,Requirements,Discussions

The emergence of various technologies such as terahertz communications,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS),and AI-powered communication services will burden network operators with rising infrastructure costs.Recently,the Open Radio Access Network(O-RAN)has been introduced as a solution for growing financial and operational burdens in Beyond 5G(B5G)and 6G networks.O-RAN promotes openness and intelligence to overcome the limitations of traditional RANs.By disaggregating conventional Base Band Units(BBUs)into O-RAN Distributed Units(O-DU)and O-RAN Centralized Units(O-CU),O-RAN offers greater flexibility for upgrades and network automation.However,this openness introduces new security challenges compared to traditional RANs.Many existing studies overlook these security requirements of the O-RAN networks.To gain deeper insights into the O-RAN system and security,this paper first provides an overview of the general O-RAN architecture and its diverse use cases relevant to B5G and 6G applications.We then delve into specifications of O-RAN security threats and requirements,aiming to mitigate security vulnerabilities effectively.By providing a comprehensive understanding of O-RAN architecture,use cases,and security considerations,thisworkserves as a valuable resource for future research in O-RAN and its security.

Investigating the use cases of a novel heat battery in Dutch residential buildings

Recent advances in thermochemical storage technology have introduced a novel closed-loop thermal energy storage(TES)system,known as the heat battery(HB),which is believed to have great potential for aiding the energy transition in the built environment because of its higher energy density and neglectable storage loss compared to conventional TES systems.In order to investigate the potential use cases of the HB and provide practical feedback for its further development,this research employs a simulation-based approach to analyze its influence on building performance in various use cases within Dutch residential buildings.Stakeholders including the homeowner,distribution system operator,and district heating system operator are identified,and a preliminary list of use cases is defined based on relevant literature and input from the HB developer.The simulation approach is conducted to predict key performance indicators for each stakeholder.The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to sort and scrutinize the simulation outcomes and discern the significance of each use case element.The findings demonstrated that the HB holds the potential to diminish both the operational energy cost by up to 30%for the homeowners and the peak heating load transmitted from the building to the district heating system.

Semantic Representation of Evidence-Based Medical Guidelines and Its Use Cases

Semantic representation of evidence-based medical guidelines provides the support for the data inter-operability and has been found many applications in the medical domain. In this paper, we describe a semantic representation approach of evidence-based medical guidelines, which is based on the Semantic Web Technology standards. We discuss several use cases of that semantic representation of evidence-based medical guideline, and show that they are potentially useful for medical applications.

The use cases of digital earth

The formal process of system design begins with the identification of use cases.No such cases are readily apparent for the current generation of geobrowsers,though the text of the 1998 Gore speech refers to several.An analysis of the use cases of geographic information systems(GIS)reveals similarities with the functionality of geobrowsers,inviting the view that the two forms of geographic information technology will eventually converge.However,experience suggests that users are finding very different ways of exploiting geobrowsers,and two examples are discussed in detail.These uses can be interpreted within a broad framework of spatial concepts,and the paper concludes that this framework provides a better guide to the future of geobrowsers and Digital Earth than current GIS technology.

DUSM： A Method for Requirements Specification and Refinement Based on Disciplined Use Cases and Screen Mockups

In this work, we present DUSM （Disciplined Use Cases with Screen Mockups）, a novel method for describing and refining requirements specifications based on disciplined use cases and screen mockups. Disciplined use cases are characterized by a quite stringent template to prevent common mistakes, and to increase the quality of the specifications. Use cases descriptions are formulated in a structured natural language, which allows to reach a good level of precision, avoiding the need for further notations and complex models. Screen mockups are precisely associated with the steps of the use cases scenarios and they present the corresponding GUIs （graphical user interfaces） as seen by the human actors before/after the steps executions, improving the comprehension and the expression of the non-functional requirements on the user interface. DUSM has been proposed and fine-tuned during several editions of a software engineering course at the University of Genova. Then, by means of a series of case studies and experiments, we validated the method and evaluated： 1） its effectiveness in improving the comprehension and, in general, the quality of the produced requirements specification, and 2） its applicability in the industry, where the method has been found useful and not particularly onerous.

Automatic Identification of Use Cases from Codes: A User’s Goal Driven Approach

Based on the different roles played by base flow and alternative flow in the process to achieve user＇s goals, we have found that loop structure is frequently used to implement alternative flow and/or to connect different use cases. This paper presents an approach to identify base flows and alternative flows of different use cases by traversing control flow graph in which back edges are eliminated. The effectiveness of the approach is verified by identification of the use case structure of an ATM system. The workload of human intervention of the approach is relatively slight, and the manner of human intervention closely follows the usual process of software comprehension.

Cases analysis of rational use of medicine (31) Nongonococcal urethritis(NGU)

1.Patient's conditionsA 29-year-old man,was infected with nongonococcal urethritis(NGU).He complained that he had dysuria and discomfort in the urethra and mucopurulent discharge,which appeared one week after intercourse.

Persistent Hiccups Following Use of Oral Dexamethasone: A Report of Two Cases from Abakaliki, Nigeria

Hiccups are common, usually mild with no obvious cause and often resolve spontaneously. They are classified as transient, persistent and intractable depending on the duration. Drug induced hiccups have been reported in medical literature but not common and corticosteroids are often cited. This report involved 2 male patients who developed persistent hiccups following use of oral dexamethasone for inflammatory conditions. The hiccups were severe and intolerable and could not stop despite use of metoclopramide and chlorpromazine. The hiccups only stopped following discontinuation of the dexamethasone. It should be noted that low dose of dexamethasone was used. Management of dexamethasone induced hiccups involves discontinuation of the drug, steroid rotation if the patient is steroid dependent and use of metoclopramide and chlorpromazine. Clinicians should be aware of this known but rare adverse effect of dexamethasone as it could be severe, distressful and negatively impart patients care. There is a need for a high index of suspicion whenever a patient develops hiccups while taking dexamethasone.

Business Blockchain Suitability Determinants: Decision-Making through an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Method

Blockchain is one of the innovative and disruptive technologies that has a wide range of applications in multiple industries beyond cryptocurrency.The widespread adoption of blockchain technology in various industries has shown its potential to solve challenging business problems,as well as the possibility to create new business models which can increase a firm’s competitiveness.Due to the novelty of the technology,whereby many companies are still exploring potential use cases,and considering the complexity of blockchain technology,which may require huge changes to a company’s existing systems and processes,it is important for companies to carefully evaluate suitable use cases and determine if blockchain technology is the best solution for their specific needs.This research aims to provide an evaluation framework that determines the important dimensions of blockchain suitability assessment by identifying the key determinants of suitable use cases in a business context.In this paper,a novel approach that utilizes both qualitative(Delphi method)and quantitative(fuzzy set theory)methods has been proposed to objectively account for the uncertainty associated with data collection and the vagueness of subjective judgments.This work started by scanning available literature to identify major suitability dimensions and collected a range of criteria,indicators,and factors that had been previously identified for related purposes.Expert opinions were then gathered using a questionnaire to rank the importance and relevance of these elements to suitability decisions.Subsequently,the data were analyzed and we proceeded to integrate multi-criteria group decision-making(MCGDM)and intuitionistic fuzzy set(IFS)theory.The findings demonstrated a high level of agreement among experts,with the model being extremely sensitive to variances in expert assessments.Furthermore,the results helped to refine and select the most relevant suitability determinants under three important dimensions:functional suitability of the use case,organizational applicability,and ecosystem readiness.

基于SOME/IP的车载网络通信矩阵的设计

随着车载以太网技术研究的深入,SOA软件架构的应用也越来越广泛。SOME/IP作为SOA的通信基础,成为了实现SOA的关键环节。文章介绍了SOME/IP通信的基本原理及设计方法,通过一个简单的应用实例,阐述了SOME/IP通信矩阵的设计过程及要点;同时基于VN5640搭建测试平台,验证了SOME/IP协议的一致性。

ERP人力资源管理系统的设计

解释了人力资源管理的必要性和重要性 ,详细分析了ERP人力资源管理系统的几个主要设计阶段 :需求分析、概要设计和详细设计 ,给出了系统实现的具体思想和方案 。

角色驱动下的工作流分析及UML-uc建模技术的应用

通过对工作流中角色机制进行分析,在研究工作流、有向图和UML-uc模型的基础上,提出了一种有向图角色驱动的工作流建模方法。其基本思想是:在角色的驱动下,将工作流模型层次细化到原子活动,并给出其细化过程的系统总体用例模型和静态、竞争、优先、委托等角色类型的UML用例模型。借助基于用例模型的角色参与机制和动态特性,分析了过程模型内部复杂的动态关系,根据分析结果对后续更为复杂的过程模型进行有效的迭代开发。

Extended UML with Role Modeling

UML is widely accepted and applied by the international software industry. UML is a powerful language for Object oriented modeling, designing, and implementing software systems, but its Use Case method for requirement analysis and modeling software patterns has some explicit drawbacks. For more complete UML, this paper proposes the Role Use Case modeling and its glyphs, and provides an instance of requirement analysis using Role Use Case method. Uses the Role Model to modeling software pattern at knowledge level. This paper also extends the UML Meta Model and accentuates “RM before UML's class Modeling”.

角色驱动下的工作流分析及UML-uc建模技术的应用

通过对工作流中角色机制进行分析,在研究工作流、有向图和UML-uc模型的基础上,提出了一种有向图角色驱动的工作流建模方法。其基本思想是:在角色的驱动下,将工作流模型层次细化到原子活动,并给出其细化过程的系统总体用例模型和静态、竞争、优先、委托等角色类型的UML用例模型。借助基于用例模型的角色参与机制和动态特性,分析了过程模型内部复杂的动态关系,根据分析结果对后续更为复杂的过程模型进行有效的迭代开发。

Inferring Requirement Goals from Model Implemented in UML

UML is used widely in many software development processes.However,it does not make explicit requirement goals. Here is a method tending to establish the semantic relationship between requirements goals and UML models.Before the method is introduced, some relevant concepts are described.

Detecting Climate Change in Using Extreme Data from Two Surface Weather Stations: Case Study Valle of Comitan and La Esperanza, Chiapas, Mexico

The study area is located between the cities of Comitan (16°10'43"N and 92°04'20''W) a city with 150,000 inhabitants and La Esperanza (16°9'15''N and 91°52'5''W) a town with 3000 inhabitants. Both weather stations are 30 km from each other in the Chiapas State, México. 54 years of daily records of the series of maximum (tmax) and minimum temperatures (tmin) of the weather station 07205 Comitan that is on top of a house and 30 years of daily records of the weather station 07374 La Esperanza were analyzed. The objective is to analyze the evidence of climate change in the Comitan valley. 2.07% and 19.04% of missing data were filled, respectively, with the WS method. In order to verify homogeneity three methods were used: Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT), the Von Neumann method and the Buishand method. The heterogeneous series were homogenized using climatol. The trends of tmax and tmin for both weather stations were analyzed by simple linear regression, Sperman’s rho and Mann-Kendall tests. The Mann-Kendal test method confirmed the warming trend at the Comitan station for both variables with ZMK statistic values equal to 1.57 (statistically not significant) and 4.64 (statistically significant). However, for the Esperanza station, it determined a cooling trend for tmin and a slight non-significant warming for tmax with a ZMK statistic of -2.27 (statistically significant) and 1.16 (statistically not significant), for a significance level α = 0.05.

Comparison of SETAM with Security Use Case and Security Misuse Case:A Software Security Testing Study

A software security testing behavior model,SETAM,was proposed in our previous work as the integrated model for describing software security testing requirements behavior,which is not only compatible with security functions and latent typical misuse behaviors,but also with the interaction of them.In this paper,we analyze the differences between SETAM with security use case and security misuse case in different types of security test requirements.To illustrate the effectiveness of SETAM,we compare them in a practical case study by the number of test cases and the number of faults detected by them.The results show that SETAM could decrease about 34.87% use cases on average,and the number of faults detected by SETAM increased by 71.67% in average,which means that our model can detect more faults with fewer test cases for software security testing.

Treatment of 34 Cases of Chronic Aplastic Anemia Using Prepared Rehmannia Polysaccharide Associated with Stanozolol

Objective: To investigate the effect and side effect of prepared Rehmannia polysaccharide (PRP) associated with stanozolol in treating chronic aplastic anemia (CAA). Methods:34 cases of CAA were treated by PRP liquid associated with stanozolol for a course of 3 weeks treatment, and control group (17 cases of CAA) was treated by stanozolol alone. Results: Effective rate was 85. 3 % in treatment group, and that of control group was 58. 8 %,there was significant difference between them (P < 0. 05 ). Symptom remission of treatment group was earlier than that of control group.The difference of symptom scoring between two groups was significant (P < 0. 01 ). Blood cell had a distinct elevation after treatment with PRP associated with stanozolol, and had a significant difference in comparing with pretreatment in treatment group (P < 0. 01 ).Side effect of PRP was not found during treatment of CAA. Conclusion: PRP associated with stanozolol to treat CAA has an additional effect, it can accelerate symptom remission without any additional side effect.Original article on CJIM(Chin ) 1998; 18(6): 351