Investigation of lacrimal sac space-occupying lesions using color doppler ultrasound, computed tomography, and computed tomography dacryocystography

AIM:To observe the imaging features of color Doppler ultrasound(CDU)and computed tomography(CT)or computed tomography dacryocystography(CT-DCG)in different types of lacrimal sac space-occupying lesions(SOLs).METHODS:This retrospective case series study included 21 patients with lacrimal sac SOLs who underwent lacrimal sac surgery between January 2018 and March 2022.The imaging features of CDU and CT or CT-DCG in these patients were extracted from the examination cloud system.The images were observed and analyzed.RESULTS:The detection rate of lacrimal SOLs between CDU(21/21,100%)and CT or CT-DCG(20/21,95.2%)had no statistically significant difference(P=1.0).CDU could detect the blood flow signals in all SOLs except mucocele and mucopeptide concretion.Among them,polyps had characteristic imaging changes on CDU and CT-DCG.The mucoceles and mucopeptide concretions had characteristic imaging changes on CDU,which could provide more information for differential diagnosis.CONCLUSION:The morphology and internal blood flow signals of lacrimal sac SOLs can be observed using CDU.CT or CT-DCG has advantages in observing structural damage around the lacrimal sac mass.Therefore,CDU may be used as a routine examination to exclude lacrimal sac SOLs before dacryocystorhinostomy in the absence of preoperative CT or CT-DCG.

Assessment of optic nerve and optic tract alterations in patients with orbital space-occupying lesions using probabilistic diffusion tractography

AIM: To investigate the diffusion changes in both the optic nerve and optic tract in orbital space-occupying lesion patients with decreased visual acuity, and its clinical significance using probabilistic diffusion tractography(PDT). METHODS: Twenty patients with orbital space-occupying lesions and 25 age-and gender-matched healthy persons were included. All patients and controls underwent routine orbital magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI), using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner(Trio Tim Siemens). After the image data were preprocessed, each DTI parameters of the optic nerve and optic tract was obtained by PDT, including fractional anisotropy(FA), mean diffusivity(MD), axial diffusivity(AD) and radial diffusivity(RD). The asymmetry index(AI) of each parameter was calculated. Compared the parameters of the affected side optic nerve and ipsilateral optic tract with the contralateral side by paired sample t-test;compared AI of parameters of optic nerve and optic tract between the patient group and the control group by independent sample t-test. Patients were divided into threesubgroups according to the low vision grade standard of WHO, compared the FA and AI of FA between the three subgroups by single factor variance analysis. RESULTS: The affected side optic nerve presented significantly decreased FA, increased MD, AD, and RD values compared to the unaffected side(P<0.05). The AI of FA, MD, AD, and RD of optic nerve in the patients was significantly higher than that of the controls(P<0.05). The comparison results of the optic tract showed that there was no significant difference between the patient group and control group in terms of the bilateral optic tracts in patients(P>0.05). The AIs of the FA value of the optic nerve in the eyesight <0.1 subgroup was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FA, MD, AD, and RD of the affected side optic nerve of the orbital space-occupying lesions have significantly changed, the FA value is the most sensitive. The PDT could be a useful tool to provide valid quantitative markers of optic nerve injuries and evaluate the severity of orbital diseases, which other examinations cannot be acquired.

Recurrent orbital space-occupying lesions:a clinicopathologic study of 253 cases

Objective：To analyze the clinical features,histopathologic classification and frequencies of various types of recurrent orbital space-occupying lesions.Methods：A retrospective study was carried out in 253 consecutive patients with recurrent orbital spaceoccupying lesions treated by surgical excision in the Institute of Orbital Diseases,the General Hospital of the Armed Police Force from January 2009 to December 2010.Results：The patients included 123 males and 130 females aged 2 to 78 years（mean,36.2 years）,and the last recurrence interval after operation ranged from 1 month to 40 years（median,4.75 years）.Of all the cases,159（62.8%）,65（25.7%）,20（7.9%）,8（3.2%） and 1（0.4%） had previously experienced once,twice,three,four and six times of surgeries,respectively.Among them,29（11.5%） cases had recurred 3 times or over,and 37（14.6%） cases got recurrence in 10 or more years postoperatively.Most of the patients with local recurrence presented with various clinical manifestations,while 31（12.3%） cases were symptom-free.Two hundred and thirty-one（91.3%） cases underwent surgical removal of the recurrent orbital lesions,and another 22（8.7%） cases had to receive the exenteration of orbit.Categories of these recurrent orbital lesions after operation were as follows：lacrimal gland tumors,65（25.7%） cases;vasogenic diseases,54（21.3%） cases;neurogenic tumors,42（16.6%） cases;secondary tumors,24（9.5%） cases;orbital inflammation,21（8.3%） cases;myogenic tumors,14（5.5%） cases;fibrous and adipose tumors,12（4.7%） cases;lympho-hematopoietic tumors,7（2.8%） cases;bone or cartilage tumors,7（2.8%） cases;orbital cysts,6（2.4%） cases;and indefinitely differentiated tumor,1（0.4%） case.The 10 top histopathologic diagnoses were lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma,hemangiolymphangioma,lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma,meningioma,inflammatory pseudotumor,neurofibroma,sebaceous gland carcinoma,vascular malformation,rhabdomyosarcoma and hemangioma.Conclusions：The variety of recurrent orbital lesions after operation includes mainly of tumors except for vascular malformation and orbital inflammatory lesions.The lacrimal gland epithelial tumor is most prone to relapse after resection,and early and longer-term postoperative follow-up is needed.

Application of endoscopic submucosal dissection in duodenal space-occupying lesions

BACKGROUNDEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been advocated by digestiveendoscopists because of its comparable therapeutic effect to surgery, reducedtrauma, faster recovery, and fewer complications. However, ESD for lesions of theduodenum is more challenging than those occurring at other levels of thegastrointestinal tract due to the thin intestinal wall of the duodenum, narrowintestinal space, rich peripheral blood flow, proximity to vital organs, and highrisks of critical adverse events including intraoperative and delayed bleeding andperforation. Because of the low prevalence of the disease and the high risks ofsevere adverse events, successful ESD for lesions of the duodenum has rarelybeen reported in recent years.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of ESD in the treatment of duodenal spaceoccupyinglesions.METHODS Clinical data of 24 cases of duodenal lesions treated by ESD at the DigestiveEndoscopy Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS All of the 24 cases from 23 patients underwent ESD treatment for duodenal spaceoccupyinglesions under general anesthesia, including 15 male and 8 femalepatients, with a mean age of 58.5 (32.0-74.0) years. There were 12 lesions (50%) inthe duodenal bulb, 9 (37.5%) in the descending part, and 3 (12.5%) in the ball descending junction. The mean diameter of the lesion was 12.75 (range, 11-22)mm. Thirteen lesions originated from the mucosa, of which 4 were low-gradeintraepithelial neoplasia, 3 were hyperplastic polyps, 2 were chronic mucositis, 2were adenomatous hyperplasia, 1 was high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 1was tubular adenoma. Eleven lesions were in the submucosa, including 5neuroendocrine neoplasms, 2 cases of ectopic pancreas, 1 stromal tumor, 1leiomyoma, 1 submucosal duodenal adenoma, and 1 case of submucosal lymphfollicular hyperplasia. The intraoperative perforation rate was 20.8% (5/24),including 4 submucosal protuberant lesions and 1 depressed lesion. The meanlength of hospital stay was 5.7 (range, 3-10) d, and the average follow-up time was25.8 (range, 3.0–50.0) mo. No residual disease or recurrence was found in allpatients, and no complications, such as infection and stenosis, were found duringthe follow-up period.CONCLUSION ESD is safe and effective in the treatment of duodenal lesions;however, theendoscopists should pay more attention to the preoperative preparation,intraoperative skills, and postoperative treatment.

Association between the fMRI manifestations of activated brain areas and muscle strength in patients with space-occupying lesions in motor cortex

BACKGROUND ： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） studies have disclosed the changes of the motor function in the motor cortex of ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of tumor, which have special significance for making the surgical planning and most greatly minimizing the postoperative functional damages. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the association between the manifestation characteristics of hand functional area and motor dysfunction using fMRI in patients with space-occupying lesions of tumor in motor cortex. DESIGN ： A case-controlled observation SETTING： Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College .PARTICIPANTS： Twenty-three patients （13 males and 10 females） with space-occupying lesions of central sulcus area, aged 21-53 years with a mean age of （47±1） years were selected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. All the patients were diagnosed by MR scanning as space-occupying lesions of motor area, and pathologically confirmed that the lesions involved central sulcus and central Iobule; Lesions occurred in left and right hemispheres in 13 and 10 cases respectively. The tumor types were astrocytoma （n =8）, metastatic tumours （n =7）, meningiomas （n =5） and oligodendroglioma （n =3）. The muscle strength was normal in 11 cases （grade 5） and obviously decreased in 12 cases （grade 2-3 in 3 cases and grade 4 in 9 cases）; muscle strengths of both upper and lower limbs were decreased in 7 cases, and only that of upper limbs was decreased in 5 cases. Informed consents were obtained from all the subjects. Meanwhile, 9 healthy physical examinees （5 males and 4 females） of 20-56 years old with an average of （34±1） years were taken as controls. All the patients and healthy subjects were right-handed. METHODS： All the enrolled subjects were examined with MR scanning and functional imaging. Twenty cases whose clinical symptoms were mild in the patient group and 9 healthy volunteers adopted simple active finger-tapping movements, and for the 3 cases whose clinical symptoms were severe in the patient group, the simple passive finger-tapping movements were used. The manifestations in the activated brain areas were analyzed in the patients with brain tumor of different muscle strength and the controls. The motor deficit and activation of contralateral primary motor cortex （M1） in simple finger-tapping movements were observed in the patient group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Brain areas activated by finger-tapping movements in each group： （2） Activated volumes in hemisphere by finger-tapping movements between groups. RESULTS： The contralateral M1 area could not be activated in 1 case in the patient group,, all the other 22 patients and 9 healthy subjects were involved in the analysis of results. （1） In the control group, unilateral finger tapping movement activated the contralateral primary motor cortex （M1）, bilateral SMA and bilateral PMC. The activation volume was the largest in contralateral primary motor cortex （M1）, smaller in the SMA, and the smallest in PMC. The finger tapping movement in healthy subjects could activate contralateral primary motor cortex （M1）, bilateral SMA and bilateral PMC, which had no obvious differences from the manifestations of brain functional area activated by active finger tapping. There was no significant difference in the volume of activated functional areas between right and left hands. In the patient group, the central sulcos around the tumor in the activated M1 area displaced towards dorsal or ventral side, also extended. The distance of displacement in the functional area was determined as compared with the contralateral central sulcus, and the results suggested the M1 displacement, including that there were 10 cases with the M1 displacement larger than 10 mm in the patients with motor deficit, which were obviously more than in those without motor deficit （n =1, P 〈 0.01）, and the activated volume in contralateral M1 area was obvious smaller in the patients with motor deficit than in those without motor deficit （P 〈 0.01）. （2） The M1 activation and changes were observed in contralateral hemisphere in the patient group, and the activated volume was obviously larger than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. The activated volumes of M1 and PMC in ipsilateral hemisphere were obviously larger than those in the control group （P 〈 0.05）, but that of SMA had no obvious difference between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： fMRI can be used to observe the activation of the brain motor functional areas of patient with space-occupying lesions in motor area, and evaluate the state of their motor function. The larger the distance of displacement of M1 compressed by tumor, the more obviously the muscle strength decreases in the patients.

经静脉超声造影在子宫局灶性病变诊断及评估中的应用现状

常见的子宫局灶性病变(focal uterine lesions,FUL)包括良性病变和恶性病变。恶性FUL早期的诊断与治疗对于提高生存率和改善预后起着至关重要的作用。不同的FUL的病理特点不同,微血管灌注也存在差异。经静脉超声造影(CEUS)技术作为有效的微血管显像方式,为鉴别诊断FUL的良恶性及进一步评估恶性病变提供了更多的信息,为临床医师管理患者方案的选择提供了客观的影像资料。本文就经静脉CEUS在常见FUL中诊断及评估的应用现状做一综述。

阴式子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶切除联合子宫修补术治疗Ⅱ型/Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者的临床疗效

目的分析阴式子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶切除联合子宫修补术治疗Ⅱ型/Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)患者的临床疗效及对患者术后恢复的影响,以期为临床制定CSP的治疗方案提供参考。方法回顾性选取2018年6月—2020年6月衡水市第二人民医院收治的103例Ⅱ型/Ⅲ型CSP患者,根据治疗方式不同分为对照组(50例)和研究组(53例)。对照组患者采用子宫动脉化疗栓塞术联合超声引导下清宫术治疗,研究组患者采用阴式子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶切除联合子宫修补术治疗。比较2组患者的临床疗效、手术指标、术后恢复情况以及治疗前后的孕酮、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)水平,同时比较2组患者随访2年的子宫瘢痕妊娠复发及正常妊娠情况。结果研究组患者的治疗总有效率为90.56%(48/53),高于对照组的74.00%(37/50),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.896,P=0.027)。2组患者治疗前孕酮及β-HCG水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者治疗后孕酮及β-HCG水平均低于治疗前,且研究组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间长于对照组,下床时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者术后正常月经恢复时间、阴道出血时间、β-HCG恢复正常时间、宫腔肿块消失时间均短于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者随访2年子宫瘢痕妊娠复发率为0(0/53),低于对照组患者的14.00%(7/50),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.904,P=0.015)。研究组患者随访2年正常妊娠率为66.04%(35/53),高于对照组34.00%(17/50),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.564,P=0.001)。结论阴式子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶切除联合子宫修补术治疗Ⅱ型/Ⅲ型CSP患者疗效显著,可减少患者术中出血量,促进患者术后恢复,且降低子宫瘢痕妊娠复发风险,提高正常妊娠率。

子宫动脉暂时阻断联合妊娠病灶去除术治疗Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的效果和对卵巢功能的影响

目的评估子宫动脉暂时阻断联合妊娠病灶去除术在治疗Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠中的效果,以及该治疗方案对卵巢功能的潜在影响。方法前瞻性选取2020年2月至2023年2月简阳市人民医院收治的Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者103例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=51)和研究组(n=52)。对照组患者行腹腔镜下妊娠病灶去除术治疗,研究组患者行腹腔镜下子宫动脉暂时阻断联合妊娠病灶去除术治疗。比较两组患者的手术指标(手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、胚物残留和中转开腹情况)、临床疗效、术后卵巢功能(卵泡刺激素、雌二醇、抗苗勒管激素以及窦卵泡数)和超声检查参数(内膜厚度、搏动指数、阻力指数)情况、术后患者恢复情况(月经恢复正常时间、绒毛膜促性腺激素-β恢复正常时间)及术后并发症发生情况。结果研究组手术时间为(97.15±12.02)min,长于对照组[(90.26±11.45)min],术中出血量和住院时间分别为(90.46±12.45)mL、(7.11±0.98)d,均短于对照组[(118.26±9.46)mL、(8.45±2.16)d],中转开腹率为0,低于对照组(3.85%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的胚物残留情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者的治疗有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后3个月,两组的卵泡刺激素、雌二醇、抗苗勒管激素以及窦卵泡数水平等卵巢功能指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后3个月,两组的内膜厚度、搏动指数、阻力指数等指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组在月经恢复正常时间、绒毛膜促性腺激素-β恢复正常时间及总并发症发生率方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与单纯妊娠病灶去除术比较,采用子宫动脉暂时阻断联合妊娠病灶去除术治疗Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠手术时间有所延长,但术中出血量及中转开腹率显著降低,对患者的卵巢功能影响较小,术后恢复情况及并发症发生情况与单纯妊娠病灶去除术比较具有相同水平。

阴式病灶切除联合子宫壁修补术治疗剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的效果

目的:探究阴式病灶切除联合子宫壁修补术治疗剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠(CSP)的效果。方法:选择2019年1月—2022年1月在新泰市人民医院治疗的86例CSP患者作为研究对象,应用随机数表法分为对照组(子宫栓塞+清宫手术)及观察组(阴式病灶切除联合子宫壁修补术),各43例。比较两组临床指标[手术时间、术后阴道出血时间、术后β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)恢复时间、住院时间]、卵巢储备功能指标[卵泡雌激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_(2))、β-hCG]、应激指标[促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、醛固酮(ALD)、皮质醇(Cor)]、子宫血流动力学指标[舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)、收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、搏动指数(PI)、]及并发症发生率。结果:观察组手术时间长于对照组,术后阴道出血时间、术后β-hCG恢复时间、住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组卵巢储备功能指标、应激指标、子宫血流动力学指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后7 d,两组FSH、LH高于术前,E_(2)、β-hCG低于术前,但观察组FSH、LH、β-hCG低于对照组,E_(2)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后7 d,两组ACTH、ALD、Cor高于术前,但观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3 d,两组EDV、RI、PSV、PI均低于术前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对CSP患者采用阴式病灶切除联合子宫壁修补术治疗,效果显著,手术应激反应较轻,对卵巢储备功能影响较小,可调节子宫血流动力学,降低并发症发生率。

经阴道三维超声在宫腔病变中的临床应用

目的探讨经阴道三维超声(3D-TVS)在宫腔病变诊断中的临床应用价值。方法选取2022年1月至2023年12月宁夏医科大学总医院收治的154例宫腔病变患者作为研究对象。患者入院后常规进行3D-TVS检查,宫腔粘连者以宫腔镜检查为“金标准”,宫腔其他病变者以术后病理结果为“金标准”。以3D-TVS诊断结果与“金标准”进行比较,得出结论。结果154例宫腔病变患者,包含以下4种:子宫内膜息肉、宫腔粘连、子宫黏膜下肌瘤、子宫内膜癌,其所占例数及比例分别为70例(45.4%)、56例(36.4%)、18例(11.7%)、10例(6.5%)。3D-TVS诊断宫腔病变的总体诊断准确性为92.9%。3D-TVS在诊断下述病例中的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度分别为:子宫内膜息肉(94.3%、94.0%、92.9%、95.2%、94.2%);宫腔粘连(92.9%、96.9%、94.5%、96.0%、95.5%);子宫黏膜下肌瘤(88.9%、98.5%、88.9%、98.5%、97.4%);子宫内膜癌(90%、99.3%、90%、99.3%、98.7%)。结论3D-TVS对诊断宫腔病变具有较高的诊断效能,且具有无创、安全、经济、可重复性强等优势,建议筛查宫腔病变时首选。

经阴道超声联合超声造影诊断子宫肌瘤效率

目的:探讨经阴道超声联合超声造影(CEUS)诊断子宫肌瘤效果.方法:回顾性分析2021年1月-2023年1月本院收治且经手术病理确诊的112例子宫肌瘤患者临床资料,均经阴道超声和CEUS检查,与手术病理结果进行比较,分析经阴道超声、CEUS检查和二项联合诊断子宫肌瘤价值.结果:112例中Ⅰ型72例、Ⅱ型40例,黏膜下肌瘤21例、肌壁间肌瘤62例、浆膜下肌瘤29例,单发肌瘤58例、多发肌瘤54例,共检查出病灶数173个,其中黏膜下肌瘤病灶数25个、肌壁间肌瘤病灶数112个、浆膜下肌瘤病灶数36个.与病理结果比较,经阴道超声联合CEUS诊断子宫肌瘤的准确率为100.0%,高于阴道超声(89.3%)和CEUS(93.8%);漏诊率为0,低于阴道超声(10.7%)和CEUS(6.3%)(均P<0.05).经阴道超声联合CEUS诊断Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型子宫肌瘤的准确率均为100.0%,均高于阴道超声(90.3%、87.5%)和CEUS(94.4%、90.0%);经阴道超声联合CEUS对肌壁间肌瘤诊断率高于经阴道超声、CEUS单独诊断(均P<0.05),3种诊断方式对黏膜下肌瘤、浆膜下肌瘤诊断率无差异(P>0.05);经阴道超声联合CEUS对肌壁间肌瘤的病灶检出率高于经阴道超声、CEUS单独诊断(均P<0.05),3种诊断方式对黏膜下肌瘤、浆膜下肌瘤病灶检出率无差异(P>0.05).结论:经阴道超声联合CEUS提高了诊断子宫肌瘤效率,并可准确判断子宫肌瘤的位置、分型及数目,对肌壁间肌瘤检出率较高.为临床选择治疗方案提供依据.

阴式病灶切除联合子宫壁修补术治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的疗效分析

目的探讨阴式病灶切除联合子宫壁修补术治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的疗效。方法选取我院收治的CSP患者122例,将其随机分为对照组(61例)和观察组(61例)。对照组患者给予子宫动脉化疗栓塞术(UACE)联合超声引导下清宫术治疗,观察组患者给予阴式病灶切除联合子宫壁修补术治疗。比较2组患者围术期指标,术前及术后3 d、5 d、7 d的血清β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)水平,临床疗效,以及并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者手术时间较对照组明显更长(P<0.05),术中出血量、住院费用、阴道出血时间、月经恢复正常时间、瘢痕部位包块消失时间、β-hCG恢复正常时间、住院时间较对照组明显更少/短(P<0.05)。2组患者术后3 d、5 d、7 d血清β-hCG水平较术前均降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为96.72%,明显高于对照组的85.25%(P<0.05)。观察组患者阴道出血、周围组织受损发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论阴式病灶切除联合子宫壁修补术治疗CSP,可减少术中出血量,降低血清β-hCG水平及并发症发生率,提高临床治疗效果,促进患者更快康复。

“主客交”理论在子宫颈癌前病变中的应用

基于“主客交”理论结合现代医学研究,探讨子宫颈癌前病变的发病机制及中医药应用策略。子宫颈癌前病变的主要病因病机为肝脾肾之“主”失调,加之痰湿热毒之“客”邪内聚、蕴结,终成癥瘕,渐成痼疾,发为宫颈癌前病变并趋向恶性发展。治以“扶正达邪,分离主客”,在疏肝健脾固肾的同时厘清主客强弱,精准辨证。分阶段灵活选用清热、祛湿、解毒、理气、活血、化瘀等“通”法以祛邪通络。

经阴道超声联合CEA、CA125、CA153鉴别诊断子宫腔占位性病变良恶性

目的:探讨经阴道超声联合CEA、CA125、CA153鉴别子宫腔占位性病变良恶性的价值.方法:收集2021年2月-2023年5月本院疑似子宫腔占位性病变患者117例临床资料,根据刮宫或术后病理检查结果分为恶性组及良性组,其中恶性组56例,为子宫内膜癌;良性组61例,为子宫内膜良性息肉.比较两组经阴道超声及血清指标差异,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各指标鉴别诊断子宫腔占位性病变良恶性效能.结果:超声检查收缩期峰值血流速度两组无差异(P>0.05),恶性组阻力指数小于良性组、内膜厚度大于良性组;恶性组血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125、CA153水平均高于良性组(均P<0.05).ROC曲线结果显示,经阴道超声、血清CEA、CA125、CA153各指标单独或联合应用鉴别诊断子宫腔占位性病良恶性的AUC分别为0.822、0.713、0.728、0.797及0.915,均有价值,但联合诊断价值最高.结论:经阴道超声、血清CEA、CA125、CA153联合应用对宫腔占位性病变良恶性鉴别诊断效能较高,有较好的临床应用价值.

腹腔镜下病灶切除联合子宫动脉阻断术对子宫腺肌病患者NLR、CA125及TGF-β1水平的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜下病灶切除联合子宫动脉阻断术对子宫腺肌病患者中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、糖类抗原125(CA125)及转化生长因子1(TGF-β1)水平的影响。方法:收集2020年9月-2023年8月本院的子宫腺肌病患者210例并随机分为对照组(105例,腹腔镜下病灶切除术)和观察组(105例,腹腔镜下病灶切除联合子宫动脉阻断术),比较两组手术时长、术中失血量,术前术后第6个月月经量、疼痛、子宫体积、卵巢功能、NLR、CA125及TGF-β1。结果:观察组术中失血量(276±35ml)、手术时长(87±25min)均低于对照组(357±26ml、115±36 min),术后6个月月经量(12.44±2.14片/月)、疼痛VAS评分(2.06±0.62分)、子宫体积(89.47±14.25 cm3)、NLR(2.06±0.86)、CA125(20.35±2.71 KU/L)、TGF-β1(35.98±8.12 mg/L)均低于对照组(15.63±1.56片/月、2.45±0.78分、95.36±12.36 cm^(3)、2.45±0.95、24.53±2.48 KU/L、42.63±8.56 mg/L);术后1周,观察组雌二醇水平(159.36±24.71 pg/ml)低于对照组(168.47±27.06 pg/ml),黄体生成素(11.59±3.18 U/L)和卵泡刺激素(27.56±3.84 U/L)高于对照组(10.57±2.87 U/L、26.51±3.49 U/L)(均P<0.05)。术后6个月,两组性激素水平无差异,无1例复发。结论:腹腔镜下病灶切除术和腹腔镜下病灶切除联合子宫动脉阻断术均可治疗子宫腺肌病,腹腔镜下病灶切除联合子宫动脉阻断术在提高手术效率、改善痛经症状及降低NLR、CA125及TGF-β1水平,对卵巢功能的影响更优。

不同术式对剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠疗效及预后的影响

目的:探讨不同术式对剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠(CSP)患者治疗效果及预后的影响。方法:选择2021年2月1日至2022年1月31日于井冈山大学附属医院妇产科收治的Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型CSP患者90例为研究对象,按照纳入、排除标准及入院治疗的时间顺序依次入组,根据治疗方式依次纳入A组30例、B组30例和C组30例。A组接受腹腔镜下子宫动脉结扎术(UAL)+子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶切除术(FER)+子宫瘢痕修补术(UCR),B组接受子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)+超声监测下宫腔镜FER,C组接受腹腔镜下FER+UCR。比较3组的术中、术后情况及随访复发性CSP(RCSP)的发生率和再妊娠率。结果:①A组、B组的术中出血量、术后宫腔引流量、术后疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分低于C组,而手术时间、住院费用高于C组,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组手术时间、住院费用低于B组(P<0.05)。②A组、B组术后阴道停止流血时间、月经恢复时间和血β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)恢复时间短于C组(P<0.05)。③3组术后并发症(盆腔粘连、感染、术后大出血及下腹疼痛)的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。④术后平均随访时间17.60±5.61个月,A组、C组RCSP发生率低于B组(P<0.05)。A组、B组、C组再次妊娠率分别为82.14%(23/28)、77.78%(21/27)、81.48%(22/27),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下UAL+FER+UCR和UAE+超声监测下宫腔镜FER能减少术中出血量,促进术后康复,只是手术时间延长、住院费用较高;采用UCR治疗后RCSP发生率更低,临床应结合Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型CSP患者具体病情、经济条件和保留生育功能需求等进行综合评估并制定个体化的治疗方案。

子宫宫腔病变应用经阴道三维超声的诊断价值探讨

目的研究经阴道三维超声诊断子宫宫腔病变的临床价值。方法选取88例疑似子宫宫腔病变患者,对所有患者进行经阴道三维超声诊断,以最终的确诊结果作为金标准,评价经阴道三维超声在诊断子宫宫腔病变中的价值。结果在所有患者中最终确诊为子宫宫腔病变患者50例,而经阴道三维超声检出52例,对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经阴道三维超声诊断子宫宫腔病变患者的子宫内膜容积明显比非子宫宫腔病变患者的更小(P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线,经计算可得经阴道三维超声诊断子宫内膜息肉内膜容积的AUC为0.893(95%CI0.825,0.962),诊断宫腔粘连内膜容积的AUC为0.946(95%CI0.905,0.987),诊断子宫肌瘤内膜容积的AUC为0.902(95%CI0.836,0.968)。结论将经阴道三维超声应用在子宫宫腔病变患者诊断中具有较高的检出率,值得临床应用。

桂枝茯苓胶囊联合戈舍瑞林对子宫肌瘤患者内分泌功能的影响

目的:探讨桂枝茯苓胶囊联合戈舍瑞林治疗UFE的疗效。方法:将83例UFE患者按照治疗方式不同分为A组(n=41)和B组(n=42)。A组给予注射用戈舍瑞林微球;B组在A组基础上给予桂枝茯苓胶囊。两组均持续治疗3个月。比较两组临床疗效、血液流变学指标、内分泌功能、病灶形态、血清人附睾蛋白4(HE4)、癌抗原125(CA125)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)水平及生活质量。结果:治疗后,B组总有效率为95.24%,高于A组的78.05%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血液流变学、内分泌功能指标、血清HE4、CA125、AngⅡ、IFN-γ水平均降低,且B组低于A组(P<0.05);子宫体积和UFE体积均缩小,且B组小于A组(P<0.05);生活质量各项评分均升高,且B组高于A组(P<0.05)。结论:UFE患者经桂枝茯苓胶囊与戈舍瑞林联合治疗可改善血液流变学高凝状态及内分泌功能,调节相关因子水平,提高治疗效果及患者生活质量。

Pneumocephalus Following Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A Case Report Analysis

Background: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) is widely used in clinical anesthesia due to its rapid onset, reliable anesthetic effect, and strong controllability. Although advancements in technique have reduced the frequency and severity of common complications, reports of rare and serious complications such as pneumocephalus, remain scarce. Case Report: This article presents a case of pneumocephalus following CSEA in a middle-aged female patient undergoing surgery for an intrauterine space-occupying lesion. The patient experienced severe headache postoperatively, and imaging confirmed the presence of intracranial air. After receiving active symptomatic treatment, the patient recovered and was discharged. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of adhering to standard anesthesia protocols and increasing awareness of rare CSEA complications, particularly the risk of pneumocephalus. Early recognition and timely management are crucial. There is a need to further enhance training and research in anesthetic procedures to improve clinical anesthesia quality and ensure patient safety.

实时超声引导微波消融术与腹腔镜病灶 切除术在子宫腺肌瘤患者中的应用效果

目的:探究实时超声引导微波消融术与腹腔镜病灶切除术在子宫腺肌瘤患者中的应用效果。方法:选择2021年1月—2023年1月在聊城市传染病医院治疗的子宫腺肌瘤患者80例,应用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(行腹腔镜病灶切除术)及观察组(行实时超声引导微波消融术),各40例。对比两组临床指标、子宫体积、月经量[月经失血图(PBAC)]、痛经评分[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E_(2))、黄体生成素(LH)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、并发症发生情况。结果:观察组术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后,两组子宫体积均缩小,PBAC、VAS评分均降低,观察组子宫体积小于对照组,PBAC、VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后,两组FSH、E_(2)、LH水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,两组CA125、CA19-9均降低,观察组CA125、CA19-9均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组并发症发生率高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:子宫腺肌瘤行实时超声引导微波消融术治疗,可缩小子宫体积,减少月经量,缓解痛经,降低CA125、CA19-9水平,安全性较高。