Spatial patterns of urban green space and its actual utilization status in China based on big data analysis

Urban green space(UGS)is essential for sustainable urbanization and human well-being.The utilization status of UGS is closely related to the provision of ecosystem services for urban residents.Limitations on data availability,however,have led to the absence of a comprehensive approach for evaluating the actual utilization status of UGS at a large scale.Furthermore,differences in actual UGS utilization between intra-urban and peri-urban areas have not received enough attention.This study used big data analysis by combining point of interest(POI)and land use and cover change(LUCC)to quantify the spatial patterns of UGS utilization,and to evaluate the actual utilization status of UGS in 366 cities on the Chinese mainland.We also explored the differences in the actual utilization of UGS in intra-urban and peri-urban areas.The results showed that 94.01%of UGS resources in China had not been utilized.There was a clear pattern of spatial mismatch between the stock and the actual utilization of UGS,especially in the north-western region indicated by the Hu Huanyong Line.The actual utilization rate of UGS was closely related to the regional develop-ment level.There was a certain mismatch between the actual utilization and stock of intraurban green space(IUGS).The hot spots of the actual utilization rate of IUGS were in Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan Provinces in southwestern China.The differ-ences in UGS actual utilization rates between IUGS and peri-urban green space(PUGS)were small in eastern China,but large in south-western and northwestern China.The actual utilization rate of IUGS in most Chinese cities was significantly larger than that of PUGS,indicating that PUGS were not well utilized.Our results provide scientific support for urban and regional planners in targeting specific areas for UGS design and development,and in optimizing future UGS planning in China.

Issues and solutions of China’s generation resource utilization based on sustainable development

With the rapid development of its national economy,China has become a major producer and consumer of energy.To guarantee the sustainable development of power industry and national economy,China should exploit fossil and renewable energy efficiently according to the development situation of generation resources.Firstly,this paper analyzes the utilization status of main generation resources in China,such as coal,hydropower and wind energy.Secondly,this paper illustrates the STEP model,which analyzes some issues for China’s generation resource utilization from political,economic,social and technological aspects.For example,the resource distribution is inconsistent with electricity demand,the renewable energy power output is intermittent,and there is some disruption in coal mining.Finally,combined with the utilization status and issues,this paper presents some improvement approaches from the perspectives of cost,efficiency and external influence.