Native orchid species of Singapore in their natural conditions experience stress from high irradiance, high temperatures and periods of extended low rainfall, which impact orchid plant physiology and lead to reduced g...Native orchid species of Singapore in their natural conditions experience stress from high irradiance, high temperatures and periods of extended low rainfall, which impact orchid plant physiology and lead to reduced growth and productivity. In this study, it was found that there was a reduction in photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in 6 native orchid species under high light (HL) and Bulbophyllum membranaceum under low light (LL). There was chronic photoinhibition in these 6 orchid species over a period of 3 months after transplanting onto the tree trunks without watering and fertilization, especially in Coelogynes mayeriana and Bulbophyllum membranaceum under both HL and LL. This chronic photoinhibition caused by sustained period of water deficit in their natural conditions was later reversed by natural re-watering conditions from higher rainfall. These results indicate that water deficit has a greater impact on photosynthetic light utilization efficiency than excess light. The present study also showed that after natural rewatering, relative water content (RWC) of leaves and pseudobulbs generally increased. During the natural re-watering, total leaf area also gradually increased and reached maximum expansion after 7 weeks under both HL and LL, with some exceptions due to leaf abscission or decline in total leaf area, possibly a strategy for water conservation.展开更多
The effects of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer on yield,quality of tuber mustard,and fertilizer utilization efficiency were studied with the field experiments compared to the local tuber mustard fertilizer with...The effects of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer on yield,quality of tuber mustard,and fertilizer utilization efficiency were studied with the field experiments compared to the local tuber mustard fertilizer with equal amount of effective composition. The results showed that the yield of tuber mustard was 50 670-56 496 kg/ha in treatments of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer decreasing by 10%-40%,and compared with local tuber mustard fertilizer,the average yield was increased by 94. 8%. The yield increasing rate of tuber mustard was 93. 0%in treatment of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer decreasing by 30%. The average fertilizer utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was 54% and 39. 7%,respectively,the average increment of fertilizer utilization efficiency was 36% and 37%,respectively compared with local tuber mustard fertilizer. Especially in treatment of reducing nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer by 30%,the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency was increased by 64% and 56%,respectively. By comprehensive comparison,it was found that nano-carbon waterretaining fertilizer and the treatment of 30% reduction could significantly improve the yield of tuber mustard and fertilizer utilization efficiency,and have popularization and application value in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.展开更多
文摘Native orchid species of Singapore in their natural conditions experience stress from high irradiance, high temperatures and periods of extended low rainfall, which impact orchid plant physiology and lead to reduced growth and productivity. In this study, it was found that there was a reduction in photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in 6 native orchid species under high light (HL) and Bulbophyllum membranaceum under low light (LL). There was chronic photoinhibition in these 6 orchid species over a period of 3 months after transplanting onto the tree trunks without watering and fertilization, especially in Coelogynes mayeriana and Bulbophyllum membranaceum under both HL and LL. This chronic photoinhibition caused by sustained period of water deficit in their natural conditions was later reversed by natural re-watering conditions from higher rainfall. These results indicate that water deficit has a greater impact on photosynthetic light utilization efficiency than excess light. The present study also showed that after natural rewatering, relative water content (RWC) of leaves and pseudobulbs generally increased. During the natural re-watering, total leaf area also gradually increased and reached maximum expansion after 7 weeks under both HL and LL, with some exceptions due to leaf abscission or decline in total leaf area, possibly a strategy for water conservation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571303)Scientific Research Project for Follow-up Work of the Three Gorges(2015HXKY2-4-2)
文摘The effects of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer on yield,quality of tuber mustard,and fertilizer utilization efficiency were studied with the field experiments compared to the local tuber mustard fertilizer with equal amount of effective composition. The results showed that the yield of tuber mustard was 50 670-56 496 kg/ha in treatments of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer decreasing by 10%-40%,and compared with local tuber mustard fertilizer,the average yield was increased by 94. 8%. The yield increasing rate of tuber mustard was 93. 0%in treatment of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer decreasing by 30%. The average fertilizer utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was 54% and 39. 7%,respectively,the average increment of fertilizer utilization efficiency was 36% and 37%,respectively compared with local tuber mustard fertilizer. Especially in treatment of reducing nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer by 30%,the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency was increased by 64% and 56%,respectively. By comprehensive comparison,it was found that nano-carbon waterretaining fertilizer and the treatment of 30% reduction could significantly improve the yield of tuber mustard and fertilizer utilization efficiency,and have popularization and application value in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.