Effects of Collocational Congruency,Frequency and L2 Proficiency on the Processing of English Adjective-Noun Collocations

The present study investigates the effects of congruency and frequency on adjective-noun collocational processing for Chinese learners of English at two proficiency levels based on the data obtained in an online acceptability judgment task.The subject pool of this research included 60 English majors studying at a university in China;30 were selected as a higher-proficiency group and 30 as a lower-proficiency group according to their Vocabulary Levels Test(Schmitt et al.,2001)scores and their self-reported proficiency in English.The experimental materials were programmed to E-prime 2.0 and included six types of collocations:(1)15 high-frequency congruent collocations,(2)15 low-frequency congruent collocations,(3)15 high-frequency incongruent collocations,(4)15 low-frequency incongruent collocations,(5)15 Chinese-only items,and(6)75 unrelated items for baseline data.The collected response times(RTs)and accuracy rates data were statistically analyzed by the use of an ANOVA test and pairwise comparisons through SPSS 16.0 software.The results revealed that:(1)the adjective-noun collocational processing of Chinese English learners is influenced by collocational frequency,congruency and L2 proficiency;(2)the processing time is affected by the interaction of congruency and frequency;and(3)the interactive effect of L2 proficiency in conjunction with congruency and frequency also influences the processing quality.

V-N微合金化热轧因瓦合金的组织和性能

因瓦合金具有极低的热膨胀系数,但较低的力学强度严重制约其在结构材料领域的应用。为进一步提升因瓦合金的强度,借鉴微合金化思想,设计了V-N微合金化因瓦合金。采用维氏硬度计、拉伸试验机、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等研究了微量V、N对热轧因瓦合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,并分析其作用机理。结果表明:V-N微合金化因瓦合金的热轧组织显著细化,硬度和抗拉强度显著增加;随着N含量增加,其晶粒尺寸进一步细化,且分布更为均匀,抗拉强度进一步增加。V-N微合金化因瓦合金的基体上析出了大量细小、弥散分布的V(C,N)第二相,尺寸约为400 nm,其钉扎晶界和位错。细晶强化、析出强化和位错强化是V-N微合金化因瓦合金力学性能显著提升的主要原因。

Review of Collocation Methods and Applications in Solving Science and Engineering Problems

The collocation method is a widely used numerical method for science and engineering problems governed by partial differential equations.This paper provides a comprehensive review of collocation methods and their applications,focused on elasticity,heat conduction,electromagnetic field analysis,and fluid dynamics.The merits of the collocation method can be attributed to the need for element mesh,simple implementation,high computational efficiency,and ease in handling irregular domain problems since the collocation method is a type of node-based numerical method.Beginning with the fundamental principles of the collocation method,the discretization process in the continuous domain is elucidated,and how the collocation method approximation solutions for solving differential equations are explained.Delving into the historical development of the collocation methods,their earliest applications and key milestones are traced,thereby demonstrating their evolution within the realm of numerical computation.The mathematical foundations of collocation methods,encompassing the selection of interpolation functions,definition of weighting functions,and derivation of integration rules,are examined in detail,emphasizing their significance in comprehending the method’s effectiveness and stability.At last,the practical application of the collocation methods in engineering contexts is emphasized,including heat conduction simulations,electromagnetic coupled field analysis,and fluid dynamics simulations.These specific case studies can underscore collocation method’s broad applicability and effectiveness in addressing complex engineering challenges.In conclusion,this paper puts forward the future development trend of the collocation method through rigorous analysis and discussion,thereby facilitating further advancements in research and practical applications within these fields.

A Collocation Technique via Pell-Lucas Polynomials to Solve Fractional Differential EquationModel for HIV/AIDS with Treatment Compartment

In this study,a numerical method based on the Pell-Lucas polynomials(PLPs)is developed to solve the fractional order HIV/AIDS epidemic model with a treatment compartment.The HIV/AIDS mathematical model with a treatment compartment is divided into five classes,namely,susceptible patients(S),HIV-positive individuals(I),individuals with full-blown AIDS but not receiving ARV treatment(A),individuals being treated(T),and individuals who have changed their sexual habits sufficiently(R).According to the method,by utilizing the PLPs and the collocation points,we convert the fractional order HIV/AIDS epidemic model with a treatment compartment into a nonlinear system of the algebraic equations.Also,the error analysis is presented for the Pell-Lucas approximation method.The aim of this study is to observe the behavior of five populations after 200 days when drug treatment is applied to HIV-infectious and full-blown AIDS people.To demonstrate the usefulness of this method,the applications are made on the numerical example with the help of MATLAB.In addition,four cases of the fractional order derivative(p=1,p=0.95,p=0.9,p=0.85)are examined in the range[0,200].Owing to applications,we figured out that the outcomes have quite decent errors.Also,we understand that the errors decrease when the value of N increases.The figures in this study are created in MATLAB.The outcomes indicate that the presented method is reasonably sufficient and correct.

Idioms,Collocations,Formulaic Phrases and Second Language Acquisition

Idioms,collocations,and formulaic phrases are three factors playing the important role in the second language acquisition(SLA).This essay firstly deals with the definitions of these concepts,then it illustrates the importance of them to SLA on two perspectives—idioms,collocations,and formulaic phrases respectively and they regarded as a whole.Therefore,in this way,the essay may lead to the answer the question“How are idioms,collocations,and formulaic phrases important to SLA?”

Study on collocations in English writing by Chinese students

This study attempted to identify the characteristics of collocations and determine the existence of a relationship between collocations and coherence in writing by Chinese students. This study produced the following results： （1） Common mistaken collocations are seen in the writings by Chinese non-English and English majors; specifically, both English majors and non-English majors made more lexical collocational mistakes than grammatical collocational mistakes in terms of the total number of mistakes and in the type of mistaken collocations; （2） No evident relationship between the correct usage of collocations and coherence is found in the writings of non-English majors as compared to that of English majors. Thus, we can conclude that with the development of skills with the English language, the relationship between the correct use of collocations and coherence becomes increasingly stronger.

V-N微合金钢Q550D静态再结晶行为

使用MMS-200热模拟实验机研究V-N微合金钢Q550D的静态再结晶行为,获得了其真应力-真应变曲线,同时分析了不同工艺参数对其静态再结晶过程的影响.结果表明:随着变形温度、道次间隔时间、应变量和应变速率的增加,实验钢静态软化率升高.根据实验结果计算得到该钢的静态再结晶激活能为389.4 kJ/mol,回归了静态再结晶动力学模型.

A Numerical Investigation Based on Exponential Collocation Method for Nonlinear SITR Model of COVID-19

In this work,the exponential approximation is used for the numerical simulation of a nonlinear SITR model as a system of differential equations that shows the dynamics of the new coronavirus(COVID-19).The SITR mathematical model is divided into four classes using fractal parameters for COVID-19 dynamics,namely,susceptible(S),infected(I),treatment(T),and recovered(R).The main idea of the presented method is based on the matrix representations of the exponential functions and their derivatives using collocation points.To indicate the usefulness of this method,we employ it in some cases.For error analysis of the method,the residual of the solutions is reviewed.The reported examples show that the method is reasonably efficient and accurate.

底吹氮气V-N微合金化研究

鉴于传统微合金化工艺所用钒氮合金具有成本高、能耗高、制备周期长等不足,提出了采用添加钒铁+底吹氮气的方式实现钢液快速增氮,从而达到V-N微合金化的目的。通过对不同底吹参数钢中氮含量的分析、珠光体组织表征和晶粒度评级、析出相诱导晶内铁素体形核机制分析,明确了在含钒钢液中底吹氮气可以实现快速增氮,氮含量随底吹时间的增加而提高,且氮含量越高越有利于晶粒细化、促进钢中V(C,N)的析出并使其分布更加弥散,证明添加钒铁+底吹氮气进行V-N微合金化是可行的。

Intensifier-Verb Collocations in Academic English by Chinese Learners Compared to Native-Speaker Students

It is difficult for L2 English learners in general, and especially Chinese learners of English, to form idiomatic collocations. This article presents a comparison of the use of intensifier-verb collocations in English by native speaker students and Chinese ESL learners, paying particular attention to verbs which collocate with intensifiers. The data consisted of written production from three corpora: two of these are native English corpora: the British Academic Written English(BAWE) Corpus and Michigan Corpus of Upper-Level Student Papers(MICUSP). The third one is a recently created Chinese Learner English corpus, Ten-thousand English Compositions of Chinese Learners(TECCL).Findings suggest that Chinese learners of English produce significantly more intensifier-verb collocations than native speaker students, but that their English attests a smaller variety of intensifier-verb collocations compared with the native speakers. Moreover, Chinese learners of English use the intensifier-verb collocation types just-verb, only-verb and really-verb very frequently compared with native speaker students. As regards verb collocates, the intensifiers hardly, clearly,well, strongly and deeply collocate with semantically different verbs in native and Chinese learner English. Compared with the patterns in Chinese learner English, the intensifiers in native speaker English collocate with a more stable and restricted set of verb collocates.

基于Triple-Collocation多源地表温度数据融合方法研究

为充分利用多源地表温度数据,提高区域尺度下地表温度精度,改善地表温度遥感产品的适用性。以淮河流域为研究区,Triple-Collocation(TC)方法为基础,采用最小二乘法,由中分辨率光谱成像仪(MODIS)地表温度与风云三号可见光红外扫描辐射计(FY-3C/VIRR)地表温度遥感产品,结合地面观测站实测数据,研究多源数据融合方法。将淮河流域39个气象站点分为融合站点与验证站点,由融合站点采用反距离插值(IDW)算法得到区域连续地表温度数据,与FY-3C/VIRR地表温度数据、MODIS地表温度数据,融合得到淮河流域地表温度。与地面验证站点对比分析表明,融合后的地表温度,其R^(2)、RMSE和MAE分别为0.98、1.10 K、0.88 K,优于MODIS地表温度的0.92、2.59 K、2.18 K和FY-3C地表温度产品的0.84、6.68 K、5.35 K,精度得到了显著的提高。淮河流域不同月份的温度变化季节性规律明显,且变化主要出现在中部及东部地区,最高温度变化值都达到了20 K以上。

A Corpus-based Comparative Study of the Semantic Collocations of English and Chinese THROW Verbs

A verb plays an vital role in a sentence, therefore the study of this perspective attracts numerous scholars. Particularly, corpus-based study has increasing attention in recent years. The present study chooses the THROW verbs in both English and Chi?nese as the subject. The author applies"collocated"function or"pattern query"in two corpus, then analyzes the distinctions of the semantic collocation of the THROW verbs. The findings show that although these verbs belong to the same categorization in a limit?ed range of the specific histories and cultures, there is no one-to-one corresponding relation of these THROW verbs in translation across the two languages.

BITS: an efficient transport solver based on a collocation method with B-spline basis

A B-spline Interpolation Transport Solver(BITS) based on a collocation method is developed. It solves transport equations as a generalized interpolation problem, taking the first-order accuracy in time and the second-order accuracy in space along with a predictor–corrector or under-relaxation iteration method. Numerical tests show that BITS can solve one-dimensional transport equations for tokamak plasma more accurately without additional computation cost, compared to the finite difference method transport solver which is widely used in existing tokamak transport codes.

Finite Element Orthogonal Collocation Approach for Time Fractional Telegraph Equation with Mamadu-Njoseh Polynomials

Finite element method (FEM) is an efficient numerical tool for the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). It is one of the most general methods when compared to other numerical techniques. PDEs posed in a variational form over a given space, say a Hilbert space, are better numerically handled with the FEM. The FEM algorithm is used in various applications which includes fluid flow, heat transfer, acoustics, structural mechanics and dynamics, electric and magnetic field, etc. Thus, in this paper, the Finite Element Orthogonal Collocation Approach (FEOCA) is established for the approximate solution of Time Fractional Telegraph Equation (TFTE) with Mamadu-Njoseh polynomials as grid points corresponding to new basis functions constructed in the finite element space. The FEOCA is an elegant mixture of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Orthogonal Collocation Method (OCM). Two numerical examples are experimented on to verify the accuracy and rate of convergence of the method as compared with the theoretical results, and other methods in literature.

A Comparative Study on Verb-Noun Collocation Errors of Chinese EFL Learners with Different Language Proficiency

This study presents a comparative analysis of verb-noun collocation errors made by Chinese EFL learners with different language proficiency.Linguistic data from two sub-corpora of CLEC(Chinese Learner English Corpus,Gui&Yang,1999)consist of the compositions written freely by Chinese senior high school students(ST2)and the 3rd-and 4th-year English majors of Chinese universities(ST6).The study results show that four types of verb-noun collocation errors are frequently made due to incorrect L1 translation,misuse of relative synonyms,misuse of delexical verbs,and misuse of part of speech;the number of errors decreases with the development of language proficiency,especially errors by incorrect L1 translation and relative synonyms.And for both ST2 and ST6 EFL learners,errors resulted from incorrect L1 translation account for nearly a half with the same high-frequency words.It is also found that ST6 learners’competence in collocation and synonym identification doesn’t grow with the increase of their vocabulary,as is shown in the case of overusing delexical verbs in collocation,the same error made by ST2 learners,who have a significantly weaker command of delexical verbs.Implications of the findings are also discussed with the purpose of raising the awareness of collocation pedagogy and enhancing EFL learners’collocation competence.

非圆形隧洞衬砌支护下应力与位移的新解法

以往在利用平面弹性复变函数方法进行衬砌支护作用下非圆形隧洞的力学分析时,一般将洞室外域保角映射到象平面的单位圆外域,并认为可以利用同一个映射函数将衬砌截面映射到象平面的圆环域内。当衬砌厚度很薄时,这种方法是可行的,而当衬砌相对较厚时,利用同一映射函数所得到的衬砌截面形状发生严重失真。为解决此问题,本文引入两套映射函数,分别将洞室外域映射到象平面的单位圆的圆外域,衬砌截面映射到圆环域。这种方法可以适应于不同的衬砌厚度,利用这种方式获得的衬砌截面,在衬砌较厚时仍能保证衬砌厚度相对均匀。在求解解析函数过程中不再采用传统的幂级数解法,而是使用边界配点法,将两套映射函数结合,获得了该问题的应力解和位移解。本文以马蹄形隧洞为例,求解结果与ANSYS软件所得数值解吻合很好,分析了衬砌厚度对隧洞应力和位移的影响。根据本文解答可以方便、快捷地进行相近条件下隧道的初步设计。

同译同形性对韩国留学生汉语三字组合加工的影响

同译性,即词语搭配在母语和目的语中的翻译具有一致性,对二语词汇加工的影响已经在多种不同语言的习得中得到验证。但是,当母语和目的语同属汉字文化圈时,在翻译同译性的基础上词语之间还存在是否同形的差异。本文通过词汇判断实验,考察在具备同译性条件下,同形性对韩国留学生汉语三字组合加工的影响。结果显示,同译同形性对三字组合加工有影响,具体表现为同译同形组的反应时比同译不同形组更短,二者差异达到显著水平。本研究支持双语词汇通达的非选择性激活。

汉语框架语义网中词元语义搭配模式确定规则研究

机器理解自然语言和抽取信息涉及对词汇语义信息和句法信息两项重要内容的理解。汉语框架语义知识库(CFN)的词元语义搭配模式记录了词元与框架元素、词元与句法的组合方式,为机器自动进行语义分析和信息抽取提供了资源。而目前的词元语义搭配模式的数量多,机器确定并应用词元语义搭配模式存在一定困难,且框架元素间的关系比较模糊,词元配价成分的语义信息存在歧义,使机器不能准确理解和抽取文本信息。采用基于规则的方法,根据词元配价成分的语义信息和语义特征、词元外部的语境和框架元素提炼规则,可以使机器能够更准确地理解与抽取文本的语义信息。

V-N微合金化钢筋中钒的析出行为

研究了氮对含钒微合金化钢筋中钒的析出行为的影响。实验结果表明 :低氮钒钢中 ,大部分钒固溶于铁素体基体 ,比例高达 5 6 % ,只有 35 .5 %钒形成 V (C,N) ;高氮钒钢中 ,70 %的钒析出形成 V(C,N) ,只有2 0 %的钒固溶于基体。钢中增氮还减小了 V(C,N)颗粒尺寸 ,明显增加细小 V(C,N)析出相的体积分数。