Aroma compounds are low-molecular-weight organic volatile molecules and are broadly utilized in the food industry.However,due to their high volatility and evaporative losses during processing and storage,the stabiliza...Aroma compounds are low-molecular-weight organic volatile molecules and are broadly utilized in the food industry.However,due to their high volatility and evaporative losses during processing and storage,the stabilization of these volatile ingredients using encapsulation is a commonly investigated practice.Complexation of aroma compounds using starch inclusion complex could be a potential approach due to the hydrophobicity of the left-handed single helical structure.In the present study,we used starch of three different V-type structures,namely V,V,and V,to encapsulate six different aroma compounds,including1-decanol(DN),cis-3-hexen-1-ol(HN),4-allylanisole(AN),γ-decalactone(DA),trans-cinnamaldehyde(CA),and citral(CT).The formed inclusion complexes samples were characterized using complementary techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results showed that upon complexation with aroma compounds,all V-subtypes retained their original crystalline structures.However,different trends of crystallinity were observed for each type of the prepared inclusion complexes.Additionally,among three V-type starches,V-type starch formed inclusion complexes with aroma compounds most efficiently and promoted the formation of FormⅡcomplex.This study suggested that the structure of aroma compounds and the type of V starch could both affect the complexation properties.展开更多
We present a statistical investigation of the degree of influence that assumptions made in relation to the mechanical parameters of a pylon have on its ground-induced vibrations.The study is set up by using as a key k...We present a statistical investigation of the degree of influence that assumptions made in relation to the mechanical parameters of a pylon have on its ground-induced vibrations.The study is set up by using as a key kinematic variable the displacement at the top of a reference,a stand-alone pylon with a uniform cross-section and fixity at its base.Next,statistics are produced using a dimensionless displacement ratio defined between the‘parental’and the‘subsidiary’cases,the latter defined for the pylon(a)resting on compliant soil,(b)having an attached top mass,and(c)being non-uniform with height.Furthermore,two materials are examined,namely,steel and reinforced concrete(R/C).More specifically,this displacement ratio is independent of the excitation and plays the role of a transfer function between the base and the top of the pylon.Both horizontal and vertical motions are considered,and the equations of motion are solved in the frequency domain.The ensuing statistical analysis is conducted for the following parameter combinations:(a)pylon founded on soft,intermediate,and stiff soil;(b)low,intermediate,and high-mass ratios of the attached mass to the pylon′s mass;(c)a constant and quadratic degree of pylon tapering with height.Spearman correlation coefficients are calculated for all the above combinations to arrive at statistical results that establish validity bounds and quantify the degree of influence of each assumption on the pylon′s response.展开更多
基金funded by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Program,Competitive Grants Program award from the Improving Food Quality(A1361)program FY 2018 as grant#2018-67017-27558。
文摘Aroma compounds are low-molecular-weight organic volatile molecules and are broadly utilized in the food industry.However,due to their high volatility and evaporative losses during processing and storage,the stabilization of these volatile ingredients using encapsulation is a commonly investigated practice.Complexation of aroma compounds using starch inclusion complex could be a potential approach due to the hydrophobicity of the left-handed single helical structure.In the present study,we used starch of three different V-type structures,namely V,V,and V,to encapsulate six different aroma compounds,including1-decanol(DN),cis-3-hexen-1-ol(HN),4-allylanisole(AN),γ-decalactone(DA),trans-cinnamaldehyde(CA),and citral(CT).The formed inclusion complexes samples were characterized using complementary techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results showed that upon complexation with aroma compounds,all V-subtypes retained their original crystalline structures.However,different trends of crystallinity were observed for each type of the prepared inclusion complexes.Additionally,among three V-type starches,V-type starch formed inclusion complexes with aroma compounds most efficiently and promoted the formation of FormⅡcomplex.This study suggested that the structure of aroma compounds and the type of V starch could both affect the complexation properties.
基金support of the German Research Foundation (DFG) through Grant SM 281/20-1the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) under the 3rd Call for PhD fellowships (Fellowship Number: 6522)
文摘We present a statistical investigation of the degree of influence that assumptions made in relation to the mechanical parameters of a pylon have on its ground-induced vibrations.The study is set up by using as a key kinematic variable the displacement at the top of a reference,a stand-alone pylon with a uniform cross-section and fixity at its base.Next,statistics are produced using a dimensionless displacement ratio defined between the‘parental’and the‘subsidiary’cases,the latter defined for the pylon(a)resting on compliant soil,(b)having an attached top mass,and(c)being non-uniform with height.Furthermore,two materials are examined,namely,steel and reinforced concrete(R/C).More specifically,this displacement ratio is independent of the excitation and plays the role of a transfer function between the base and the top of the pylon.Both horizontal and vertical motions are considered,and the equations of motion are solved in the frequency domain.The ensuing statistical analysis is conducted for the following parameter combinations:(a)pylon founded on soft,intermediate,and stiff soil;(b)low,intermediate,and high-mass ratios of the attached mass to the pylon′s mass;(c)a constant and quadratic degree of pylon tapering with height.Spearman correlation coefficients are calculated for all the above combinations to arrive at statistical results that establish validity bounds and quantify the degree of influence of each assumption on the pylon′s response.
