利用多层视觉网络模型进行图像局部特征表征的方法

为了寻求代价更小、效率更高、适应性更强的图像局部特征表征方法,提出一种基于视觉机制的多层网络计算模型.首先对初级视皮层中的简单细胞和复杂细胞等神经元进行建模;然后对腹侧视通路上的V4区神经元和下颞叶皮层区神经元的响应模式进行研究,并利用该计算模型对输入图像进行局部特征的表征.实验结果表明,与传统的图像特征描述方法相比,该模型所提取的图像局部特征具有足够的区分度;此外,利用生物视觉模型提取出的图像局部特征在具有复杂背景的场景中显示出了更加优秀的泛化能力.

Cracking the Snake Detection Theory: The Subcortical Visual Pathway as a Major Player in Cultural Transformations

According to the proposed hypothesis, graphic characters trigger the subcortical visual route. The reaction discussed is very weak. Yet, its very existence has an unusual importance: characters and (occluded) venomous snakeskin patterns reveal themselves as conflatable. Furthermore, following tractogra- phic research, a functional segregation of the subcortical pathway is to be presupposed. Thus, there can’t be a later dissociation of two stimuli previously associated. The outcomes of lecture will gradually appear probabilistically (much) more peaceful than encountering a venomous snake, though, and thus a continuous lessening of the reaction is expectable. Here, on one hand, it is relevant that the subcortical visual pathway goes to the amygdala. The reactions we describe tap into goal-oriented processes, and they will do that unfettered. On the other hand, in the case of characters, since the beginning, fear has been converted into appetition to a great degree. This process should be fostered in the presence of light. In this way, luminosity might become a conditioned stimulus for attraction. In this case, a Pavlovian addiction for light will foster, yet also—from the point of view of reward feeling—counterbalance the lessening of the stimulation elicited by characters. The addiction we refer to is one towards light accompanied by graphic signs. Yet, as opposed to the case of the luminous medium, the attention captured by the later ones taken for themselves is continuously reduced.

四磨汤对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道细菌丰度及功能基因的影响

目的探讨四磨汤对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道细菌丰度及功能基因的影响,为其疗效机制提供依据。方法采用番泻叶泄泻、饥饱失常和控制饮食等复合因素建立小鼠脾虚便秘模型,造模成功后,治疗组小鼠分别用四磨汤和枳术汤灌胃,模型组和正常组小鼠用无菌水灌胃。造模结束和治疗结束后分别提取小鼠肠道微生物总DNA,进行16SrDNA V4区测序。结果脾虚便秘造模降低了小鼠肠道细菌丰度,四磨汤治疗后,小鼠肠道细菌丰度整体水平上与模型组比较差异不显著。基于功能基因分析,造模降低了小鼠细胞信号传导、能量代谢、脂质代谢和一些辅酶、维生素代谢等的作用,提高了核苷酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢和酶类等的水平。四磨汤口服液治疗后,小鼠的肠道细菌功能基因碳水化合物代谢、能量代谢、氨基酸代谢、核苷酸代谢、脂质代谢、多糖生物合成、遗传信息复制、翻译和跨膜运输等方面要显著高于其余各组。结论脾虚便秘小鼠降低了肠道细菌能量、糖类和脂质代谢,四磨汤可能通过提高肠道细菌能量和营养物质的代谢,提高遗传信息的复制、转录、翻译和跨膜转运水平来达到治疗脾虚便秘的效果。基于功能基因的角度分析为小鼠肠道细菌的改变提供了依据。