VAE废水和废渣的利用

介绍了 VAE废水和废渣在涂料、粘合剂、水泥改性以及保温材料加工中的应用情况。

Advances in Research on Comprehensive Utilization of Tea Waste

China is a big producer and consumer of tea. A huge amount of tea waste is produced in China every year, resulting in environmental pollution and enormous natural resources waste. From the perspective of utilization way, this pa- per summarized the research progresses in tea waste as a raw material for ex- tracting active ingredients and preparing absorbent, activated carbon, bio-organic fer- tilizer, animal feed and nutrients for edible fungi cultivation. In addition, the develop- ment trend of comprehensive utilization of tea waste was prospected. It is found that the comprehensive utilization of tea waste using a variety of techniques can im- prove the utilization efficiency of tea waste and reduce production costs. Finally, a simple and practical comprehensive utilization program was proposed to provide a reference for practical application.

Site Selection of Waste Slag Yard and Design of Protective Measures in Water Supply Project of Drawing from the Songhua River in Central Cities of Jilin

Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection of waste slag yard of water diversion project and design of water and soil conservation measures are discussed.Rationality of site selection of waste slag yard and pertinence of prevention and control measures of water and soil loss in waste slag yard are analyzed,and comprehensive utilization of waste slag in large-scale production and construction projects is explored.

Field Utilization of Dried Water Hyacinth for Phosphorous Recovery from Source-Separated Human Urine

This research demonstrated the feasibility of converting source-separated human urine into a solid fertilizer by means of continuous absorption and solar thermal evaporation using dried water hyacinth as adsorbent. In a preliminary experiment, the dried petioles of water hyacinth (DWH) absorbed urine in a mean rate of 18.78 ml·g-1 within 7 d, retrieving about 3.46% urine dissolved solids (UDS). In an advanced experiment, the DWH’s capacity of urine absorption declined from an initial 2.73 L·kg-1·d-1 to 0.68 L·kg-1·d-1, with a requirement of material change in about 25 effective days and an average ratio of 25 (L) to 1 (kg). Phosphorus (P2O5) concentration in the adsorbent increased from 0.46% (material baseline) to 3.14% (end product), suggesting a satisfactory recovery of the element. In field application, the urine was discharged, not in wet weather, onto the DWH via a tube connected to a waterless urinal. There are several ways to use the UDS-DWH as P(K)-rich fertilizer, e.g., making soluble fertilizer for foliage spraying to encourage prolific flowering and fruiting. Apparently, utilization of water hyacinth waste to recover dissolved plant nutrient elements from source-separated urine will benefit the environment in a wide range of perspectives. The herein innovative use of water hyacinth is also expected to be useful in the recycling of certain dissolved hazardous materials.

Optimization of hydrothermal pretreatment for co-utilization of xylose and glucose of cassava anaerobic residue for producing ethanol

The development of a process that could recover biofuel from industrial cellulose waste can not only reduce the negative environmental impacts by using fossil fuels, but also bring a green idea for the waste’s disposing. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatment was optimized for cassava anaerobic residue, a cellulosic waste from cassava ethanol industry, to co-utilize xylose and glucose for producing bioethanol. The effect of the main pretreatment conditions, namely, temperature, solid content and time, was explored for the highest recovery of xylose in prehydrolysate and glucose in enzymatic hydrolysate. The single factor experiment results showed that the conditions for maximum xylose recovery in prehydrolysate and glucose recovery in enzymatic hydrolysate were 60℃, 75 min, 10% solids and 160℃, 75 min, 10% solids, respectively. Whereafter, response surface methodology(RSM) was applied to further optimize the pretreatment conditions for the maximum theoretical ethanol production through utilizing both xylose and glucose. A treatment at 163℃, for 59 min and with 9.5%solids was found optimal, with the highest ethanol production of 20.2 mg·g^-1 raw material. Furthermore, in order to assess the impacts of the pretreatment on cassava anaerobic residue, the changes in crystallinity and morphology for untreated and pretreated solids were investigated.

High Water Content Material Based on Ba-Bearing Sulphoaluminate Cement

A new type of high water content material which is made up of two pastes is prepared, one is refute from lime and gypsum, and another is based on Ba-bearing sulphoaluminate cement. It has excellent properties such as slow single paste solidifing ,fust double pustes solidifing ,fast coagulating and hardening, high early strength, good suspeasion property at high W/C ratio and low cost. Meanwhile, the properties and hydration mechanism of the material were analyzed by using XRD, DTA- TG and SEM. The hydrated products of new type of high water content material are Ba-bearing ettringite, BaSO4 , aluminum gel and C-S-H gel.

Preparation of colloidal Sb_2O_5 from arsenic-alkali residue

The stable colloidal antimony pentoxide was prepared by oxidation of the mixture of Sb2O3 and Sb2O5 obtained from arsenic-alkali residue by hydrometallurgical process, with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and phosphoric acid as stabilizer. Effects of main factors were investigated. The theories on thermodynamics, kinetics and electrical double layer（EDL） were used to analyze the experimental phenomena and results. The results show that no aging time is the most beneficial to forming colloid, when molar ratio of phosphoric acid to antimony is in the range from （0.8） to 1.0 and 1.0 to 1.3, the particle sizes of sol with the concentration of 10% and 15% antimony pentoxide by mass are both smaller. With increasing concentration of the mixture of antimony oxide from 10% to 20%, the reaction time decreases from 90 to about 30min, but the optimized range of molar ratio of H3PO4 to antimony increases. The reaction temperature is not the main factor on particle size with the existence of H3PO4 in the temperature range from 60 to 90℃.

Synthesis and Characterization of High-purity Aluminum Titanate with Water Quenching Method

High-purity aluminum titanate was synthesized via a water quenching method with waste-residue in the aluminum factory and industrial TiO2 as the main raw materials, which belongs to the comprehensive utilization of solid wastes. Compared with the conventional method, it can reduce synthesis temperature, effectively inhibit decomposition and raise the content of AT; the addition of tiny silicon powder can improve the sintering and optimize the properties of AT. The crystalline phase structure and microstructure of each sample were characterized with XRD and SEM methods; the content of each crystalline phase in each sample was confirmed with Rietveld Quantification method; the properties of each sample were also tested. The experimental results showed that No. 4 is the optimum specimen, with the corresponding mass ratio of Al2O3/TiO2 to be 1.27 and the content of AT of 97.2 wt%. The addition of optimum tiny silicon powder is confirmed to be 8wt%; its corresponding bulk density is 2.63 g/cm^3, bending strength is 46.34 MPa, and the retention of one thermal vibration bending strength is 71.5%.

赤泥基吸附剂的应用研究进展

赤泥是氧化铝生产过程中所排放的一种强碱性固体废弃物,每年排放量巨大且利用率低,造成了严重的资源浪费和环境污染,如何有效资源化回收利用赤泥是亟须解决的问题。从赤泥的危害、理化性质和综合利用现状出发,对赤泥基吸附剂的应用研究进展进行了详细综述。赤泥粒度细、比表面积和孔隙率较高,含有多种活性成分,适合制备吸附剂以处理含污废水。然而,赤泥若直接应用于污水处理,处理能力有限,并且高碱性的赤泥若直接用于处理污水,会使溶液p H值升高。为此,常采用一系列的活化工艺对赤泥进行活化,制备赤泥基吸附剂。活化工艺不仅可以提高赤泥基吸附剂的吸附性能,还在一定程度上可以预防赤泥造成二次污染。目前常用的赤泥活化工艺主要有酸活化工艺、热活化工艺以及中和活化工艺。酸活化工艺可明显提升赤泥对阴离子的吸附效果;热活化工艺可减少传质阻力、高温造孔并使矿物转化,但成本较高;中和活化赤泥常用于处理金属阳离子。联合活化技术能综合利用单一活化技术的优点,使活化后的赤泥有更好的吸附性能,但联合活化技术操作较为复杂,成本也更高,导致现有的联合活化技术在工业上很难被大规模应用。目前,赤泥基吸附剂已被研究用于处理污水中的非金属阴离子、金属阳离子和有机污染物。列举了赤泥基吸附剂去除废水中的阴离子和重金属阳离子的实例,阐述了其去除机理:赤泥基吸附剂对一些废水中特定的污染物,如PO_(4)^(3-)、F^(-)、AsO_(4)^(3-)等表现出良好的吸附性能,其主要通过表面络合、离子交换和沉淀作用去除废水中的阴离子污染物;经过活化改性后的赤泥能有效去除水中如铅、铜、铬等重金属阳离子,针对不同的目标阳离子,去除机理也有所不同,主要包括离子交换、共沉淀、静电吸引、“阳离子-π”相互作用、络合作用和物理吸附等。但目前对赤泥基吸附剂对各种污染物的去除机理尚未完全明确,且对多种污染物同时存在下的竞争吸附体系研究较少。综上分析指出,在未来赤泥基吸附剂的研究中,寻找便捷、廉价的活化工艺方法制备新型、高效、环保的吸附剂,提高赤泥基吸附剂的吸附性能是一个重要的研究方向。同时,在赤泥基吸附剂的制备和处理废弃物的研究中,应加强制备机理和吸附机理的研究,为赤泥基吸附剂的生产和工业应用提供理论指导。

费托合成废催化剂蜡渣掺混对工业水煤浆成浆特性的影响

将蜡渣以不同比例掺入工业水煤浆中制备环保型水煤浆,可实现费托合成废催化剂蜡渣资源化、无害化处理。利用旋转流变仪测定浆体的最大成浆浓度、流变性等,借助Zeta电位仪定量分析添加蜡渣对于水煤浆稳定性的影响,使用FTIR表征煤、蜡渣颗粒表面的官能团,利用SEM和接触角测量仪对煤和蜡渣表面形貌和接触角进行分析,通过绘制蜡渣水煤浆的稳定分散图,探究蜡渣的掺混对成浆特性的影响机制。结果表明:随着蜡渣添加量的增加,浆体表观黏度增大,最大成浆浓度降低,水煤浆和蜡渣水煤浆都表现出剪切变稀的假塑性特征;加入蜡渣后,浆体的Zeta电位有所增大,蜡渣水煤浆的析水率与相同浓度的工业水煤浆的析水率相比区别不大;通过红外光谱仪及接触角分析仪分析可知,蜡渣表面活性差,疏水性强,进入水煤浆后,水会在蜡渣颗粒表面聚结,造成浆体中自由水损失,从而造成黏度增加,最大成浆浓度降低;同时由于煤表面形成了水化膜,其表面亲水,蜡渣表面疏水,在体系中二者不会发生团聚,所以蜡渣的加入对浆体的稳定性起到了一定的积极作用。

盾构渣土余泥处理与应用技术

我国的盾构施工技术已经较为成熟,盾构渣土余泥作为盾构施工中产生的建筑废弃物,其资源化发展和综合性应用也正受到社会的广泛关注。本文详细介绍了盾构渣土余泥的理化性能,并整理了脱水技术和除铁技术两大预处理技术。而在盾构渣土余泥的综合利用方面,本文围绕其作为盾构施工的辅助材料、利用其潜在水硬性生产高性能产品以及制作烧结类产品等几个方面做了重点介绍。盾构渣土余泥的资源化发展和综合性的应用具有较高的市场前景,也具有深远的环保意义。

花岗岩废料与玻璃废渣制备发泡陶瓷的研究

本文以花岗岩废料和玻璃废渣为原料、SiC为发泡剂,采用粉末烧结法制备了高孔隙率、低吸水率的全固废发泡陶瓷,探究了花岗岩废料和玻璃废渣配合比、烧结温度、发泡剂掺量对发泡陶瓷孔结构及性能的影响。结果表明:花岗岩废料形成了发泡陶瓷的骨架结构,玻璃废渣具有助熔作用;当玻璃废渣掺量为20%(质量分数)时,烧结温度降低了40℃。在1110~1150℃下制备的发泡陶瓷抗压强度为2.23~0.41 MPa,体积密度为468.41~326.31 kg/m^(3),孔隙率为79.15%~86.81%,吸水率为0.96%~1.00%,平均孔径为0.49~1.43 mm,实现了对发泡陶瓷孔径的有效调控,满足了不同应用场景对发泡陶瓷不同孔径的需求。本研究为花岗岩废料和玻璃废渣的规模化利用及不同孔径发泡陶瓷的制备提供了技术支持。

Disposal of zinc extraction residues via iron ore sintering process:an innovative resource utilization

Zinc extraction residue,a solid waste generated from the treatment of zinc-containing dust in rotary kilns,is commonly stockpiled in steel companies for extended periods.It poses significant disposal challenges and environmental pollution risks.So far,research on the treatment of zinc extraction residues has been slow,inadequate,and sporadic.For this gap,a novel approach was proposed to effectively treat the zinc extraction residue via the iron ore sintering process.It was feasible to add 1 wt.%of zinc extraction residues to the sintering raw materials.The more adequate mineralization reaction resulted in higher yield and tumbler indexes,despite a slight decrease in sintering speed.Although this may result in a slight decrease in sintering speed,the more complete mineralization reaction leads to improved sintering yield and tumbler index.Interestingly,the addition of zinc extraction residues reduced the CO and NO_(x) concentrations in the sintering flue gas.Thus,the iron ore sintering process provided a viable solution for resource utilization and environmentally friendly treatment of zinc extraction residues.

含铍废渣陶瓷的制备及其性能研究

为实现含铍废渣的资源化利用,以含铍废渣为原料之一,二氧化硅、氧化铝和氧化镁为骨料,利用硅酸盐水泥作为黏合剂,辅以氧化钙、粉煤灰和二氧化钛组合成复合添加剂采用直接凝固注模成型法制备了含铍高性能陶瓷.探究了添加剂配比和煅烧条件对铍浸出浓度的影响,并研究了不同陈化时间、保温时间和煅烧温度下制备的烧结试样的微观结构、强度、密度和耐热性能.研究结果表明骨料、铍渣、硅酸盐水泥和复合添加剂(其中氧化钙、粉煤灰和二氧化钛质量比为5∶5∶1)质量比值为60.8∶4∶6∶11时,所得含铍陶瓷样品铍浸出浓度低于国标限值,调整制备参数后可低至0.0107 mg·L^(-1),且具有较好抗压强度和耐热性.最佳制备条件为陈化8 h、在1200℃下保温煅烧4 h.该技术可为铍渣的综合利用提供一条有效的途径.

高吸水树脂改良煤矸石基质水分特性

【目的】探究不同质量分数的高吸水树脂(SAP)对矿区煤矸石基质容重、孔隙度、毛管水运移规律和保水性等方面的改善状况,阐明SAP最佳使用量下煤矸石基质的水分运移规律,为无土矿区煤矸石基质水分条件改善提供依据,实现矿区煤矸石固废资源化利用,为植被生长提供适宜条件。【方法】通过室内土柱试验模拟质量分数0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%的SAP对煤矸石基质水分运移规律的影响。【结果】(1)SAP可以改善煤矸石基质物理性质,随SAP使用量的增加,煤矸石基质容重呈下降趋势,总孔隙度与毛管孔隙度呈上升趋势;(2)SAP会极显著抑制煤矸石毛管水上升高度,且质量分数在0%~0.4%范围内,随SAP使用量的增加抑制效果逐渐增强,但当SAP质量分数为0.4%时,对煤矸石毛管水抑制程度较0.3%差异不显著;(3)最小显著差异法拟合分析得到:煤矸石毛管水上升高度随时间变化呈幂函数增加趋势(P<0.01),上升速率与时间变化呈对数函数下降趋势;(4)在室内通风条件下,72 h内不同SAP质量分数的煤矸石基质含水率持续降低,纯煤矸石(SAP质量分数0%)基质含水率下降趋势最大,水分损失率为15.96%,SAP质量分数为0.3%与0.4%下降趋势较小,水分损失率分别为3.90%和3.52%,差异不显著,且作用时间越长,SAP的保水性能表现越突出。【结论】SAP可以改善煤矸石基质水分条件,且在一定范围内,含量越高改善效果越显著。因此从经济和效果两方面考虑,首选质量分数为0.3%的SAP应用于无土矿区煤矸石基质中,为植被生长提供适宜的水气条件。

三种废渣吸附剂对稀土氨氮废水的吸附动力学研究

以改性的粉煤灰、煤矸石、水淬渣作为材料,研究了三种废渣稀土氨氮废水中氨氮的吸附性能及其吸附动力学行为,讨论了吸附平衡时间、反应级数、吸附速率控制步骤,并将三种废渣的吸附性能进行比较。实验结果表明:粉煤灰与水淬渣较先达到吸附平衡,煤矸石与准二级动力学拟合直线的相关性最好为0.997 8,化学反应是改性粉煤灰、改性水淬渣吸附氨氮的主要控制步骤,液膜扩散、颗粒扩散是改性煤矸石吸附氨氮的主要控制步骤。

区域弃渣综合利用信息管理平台研究与设计

随着城镇化进程加快,生产建设项目产生的弃渣日益增多。弃渣的全过程管理是水土保持工作的重点和难点,弃渣资源化利用也是环境保护与城市可持续发展的关键环节。本文构建区域弃渣综合利用信息管理平台,技术架构采用云原生技术、微服务架构以及容器化部署等方法,功能模块包括数据采集与智能分类、资源匹配与优化、环境监测与评估等,确保平台的高度扩展性和可靠性。通过实施该平台,促进弃渣的减量化、资源化,提升区域弃渣资源化利用效率和智能化管理水平。

煤气化渣性能和应用研究进展

随着煤气化技术的蓬勃发展,导致煤气化渣的堆积量不断增加,对土地、水源和大气造成严重污染,迫切需要采取有效措施进行处理。煤气化渣是煤气化进程的一种废料,含有丰富的二氧化硅和氧化铝等物质,由于其物理、化学性质稳定且环境友好,可进行再利用。对煤气化渣的成分构成、物理化学性质以及当前应用领域进行了概述和总结,对煤气化渣的挑战及实际应用中存在的问题进行了深入剖析,进一步探讨了煤气化渣在未来可能的应用前景。

热计量仪表在采出水余热利用项目中的应用

采出水余热利用是一种重要的能源回收方式,热计量仪表在采出水余热利用项目中起关键作用。介绍了热计量仪表在采出水余热利用项目中的应用,分析了热计量仪表的分类、选型与安装使用要求,研究了测量误差源,提出了测量误差控制措施。通过介绍,对采出水余热利用项目中热计量仪表的使用、测量误差的减小、测量准确性和可靠性的提高具有参考价值。

环北部湾广西水资源配置工程水土保持方案弃渣场设计

介绍了生产建设项目水土保持方案管理办法出台的背景。在梳理相关水土保持方案编制要求的基础上,分析环北部湾广西水资源配置工程水土保持方案弃渣场设计的具体内容,提出减少工程弃渣及综合利用、弃渣场选址与防护等方案。