A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Mass Propagation of <i>Vanilla planifolia</i>

The present study describes a direct shoot regeneration-based micropropagation procedure for Vanilla planifolia. Two types of explant (i.e. shoot apex and stem nodal segment) were screened for their shoot induction potential following a three-month treatment with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and &#945-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Results indicated that the shoot apices were poor candidates for shoot induction whereas the stem nodal segments showed potential for shoot initiation at a rate of up to 6 shoots/explant. Stem nodal segments were the most responsive as shoots formed (55 shoots) directly following treatments with 1 mg/L BAP at half strength MS medium after the third subculture. In addition, more shoots were produced on solid medium treatments compared to the liquid medium treatments in two strengths of mediums tested. Regenerated plantlets derived from the 1 mg/L of BAP treatment were induced to root following a one month culture in growth regulator-free MS medium. There was 90% survival rate of the rooted plantlets after acclimatization in the greenhouse. The findings in the present study would be helpful for large-scale mass propagation of Vanilla planifolia using this simple and efficient protocol.

Effects of <i>Bacillus cereus</i>F-6 on Promoting Vanilla (<i>Vanilla planifolia</i>Andrews.) Plant Growth and Controlling Stem and Root Rot Disease

A lipopeptide-producing bacterium, Bacillus cereus (F-6), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) plant cultivated on a plantation under 21 years of continuous cropping with vanilla. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the green fluorescent protein-tagged F-6 (F-6-gfp) and its bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) on vanilla plant growth and stem and root rot disease, using the same plantation soil. The application of BIO significantly increased the vanilla plant root, stem and leave dry weights;however, there was not a significant difference between the F-6-gfp-inoculated treatment and the control. Meanwhile, the BIO application also significantly reduced the severity of stem and root rot disease compared to the control. The rhizosphere soil population of Fusarium was approximately 10-fold smaller in the BIO treatment compared to the control treatment at 150 days after transplantation. The number of B. cereus F-6-gfp in the rhizosphere soil of the BIO treatment remained significantly higher than that of the F-6-gfp-inoculated treatment throughout the experiment. In conclusion, F-6-gfp successfully colonized the rhizosphere soil in the BIO treatment, promoting vanilla plant growth, reducing the disease severity index, and decreasing the Fusarium population number, helping to remove barriers to the continuous cropping of vanilla.

Integral Representations for the Price of Vanilla Put Options on a Basket of Two-Dividend Paying Stocks

This paper presents integral representations for the price of vanilla put options, namely, European and American put options on a basket of two-dividend paying stocks using integral method based on the double Mellin transform. We show that by the decomposition of the integral equation for the price of American basket put option, the integral equation for the price of European basket put option can be obtained directly.

Antioxidant Capacity in Vanilla Extracts Obtained by Applying Focused Microwaves

ORAC method and a continuous flow injection method based on Folin-Ciocalteau reaction (FI-FC) were used for determining the antioxidant activity in extracts obtained by using focused microwaves. Analysis of the antioxidant capacity (AC) of the main compounds of vanilla (vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid) was also carried out. Vanilla extracts obtained by using focused microwaves had a higher AC (between 72% and 117%) than the obtained by conventional methods. Vanillin had a linear correlation with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and it is the most influential compound in the antioxidant power. The AC calculated by the ORAC method and the FI-FC method had a ratio 2:1 because of different kinetics and reaction mechanisms of the antioxidants with the reagents, so it is necessary more than one method to establish the antioxidant power in food. On base on the results of the present study microwaves energy can be used to obtain vanilla extracts to improve the AC of them.

基于Vanilla算法的网络视频推荐策略研究

伴随移动互联网和通信技术的发展,人们对视频的需求日益凸显,互联网带来更多便捷的同时也带来了信息过载的问题.视频推荐系统的优点在于帮助视频网站挖掘用户的偏好信息,从人们精准信息获取的需求出发,以视频播放网站为研究对象,研究视频推荐算法的实现和视频推荐策略的生成,首先分析了已有视频推荐算法存在的问题,其次,借助Vanilla算法和专家排序的方法规避视频评分的个体差异性,再次,在最近邻用户选择的过程中,充分考虑社交网络中的情境信息,进而改善了推荐数据有效性和预测准确度的问题.最后,提取爱奇艺视频网站的实验数据,验证了推荐策略的科学性和有效性.

A chromosome-level,haplotype-phased Vanilla planifolia genome highlights the challenge of partial endoreplication for accurate wholegenome assembly

Vanilla planifolia, the species cultivated to produce one of the world’s most popular flavors, is highly proneto partial genome endoreplication, which leads to highly unbalanced DNA content in cells. We report herethe first molecular evidence of partial endoreplication at the chromosome scale by the assembly and annotation of an accurate haplotype-phased genome of V. planifolia. Cytogenetic data demonstrated that thediploid genome size is 4.09 Gb, with 16 chromosome pairs, although aneuploid cells are frequentlyobserved. Using PacBio HiFi and optical mapping, we assembled and phased a diploid genome of 3.4 Gbwith a scaffold N50 of 1.2 Mb and 59 128 predicted protein-coding genes. The atypical k-mer frequenciesand the uneven sequencing depth observed agreed with our expectation of unbalanced genome representation. Sixty-seven percent of the genes were scattered over only 30% of the genome, putatively linkinggene-rich regions and the endoreplication phenomenon. By contrast, low-coverage regions (non-endoreplicated) were rich in repeated elements but also contained 33% of the annotated genes. Furthermore, this assembly showed distinct haplotype-specific sequencing depth variation patterns, suggesting complexmolecular regulation of endoreplication along the chromosomes. This high-quality, anchored assemblyrepresents 83% of the estimated V. planifolia genome. It provides a significant step toward the elucidationof this complex genome. To support post-genomics efforts, we developed the Vanilla Genome Hub, a userfriendly integrated web portal that enables centralized access to high-throughput genomic and other omicsdata and interoperable use of bioinformatics tools.

一种基于GAN神经网络的行人轨迹的多模态分布分析方法

针对复杂场景中无人机动态预测行人轨迹具有挑战性,提出了一种新的Vanilla-GAN无人机预测行人轨迹方法。由于GAN非常容易受到模式崩溃和梯度下降的影响,Vanilla-GAN方法可以显著改进多模式行人轨迹预测,以避免这些问题。对真实数据和合成数据进行实验,在不同的轨迹数据集上评估不同方法在保持预测分布模式方面的性能,表明该方法能产生更多样点,并保持预测分布。

基于感官导向的香荚兰特征风味物质分析及重构

采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用法分析香荚兰提取物挥发性香气成分组成。以感官为导向,利用嗅觉阈值、香气活性值(odour active value,OAV)及香气重组实验研究香荚兰提取物特征风味物质并进行重构。结果表明,香荚兰提取物中共检出83种香气成分,与香荚兰提取物特征风味密切相关的奶香、甜香、酸香、膏香、焦香、豆香和辛香香韵特征成分共有34种。基于OAV判断香兰素、4-(乙氧基甲基)苯酚、愈创木酚、乙酸、4-乙烯基愈创木酚、香草醇乙醚等14种化合物为香荚兰提取物特征风味的关键贡献成分。14种关键贡献成分的重组样品具有香荚兰样的奶香、甜香、烟熏香和酸香,香荚兰特征香气风格辨识度明显,与香荚兰特征风味天然香原料的感官相似度达92.33%。香兰素、4-(乙氧基甲基)苯酚、愈创木酚、乙酸、4-乙烯基愈创木酚、香草醇乙醚、乳酸乙酯等14种化合物被鉴定为香荚兰特征风味物质,可作为香荚兰特征风味天然香原料质控的关键指标,也可为复配重构香荚兰特征风味添加剂提供物质基础。

香草兰超临界CO_2萃取工艺优化

使用国产超临界CO2萃取中试装置,利用均匀设计法研究了香草兰(Vanilla planifolia Andrews)的超临界萃取工艺。以萃取压力、萃取温度、夹带剂乙醇用量和萃取时间为考察因素,确定最佳萃取工艺条件为萃取压力30.9 MPa、萃取温度53.1℃、夹带剂乙醇用量1.53 mL/g、萃取时间135 min,此条件下香兰素的萃取率为19.56 mg/g。

不同方法提取驱蚊香草精油中化学成分的比较

[目的]比较不同方法提取的驱蚊香草精油的化学成分。[方法]应用GC/MS分别对2种方法提取的精油进行分离和检测。[结果]在水蒸气蒸馏法提取的精油中检测到23个成分,在有机溶剂法提取的精油中检测到49个成分;精油的主要成分为香茅醇、马兜铃烯、乙酸香茅酯、香叶醇、芳樟醇、异薄荷酮、β-波旁烯和香榧烯醇等。[结论]水蒸气蒸馏法使驱蚊香草精油化学成分大量损失,但对沸点高、相对难挥发的主要化学成分有很好地富集作用;有机溶剂提取法能很好地保留驱蚊香草精油的化学成分。

生物炭对香草兰生长及根际土壤微生物的影响

采用室内培养试验,研究施用生物炭对香草兰(Vanilla planifolia Andrews)生长和根际土壤微生物的影响。试验共设5个处理,分别是不添加生物炭(CK)和干土中添加生物炭10 g/kg(C1)、30g/kg(C2)、50g/kg(C3)、100g/kg(C4)。结果表明,施用生物炭促进了香草兰植株地上部和根系的生长,与CK相比,C2处理的地上部和根系干重分别增加50.0%和74.7%。C2处理的总根长、根系表面积分别较CK增加28.7%和12.9%。香草兰连作土壤中施入生物炭增加了香草兰根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量,以C2处理的细菌、放线菌数量最多,分别为CK处理的1.49倍和1.75倍。并且生物炭处理的根际土壤真菌数量显著降低。总之,施用生物炭可以促进香草兰生长,改善连作土壤的微生物环境,且以干土中添加生物炭30 g/kg处理的效果最佳。

根际促生菌Bacillus subtilisY-IVI在香草兰上的应用效果研究

【目的】香草兰为多年生热带经济作物,随着种植年限的增加,植株长势弱,土壤有益微生物减少,土壤微生物区系失衡,严重制约了香草兰产业的可持续发展。枯草芽孢杆菌作为一种根际促生菌,被广泛应用于促进作物生长,改善土壤微生物环境。本文将枯草芽孢杆菌Y-IVI接种在有机肥上,生产了生物有机肥,并就该生物有机肥对香草兰生长的影响进行了研究。【方法】采用温室盆栽试验,调查施用根际促生菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Y-IVI及其经固体发酵制得的微生物有机肥料(Y-IVI:3×108cfu/g)后,香草兰植株地上部及根系的生长状况,采用选择性培养基方法研究了Y-IVI在香草兰根际土壤中的定殖能力及对香草兰根茎腐病致病菌-尖孢镰刀菌数量的影响。【结果】施用Y-IVI及BIO 4个月后,香草兰根际土壤Y-IVI数量仍可达到106cfu/g土,二者无显著差异,在处理OF和对照中未检测到菌株Y-IVI。施用生物有机肥香草兰地上部干重和根系干重均显著高于对照,分别增加了63.1%和59.4%,与不接种Y-IVI的有机肥处理(OF)相比,地上部干重显著提高了43.2%,根系干重提高了18%,差异不显著;施用Y-IVI菌液的处理植株地上部干重和根系干重均高于对照,但无显著性差异;处理BIO根系直径、根系表面积和总体积与对照相比分别增加了41.9%、88.9%和80.4%,均显著高于对照,总根长与对照差异不显著;处理BIO根系表面积和总体积与有机肥处理OF相比分别显著增加了41.9%和30.8%,根系直径与OF相比增加了10.1%,差异不显著;处理Y-IVI根系直径与对照相比显著增加了25.5%,但根系表面积和总体积与对照差异不显著;与对照相比,施用BIO及Y-IVI的处理根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量分别明显降低了52.2%和41.8%,施用有机肥OF的处理降低了10%,差异不显著。【结论】Y-IVI可稳定定殖于香草兰根际土壤对其生长起有益作用,含促生菌Y-IVI的生物有机肥料比单独使用促生菌菌液可以更有效地减少根际土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量,降低连作生物障碍。施用生物有机肥料比施用化肥和有机肥更有效地促进香草兰地上部及根系生长,因此,施用由根际促生菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Y-IVI制得的生物有机肥是解决香草兰连作生物障碍和提高收益的有效手段。

槟榔不同株行距间作香草兰对土壤养分和微生物的影响

为了揭示槟榔不同株行距间作香草兰对土壤微生物和土壤养分的影响,以生产上槟榔3个种植密度间作香草兰为处理,人工荫棚单作香草兰为对照,测定和分析土壤中微生物的数量和土壤养分的含量。结果表明,槟榔间作香草兰可显著提高土壤微生物的数量,改良土壤微生物群落中真菌、细菌和放线菌的比例。槟榔株行距为2.0m×2.5 m(Tr2)的处理,土壤pH值及有机质、全K、碱解N、速效P、速效K、交换性Ca、有效Fe、有效B含量均显著提高。Pearson积矩相关分析表明,土壤中各类微生物的数量与土壤养分含量之间存在着多种显著的相关关系。槟榔株行距为2.0 m×2.5 m间作香草兰对土壤微生物数量及其比例与土壤养分含量具有良好的调节作用,且彼此具有显著相关性。

用超临界CO_2萃取香草兰香料

The technological conditions of flavour extraction from vanilla beans with supercritical CO 2 fluid were studied.The influences of extracting pressure,temperature,separating pressure,temperature,and extracting time on extracting rate of flavour were discussed.The vanillin content of flavour was determined by HPLC.The optimum technological conditions of extracting flavour from vanilla beans with supercritical CO 2 fluid were defined,and the result showed that extracting pressure 35MPa and temperature 45℃,separating pressure(Ⅰ)16MPa,pressure(Ⅱ)6Mpa,temperature(Ⅰ)40℃,temperature(Ⅱ)40℃,and extracting time 150min were optimal.The extracting rate of flavour was 8.36% and the vanillin content of flavour was 230mg/g in the optimum technological conditions.

香草兰花芽分化期蛋白质及碳水化合物变化研究

以墨西哥香草兰花芽分化期花芽、混合花芽、叶芽及其功能叶为研究对象,研究香草兰花芽分化期蛋白质及碳水化合物变化及其差异,结果表明:香草兰叶芽蛋白质含量持续下降,花芽和混合花芽的蛋白质含量在花序分化初期上升至顶峰而后下降,说明香草兰花芽在花序分化前需要累积大量蛋白质。叶芽的可溶性糖、蔗糖含量均无显著变化,花芽和混合花芽均存在明显的上升和下降趋势;在整个花芽分化期,花芽可溶性糖和蔗糖含量均高于叶芽。叶芽的淀粉含量呈升高趋势,花芽和混合花芽的淀粉含量呈先上升后下降趋势。在整个花芽分化期过程中,花芽、混合花芽功能叶C/N比均高于叶芽功能叶,且花芽功能叶和叶芽功能叶间差异达显著水平。

种植年限对香草兰生理状况及根际土壤微生物区系的影响

对不同种植年限香草兰园植株生理指标及根际土壤微生物区系进行测定分析。结果表明:10 a以上园龄的香草兰叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量显著降低,而0～5 a园龄香草兰叶片各生理指标并无显著性差异。平板稀释涂布结果显示:5、10和20 a园龄香草兰根际可培养细菌和放线菌数量显著低于新植园,根际细菌与新植园相比分别降低了58.4%、91.6%、96.7%;根际真菌及尖孢镰刀菌数量呈相反趋势,与新植园相比,真菌数量分别是新植园的1.6、2.1和3.4倍。综上所述,种植10 a以上的香草兰园植株生长代谢缓慢,土壤微生物由细菌型向真菌型转变,微生物区系失衡。

香荚兰尖孢镰刀菌生物学特性

尖孢镰刀菌[FusariumoxysporumSchlf sp vanillaeGordon]是香荚兰根腐病的主要病原菌。本实验从温度、pH值对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响,找出孢子致死温度,及光照对菌落生长影响等方面进行研究。实验结果表明尖孢镰刀菌在5～37℃间均能生长,菌丝生长最适温度为28℃;孢子萌发温度范围5～36℃,最适温度为27℃;分生孢子致死温度为58℃(10min),菌丝生长最适pH为6 5,孢子萌发最适pH为4;该实验还表明全光照对菌丝生长有抑制的作用,光暗交替有利于菌丝生长。

4种物理方法制备香草兰精油微胶囊的比较分析

本研究采用菠萝蜜种子淀粉作为壁材,利用饱和水溶液法(saturated water solution method,SWSM)、分子包埋法(paste method,PM)、超声波法(ultrasonic method,UM)、喷雾干燥法(spray-drying method,SDM)4种物理方法包埋香草兰精油,通过测定产率、包埋率、载油量、缓释性、贮藏稳定性等指标,对比分析4种物理方法包埋效果。结果表明:香草兰精油微胶囊产率在74.34%~92.06%,对应的包埋率范围为68.90%~74.49%,载油量为21.27%~26.71%。其中SDM的产率和包埋率最大,分别为92.06%和74.49%,PM产率和包埋率最小,分别为74.34%和68.90%。4种方法均能成功包埋香草兰精油,且色泽上无明显差异,微胶囊为均一球状。在粒径方面,SDM制备的香草兰精油微胶囊粒径最大,为600 nm左右,SWSM最小,为200 nm左右。SWSM制备的香草兰精油微胶囊贮存50 d后香兰素保留率为49.11%,贮存15 d后过氧化值为14.24 mmol/kg,说明缓释性、贮藏稳定性较其他3种香草兰精油微胶囊好。综合所有指标,对比其他3种方法,SWSM是香草兰精油微胶囊的最佳制备方法。

水杨酸对香荚兰抗逆相关酶的活性和丙二醛含量的影响

对大田栽培的香荚兰植株进行不同浓度的水杨酸 (SA)处理 ,结果表明 :较低浓度(2 5～ 1 0 0mg L)的SA ,使其叶片的SOD、POD、PAL和PPO活性增加 ,MDA含量降低 ,抗逆性增强 ;而较高浓度的SA (1 50～2 0 0mg L)则抑制了这些酶的活性、使MDA含量升高 ,抗逆性减弱。