The restriction of immunoglobulin(Ig)expression to B lymphocytes is well established.However,several reports have confirmed that the Ig gene can be expressed in many non-B cancer cells and/or some normal cells.Our aim...The restriction of immunoglobulin(Ig)expression to B lymphocytes is well established.However,several reports have confirmed that the Ig gene can be expressed in many non-B cancer cells and/or some normal cells.Our aim is to determine whether the Ig gene promoter can be activated in non-B cancer cells and to identify the regulatory mechanism for Ig gene expression.Our results show that the Ig promoter of VH4-59 was activated in several non-B cancer cell lines.Moreover,two novel positive regulatory elements,an enhancer-like element at 2800 to 2610 bp and a copromoter-like element at 2610 to 2300 bp,were identified in two epithelial cancer cell lines,HeLa S3 and HT-29.The octamer element(59-ATGCAAAT-39)located in the Ig promoter,a crucial element for B-cell-derived Ig gene transcription,was also very important for non-B-cell-derived Ig gene transcription.More importantly,we confirmed that octamer-related protein-1(Oct-1),but not Oct-2,was a crucial transcriptional factor for Ig gene transcription due to its ability to bind to the octamer element of the Ig promoter in epithelial cancer cells.These results suggested the presence of a distinct regulatory mechanism for Ig gene expression in non-B cancer cells.展开更多
全球有超过7 000万名丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)慢性感染患者,给社会带来严重的公共卫生安全问题。直接抗病毒药物(Direct antiviral drugs,DAA)能够有效地治愈慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染,但治愈后患者仍存在再感染的可能,预防性疫...全球有超过7 000万名丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)慢性感染患者,给社会带来严重的公共卫生安全问题。直接抗病毒药物(Direct antiviral drugs,DAA)能够有效地治愈慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染,但治愈后患者仍存在再感染的可能,预防性疫苗(Prophylactic vaccine)是彻底切断HCV传播的最有效途径。目前HCV预防性疫苗的研发已取得一定进展,能够诱导极少数受试者产生广谱中和抗体(Broadly neutralizing antibodies),如何在绝大多数个体中诱导保护性广谱中和抗体则是当前HCV预防性疫苗研究所面临的最大挑战。本文总结了当前疫苗免疫学的研究进展:包括抗原特异的B细胞前体(Precursor B cell)、滤泡辅助性T细胞(Follicular T helper cell,Tfh)、滤泡调节性T细胞(Follicular T regulatory cell,Tfr)、抗体重链基因1-69(VH1-69)编码抗体成熟特点;基于胚系靶向(Germline-targeting)的免疫原设计与序贯免疫策略(Sequential immunization)等,期望能为HCV疫苗研究提供新的思路。展开更多
基金supported by Fundamental Research Grants 30572094 and 30772470 from the Natural Sciences Foundation,China.We thank Dr Dalong Ma and Dr Mingxu Xu(Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics)for their comments and suggestions.This manuscript was proofread by an English-speaking professional with a science background at Elixigen Corporation.
文摘The restriction of immunoglobulin(Ig)expression to B lymphocytes is well established.However,several reports have confirmed that the Ig gene can be expressed in many non-B cancer cells and/or some normal cells.Our aim is to determine whether the Ig gene promoter can be activated in non-B cancer cells and to identify the regulatory mechanism for Ig gene expression.Our results show that the Ig promoter of VH4-59 was activated in several non-B cancer cell lines.Moreover,two novel positive regulatory elements,an enhancer-like element at 2800 to 2610 bp and a copromoter-like element at 2610 to 2300 bp,were identified in two epithelial cancer cell lines,HeLa S3 and HT-29.The octamer element(59-ATGCAAAT-39)located in the Ig promoter,a crucial element for B-cell-derived Ig gene transcription,was also very important for non-B-cell-derived Ig gene transcription.More importantly,we confirmed that octamer-related protein-1(Oct-1),but not Oct-2,was a crucial transcriptional factor for Ig gene transcription due to its ability to bind to the octamer element of the Ig promoter in epithelial cancer cells.These results suggested the presence of a distinct regulatory mechanism for Ig gene expression in non-B cancer cells.
文摘全球有超过7 000万名丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)慢性感染患者,给社会带来严重的公共卫生安全问题。直接抗病毒药物(Direct antiviral drugs,DAA)能够有效地治愈慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染,但治愈后患者仍存在再感染的可能,预防性疫苗(Prophylactic vaccine)是彻底切断HCV传播的最有效途径。目前HCV预防性疫苗的研发已取得一定进展,能够诱导极少数受试者产生广谱中和抗体(Broadly neutralizing antibodies),如何在绝大多数个体中诱导保护性广谱中和抗体则是当前HCV预防性疫苗研究所面临的最大挑战。本文总结了当前疫苗免疫学的研究进展:包括抗原特异的B细胞前体(Precursor B cell)、滤泡辅助性T细胞(Follicular T helper cell,Tfh)、滤泡调节性T细胞(Follicular T regulatory cell,Tfr)、抗体重链基因1-69(VH1-69)编码抗体成熟特点;基于胚系靶向(Germline-targeting)的免疫原设计与序贯免疫策略(Sequential immunization)等,期望能为HCV疫苗研究提供新的思路。
