目的:观察肝源性糖尿病(hepatogenous diabetes,HD)对乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)相关慢性肝衰竭(chronic liver failure,CLF)患者临床特征的影响.方法:187例HBV相关CLF患者分为肝源性糖尿病组(HD组,n=65)和非肝源性糖尿病组(...目的:观察肝源性糖尿病(hepatogenous diabetes,HD)对乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)相关慢性肝衰竭(chronic liver failure,CLF)患者临床特征的影响.方法:187例HBV相关CLF患者分为肝源性糖尿病组(HD组,n=65)和非肝源性糖尿病组(对照组,n=122).回顾性分析HD组及对照组间肝肾功、凝血功能、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,Hb Alc)水平、ChildPugh评分、终末期肝病模型(model for endstage liver disease,MELD)评分、并发症及24w k死亡率差异.分析H b A lc水平与H B V相关CLF患者并发症及预后的相关性.结果:H B V相关C L F患者中H D发生率为34.76%.H D组总胆红素、I N R、肌酐(creatinine,CRE)、Hb Alc水平及Child-Pugh评分、MELD评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).HD组患者原发性腹膜炎、肝肾综合征发生率及24 wk死亡率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).HBV相关CLF患者Hb Alc水平与Child-Pugh评分(r2=0.17,F=14.74,P=0.021)及MELD评分正相关(r2=0.19,F=16.61,P=0.014).H b A lc水平是H B V相关C L F患者发生原发性腹膜炎(P=0.019,OR=2.27)、肝肾综合征(P=0.023,OR=1.02)及24 wk死亡(P=0.032,OR=0.85)的危险因素.结论:并发HD的HBV相关CLF患者病情更为严重,预后更差.高Hb Alc水平是HBV相关CLF患者并发症的发生和不良预后的危险因子.展开更多
Increasing the utilization efficiency of platinum is critical for advancing proton exchange-membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Despite extensive research on catalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),developin...Increasing the utilization efficiency of platinum is critical for advancing proton exchange-membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Despite extensive research on catalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),developing highly active and durable Pt-based catalysts that can suppress surface dealloying in corrosive acid conditions remains challenging.Herein,we report a facile synthesis of bimetallic ultrathin PtM(M=Mo,W,and Cr)nanowires(NWs)composed of group VI B transition metal atomic sites anchored on the surface.These NWs possess uniform sizes and well-controlled atomic arrangements.Compared to PtW and PtCr catalysts,the PtMo0.05 NWs exhibit the highest half-wave potential of 0.935 V and a mass activity of 1.43 A·mgPt^(−1).Remarkably,they demonstrate a remarkable 23.8-fold enhancement in mass activity compared to commercial Pt/C for ORR,surpassing previously reported Pt-based catalysts.Additionally,the PtMo NWs cathode in membrane electrode assembly tests achieves a remarkable peak power density of 1.443 W·cm^(−2)(H_(2)-O_(2)conditions at 80℃),which is 1.09 times that of commercial Pt/C.The ligand effect in the bimetallic surface not only facilitates strong coupling between Mo(4d)and Pt(5d)atomic orbitals to hinder atom leaching but also modulates the d-states of active site,significantly optimizing the adsorption of key oxygen(*O and*OH)species and accelerating the rate-determining step in ORR pathways.展开更多
Vitamin B 12 model molecule, dicyano cobyric mono acid hexamethylester 2f was synthesized from Vitamin B 12 by alcoholysis and acidic hydrolysis. Dicyano-a,b,c,d,e,g-α-f-N-(3-imidazoly) propylamido cobyrinate 3f was ...Vitamin B 12 model molecule, dicyano cobyric mono acid hexamethylester 2f was synthesized from Vitamin B 12 by alcoholysis and acidic hydrolysis. Dicyano-a,b,c,d,e,g-α-f-N-(3-imidazoly) propylamido cobyrinate 3f was synthesized by the reaction between 2f and 3-imidazolylpropylamine hydrochloride. Compound 3f was treated with trifluoroacetic acid to give dimer-vitamin B 12 model molecule 5f. Compound 5f was treated with acidic buffers in methanol and the ring of 5f was opened to give compounds 6f. UV-Vis spectra were determined in buffers with different pH values. The equilibrium constants of Co-N bonds were calculated. K-value of 5f was 552×10 3, which is much greater than that of monomer vitamin B 12 4f. The strength of coordination bonds between the N atom in the side chain of cobyrinate and the Co atom in 5f was much weaker than that in monomer-vitamin B 12 4f.展开更多
目的:观察两种不同方法检测乙型肝炎患者血清中的乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)-DNA的应用价值比较.方法:分别使用PCR-EB定性及Amp-lisensor定量法对HBV患者,乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B virus surface antigen,HBsAg)与抗-HB...目的:观察两种不同方法检测乙型肝炎患者血清中的乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)-DNA的应用价值比较.方法:分别使用PCR-EB定性及Amp-lisensor定量法对HBV患者,乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B virus surface antigen,HBsAg)与抗-HBs同时阳性、HBsAg阳性、抗-HBs阳性、HBsAg与抗-HBs同时阴性进行血清HBV-DNA检查,观察2组患者阳性检测率.结果:B组(HBsAg阳性)患者HBSAg(S/N)值高于A组(P<0.05),C组抗-HBs值高于A组(HBsAg与抗-HBS同时阳性)(P<0.05),Amp-lisensor定量检测下,患者HBV-DNA阳性率明显高于PCR-EB定性组(P<0.05).Amp-lisensor定量检测中,C组(抗-HBS阳性)患者的阳性检测率最低(P<0.05),乙型肝炎患者血清中H B V-D N A对数值均有明显的上升,与E组(乙型肝炎两对半全阴性)比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05).A组与B组HBV-DNA对数值明显高于C组与D组(HBsAg与抗-HBs同时阴性)(P<0.05),A组与B组HBV-DNA对数值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:Amp-lisensor定量法检测血清HBV-DNA的灵敏度较高,在抗-HBs阳性患者中仍可以检测到HBV-DNA.展开更多
The spread of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection has gradually decreased in Italy in the last 5 decades as shown by the steady reduction in the incidence rates of acute hepatitis B,from 10/100000 inhabitants in1984 to 0....The spread of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection has gradually decreased in Italy in the last 5 decades as shown by the steady reduction in the incidence rates of acute hepatitis B,from 10/100000 inhabitants in1984 to 0.85/100000 in 2012,and by the reduced prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-positive cases among chronic hepatitis patients with different etiologies,from 60%in 1975 to about 10%in 2001.The prevalence of HBsAg chronic carriers in the general population also decreased from nearly 3%in the 1980s to 1%in 2010.Linked to HBV by its characteristics of defective virus,the hepatitis delta virus(HDV)has shown a similar epidemiological impact on the Italian population over time.The incidence of acute HDV infection decreased from 3.2/100000 inhabitants in 1987 to 0.8/100000 in 2010 and the prevalence of HDV infection in HBsAg chronic carriers decreased from24%in 1990 to 8.5%in 2006.Before the beneficial effects of HBV mass vaccination introduced in 1991,the decreased endemicity of HBV and HDV infection in Italy paralleled the improvement in screening blood donations,the higher standard of living and impressive reduction in the birth rate associated with a marked reduction in the family size.A further contribution to the decline in HBV and HDV infections most probably came from the media campaigns to prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection by focusing the attention of the general population on the same routes of transmission of viral infections such as unsafe sexual intercourse and parenteral exposures of different kinds.展开更多
文摘目的:观察肝源性糖尿病(hepatogenous diabetes,HD)对乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)相关慢性肝衰竭(chronic liver failure,CLF)患者临床特征的影响.方法:187例HBV相关CLF患者分为肝源性糖尿病组(HD组,n=65)和非肝源性糖尿病组(对照组,n=122).回顾性分析HD组及对照组间肝肾功、凝血功能、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,Hb Alc)水平、ChildPugh评分、终末期肝病模型(model for endstage liver disease,MELD)评分、并发症及24w k死亡率差异.分析H b A lc水平与H B V相关CLF患者并发症及预后的相关性.结果:H B V相关C L F患者中H D发生率为34.76%.H D组总胆红素、I N R、肌酐(creatinine,CRE)、Hb Alc水平及Child-Pugh评分、MELD评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).HD组患者原发性腹膜炎、肝肾综合征发生率及24 wk死亡率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).HBV相关CLF患者Hb Alc水平与Child-Pugh评分(r2=0.17,F=14.74,P=0.021)及MELD评分正相关(r2=0.19,F=16.61,P=0.014).H b A lc水平是H B V相关C L F患者发生原发性腹膜炎(P=0.019,OR=2.27)、肝肾综合征(P=0.023,OR=1.02)及24 wk死亡(P=0.032,OR=0.85)的危险因素.结论:并发HD的HBV相关CLF患者病情更为严重,预后更差.高Hb Alc水平是HBV相关CLF患者并发症的发生和不良预后的危险因子.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22275009)SINOPEC(contact No.421028)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.XK2020-02).
文摘Increasing the utilization efficiency of platinum is critical for advancing proton exchange-membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Despite extensive research on catalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),developing highly active and durable Pt-based catalysts that can suppress surface dealloying in corrosive acid conditions remains challenging.Herein,we report a facile synthesis of bimetallic ultrathin PtM(M=Mo,W,and Cr)nanowires(NWs)composed of group VI B transition metal atomic sites anchored on the surface.These NWs possess uniform sizes and well-controlled atomic arrangements.Compared to PtW and PtCr catalysts,the PtMo0.05 NWs exhibit the highest half-wave potential of 0.935 V and a mass activity of 1.43 A·mgPt^(−1).Remarkably,they demonstrate a remarkable 23.8-fold enhancement in mass activity compared to commercial Pt/C for ORR,surpassing previously reported Pt-based catalysts.Additionally,the PtMo NWs cathode in membrane electrode assembly tests achieves a remarkable peak power density of 1.443 W·cm^(−2)(H_(2)-O_(2)conditions at 80℃),which is 1.09 times that of commercial Pt/C.The ligand effect in the bimetallic surface not only facilitates strong coupling between Mo(4d)and Pt(5d)atomic orbitals to hinder atom leaching but also modulates the d-states of active site,significantly optimizing the adsorption of key oxygen(*O and*OH)species and accelerating the rate-determining step in ORR pathways.
文摘Vitamin B 12 model molecule, dicyano cobyric mono acid hexamethylester 2f was synthesized from Vitamin B 12 by alcoholysis and acidic hydrolysis. Dicyano-a,b,c,d,e,g-α-f-N-(3-imidazoly) propylamido cobyrinate 3f was synthesized by the reaction between 2f and 3-imidazolylpropylamine hydrochloride. Compound 3f was treated with trifluoroacetic acid to give dimer-vitamin B 12 model molecule 5f. Compound 5f was treated with acidic buffers in methanol and the ring of 5f was opened to give compounds 6f. UV-Vis spectra were determined in buffers with different pH values. The equilibrium constants of Co-N bonds were calculated. K-value of 5f was 552×10 3, which is much greater than that of monomer vitamin B 12 4f. The strength of coordination bonds between the N atom in the side chain of cobyrinate and the Co atom in 5f was much weaker than that in monomer-vitamin B 12 4f.
文摘目的:观察两种不同方法检测乙型肝炎患者血清中的乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)-DNA的应用价值比较.方法:分别使用PCR-EB定性及Amp-lisensor定量法对HBV患者,乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B virus surface antigen,HBsAg)与抗-HBs同时阳性、HBsAg阳性、抗-HBs阳性、HBsAg与抗-HBs同时阴性进行血清HBV-DNA检查,观察2组患者阳性检测率.结果:B组(HBsAg阳性)患者HBSAg(S/N)值高于A组(P<0.05),C组抗-HBs值高于A组(HBsAg与抗-HBS同时阳性)(P<0.05),Amp-lisensor定量检测下,患者HBV-DNA阳性率明显高于PCR-EB定性组(P<0.05).Amp-lisensor定量检测中,C组(抗-HBS阳性)患者的阳性检测率最低(P<0.05),乙型肝炎患者血清中H B V-D N A对数值均有明显的上升,与E组(乙型肝炎两对半全阴性)比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05).A组与B组HBV-DNA对数值明显高于C组与D组(HBsAg与抗-HBs同时阴性)(P<0.05),A组与B组HBV-DNA对数值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:Amp-lisensor定量法检测血清HBV-DNA的灵敏度较高,在抗-HBs阳性患者中仍可以检测到HBV-DNA.
文摘The spread of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection has gradually decreased in Italy in the last 5 decades as shown by the steady reduction in the incidence rates of acute hepatitis B,from 10/100000 inhabitants in1984 to 0.85/100000 in 2012,and by the reduced prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-positive cases among chronic hepatitis patients with different etiologies,from 60%in 1975 to about 10%in 2001.The prevalence of HBsAg chronic carriers in the general population also decreased from nearly 3%in the 1980s to 1%in 2010.Linked to HBV by its characteristics of defective virus,the hepatitis delta virus(HDV)has shown a similar epidemiological impact on the Italian population over time.The incidence of acute HDV infection decreased from 3.2/100000 inhabitants in 1987 to 0.8/100000 in 2010 and the prevalence of HDV infection in HBsAg chronic carriers decreased from24%in 1990 to 8.5%in 2006.Before the beneficial effects of HBV mass vaccination introduced in 1991,the decreased endemicity of HBV and HDV infection in Italy paralleled the improvement in screening blood donations,the higher standard of living and impressive reduction in the birth rate associated with a marked reduction in the family size.A further contribution to the decline in HBV and HDV infections most probably came from the media campaigns to prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection by focusing the attention of the general population on the same routes of transmission of viral infections such as unsafe sexual intercourse and parenteral exposures of different kinds.
