Wind energy sources have different structures and functions from conventional power plants in the power system.These resources can affect the exchange of active and reactive power of the network.Therefore,power system...Wind energy sources have different structures and functions from conventional power plants in the power system.These resources can affect the exchange of active and reactive power of the network.Therefore,power system stability will be affected by the performance of wind power plants,especially in the event of a fault.In this paper,the improvement of the dynamic stability in power system equipped by wind farm is examined through the supplementary controller design in the high voltage direct current(HVDC)based on voltage source converter(VSC)transmission system.In this regard,impacts of the VSC HVDC system and wind farm on the improvement of system stability are considered.Also,an algorithm based on controllability(observability)concept is proposed to select most appropriate and effective coupling between inputs-outputs(IO)signals of system in different work conditions.The selected coupling is used to apply damping controller signal.Finally,a fractional order PID controller(FO-PID)based on exchange market algorithm(EMA)is designed as damping controller.The analysis of the results shows that the wind farm does not directly contribute to the improvement of the dynamic stability of power system.However,it can increase the controllability of the oscillatory mode and improve the performance of the supplementary controller.展开更多
This paper puts forward a new practical voltage source converter(VSC)based AC-DC converter model suitable for conducting power flow assessment of multi-terminal VSCbased high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)systems.Th...This paper puts forward a new practical voltage source converter(VSC)based AC-DC converter model suitable for conducting power flow assessment of multi-terminal VSCbased high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)systems.The model uses an advanced method to handle the operational limits and control modes of VSCs into the power flow formulation.The new model is incorporated into a unified framework encompassing AC and DC power grids and is solved by using the Newton-Raphson method to enable quadratically convergent iterative solutions.The use of complementarity constraints,together with the Fischer-Burmeister function,is proposed to enable the seamless incorporation of operational control modes of VSC and automatic enforcement of any converter’s operational limits that become violated during the iterative solution process.Thus,a dedicated process for checking limits is no longer required.Furthermore,all existing relationships between the VSC control laws and their operational limits are considered directly during the solution of the power flow problem.The applicability of the new model is demonstrated with numerical examples using various multi-terminal AC-DC transmission networks,one of which is a utility-sized power system.展开更多
To reduce the probability of commutation failure(CF)of a line commutated converter based high-voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC)transmission,a DC chopper topology composed of power consumption sub-modules based on thyri...To reduce the probability of commutation failure(CF)of a line commutated converter based high-voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC)transmission,a DC chopper topology composed of power consumption sub-modules based on thyristor full-bridge module(TFB-PCSM)is proposed.Firstly,the mechanism of the proposed topology to mitigate CF is analyzed,and the working modes of TFB-PCSM in different operation states are introduced.Secondly,the coordinated control strategy between the proposed DC chopper and LCC-HVDC is designed,and the voltage-current stresses of the TFB-PCSMs are investigated.Finally,the ability to mitigate the CF issues and the fault recovery performance of LCC-HVDC system are studied in PSCAD/EMTDC.The results show that the probability of CF of LCC-HVDC is significantly reduced,and the performances of fault recovery are effectively improved by the proposed DC chopper.展开更多
This paper proposes a single-ended fault detection scheme for long transmission lines using support vector machine(SVM)for multi-terminal direct current systems based on modular multilevel converter(MMC-MTDC).The sche...This paper proposes a single-ended fault detection scheme for long transmission lines using support vector machine(SVM)for multi-terminal direct current systems based on modular multilevel converter(MMC-MTDC).The scheme overcomes existing detection difficulties in the protection of long transmission lines resulting from high grounding resistance and attenuation,and also avoids the sophisticated process of threshold value selection.The high-frequency components in the measured voltage extracted by a wavelet transform and the amplitude of the zero-mode set of the positive-sequence voltage are the inputs to a trained SVM.The output of the SVM determines the fault type.A model of a four-terminal DC power grid with overhead transmission lines is built in PSCAD/EMTDC.Simulation results of EMTDC confirm that the proposed scheme achieves 100%accuracy in detecting short-circuit faults with high resistance on long transmission lines.The proposed scheme eliminates mal-operation of DC circuit breakers when faced with power order changes or AC-side faults.Its robustness and time delay are also assessed and shown to have no perceptible effect on the speed and accuracy of the detection scheme,thus ensuring its reliability and stability.展开更多
针对电压源型换流器高压直流输电VSC-HVDC(voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current)交流系统中占比较大的5、7、11、13等低次谐波,在比例积分PI(proportional integral)控制的基础上,提出1种dq坐标系下基于矢量比...针对电压源型换流器高压直流输电VSC-HVDC(voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current)交流系统中占比较大的5、7、11、13等低次谐波,在比例积分PI(proportional integral)控制的基础上,提出1种dq坐标系下基于矢量比例积分VPI(vector proportional integral)调节器的选择性谐波电流控制策略。其中,PI用于控制电流误差直流分量,而VPI用于抑制电流误差的倍频波动。与比例积分谐振PIR(proportional integral resonance)调节器不同,VPI含有二阶分子,可在所设谐振频率点处实现控制系统闭环传递函数的理想0°相位延迟,因此其对谐波电流的控制精度优于PIR。利用Simulink软件建立1个2端VSC-HVDC系统,分别对传统PI、PIR及PI并联VPI这3种控制方式下VSC的2侧交流电流进行仿真,通过对比谐波含量,验证VPI谐波抑制性能的优越性。展开更多
电网换相换流器高压直流输电系统(Line Commutated Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,LCC-HVDC)在功率传输特性、线路故障时的自防护能力、过负荷能力等方面均优于交流输电,但却无法向弱交流系统和无源网络供电。电压源换...电网换相换流器高压直流输电系统(Line Commutated Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,LCC-HVDC)在功率传输特性、线路故障时的自防护能力、过负荷能力等方面均优于交流输电,但却无法向弱交流系统和无源网络供电。电压源换流器高压直流输电系统(Voltage Source Converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)可实现向无源网络供电的目的,但由于电力电子技术的局限性,VSC-HVDC系统投资成本过高。结合两者的优势,提出了一种新型混合高压直流输电系统(Hybrid High Voltage Direct Current,H-HVDC)。该系统的整流侧为两个6脉动LCC接一交流网络,逆变侧为三相二电平VSC接无源网络。在此基础上,对该H-HVDC的稳态数学模型、启动特性、稳态特性与暂态特性、单极闭锁进行了研究。仿真结果表明,该H-HVDC系统能实现向无源网络供电,且具有较高的稳定性,为混合直流的进一步发展提供了理论基础。展开更多
建立了含柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的交直流混合发输电系统的可靠性分析模型,该模型既考虑了VSC-HVDC的稳态功率特性,还计及了发输电网络的故障率和输电线路的有功限制,采用...建立了含柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的交直流混合发输电系统的可靠性分析模型,该模型既考虑了VSC-HVDC的稳态功率特性,还计及了发输电网络的故障率和输电线路的有功限制,采用非序惯蒙特卡罗仿真实现;在满足系统安全约束的前提条件下,对系统进行模拟调度,重点评价了与发输电网络连接的VSC-HVDC对电网可靠性的影响,给出系统和节点的风险指标,为VSC-HVDC规划和运行提供参考依据,最后算例分析证明了该算法的可行性和合理性。展开更多
在传统控制方式下,柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)系统换流站难以有效参与电网动态调节,而虚拟同步电机技术通过合适的控制设计使得换流器单元能够为系统提供惯性支撑,已引起广泛...在传统控制方式下,柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)系统换流站难以有效参与电网动态调节,而虚拟同步电机技术通过合适的控制设计使得换流器单元能够为系统提供惯性支撑,已引起广泛关注。首先结合VSC-HVDC系统数学模型,分析换流站等效为同步电机的可行性,给出基于虚拟同步电机技术的换流站控制方案。其次,针对整流侧换流站,在动态过程中将逆变侧等效为一个恒功率负载,建立虚拟同步电机内环和电压外环的小信号数学模型,分析并给出一种系统化的控制参数设计方法。最后,通过仿真分析验证文中理论分析的正确性和参数设计方法的有效性。展开更多
合成试验方法是用多套电源分别提供试品在试验中所需应力的试验方法。为检验由模块化多电平换流器(modular multi-level converter,MMC)构成的电压源换流器高压直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VS...合成试验方法是用多套电源分别提供试品在试验中所需应力的试验方法。为检验由模块化多电平换流器(modular multi-level converter,MMC)构成的电压源换流器高压直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)换流阀设计的正确性及其对暂态工况应力的耐受性,研究了MMC阀暂态运行试验的试验方法,分析了与过电流关断试验和短路电流试验相关工况的应力,提出了2种等效试验方法,并将合成试验方法应用于试验电路的设计中,给出了试验电路与实际工况下阀的应力波形,结合关键应力等效性分析,验证了上述试验方法和试验电路的正确性和有效性。展开更多
过电流关断试验是柔性直流输电(voltage sourced converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)换流阀暂态试验之一,是为了检验换流阀设计的正确性及对桥臂直通工况应力耐受性进行的试验。研究阀过电流关断试验...过电流关断试验是柔性直流输电(voltage sourced converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)换流阀暂态试验之一,是为了检验换流阀设计的正确性及对桥臂直通工况应力耐受性进行的试验。研究阀过电流关断试验的试验方法,分析桥臂直通工况下的应力,提出等效试验方法并设计试验电路,最后给出试验电路中阀的应力波形与实际工况下应力波形的对比,结合关键应力等效性分析,验证试验方法和试验电路的等效性。展开更多
文摘Wind energy sources have different structures and functions from conventional power plants in the power system.These resources can affect the exchange of active and reactive power of the network.Therefore,power system stability will be affected by the performance of wind power plants,especially in the event of a fault.In this paper,the improvement of the dynamic stability in power system equipped by wind farm is examined through the supplementary controller design in the high voltage direct current(HVDC)based on voltage source converter(VSC)transmission system.In this regard,impacts of the VSC HVDC system and wind farm on the improvement of system stability are considered.Also,an algorithm based on controllability(observability)concept is proposed to select most appropriate and effective coupling between inputs-outputs(IO)signals of system in different work conditions.The selected coupling is used to apply damping controller signal.Finally,a fractional order PID controller(FO-PID)based on exchange market algorithm(EMA)is designed as damping controller.The analysis of the results shows that the wind farm does not directly contribute to the improvement of the dynamic stability of power system.However,it can increase the controllability of the oscillatory mode and improve the performance of the supplementary controller.
基金supported by Fondo de Sustentabilidad Energética SENERConacyt,México(No.246949 and No.249795)。
文摘This paper puts forward a new practical voltage source converter(VSC)based AC-DC converter model suitable for conducting power flow assessment of multi-terminal VSCbased high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)systems.The model uses an advanced method to handle the operational limits and control modes of VSCs into the power flow formulation.The new model is incorporated into a unified framework encompassing AC and DC power grids and is solved by using the Newton-Raphson method to enable quadratically convergent iterative solutions.The use of complementarity constraints,together with the Fischer-Burmeister function,is proposed to enable the seamless incorporation of operational control modes of VSC and automatic enforcement of any converter’s operational limits that become violated during the iterative solution process.Thus,a dedicated process for checking limits is no longer required.Furthermore,all existing relationships between the VSC control laws and their operational limits are considered directly during the solution of the power flow problem.The applicability of the new model is demonstrated with numerical examples using various multi-terminal AC-DC transmission networks,one of which is a utility-sized power system.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51877077)。
文摘To reduce the probability of commutation failure(CF)of a line commutated converter based high-voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC)transmission,a DC chopper topology composed of power consumption sub-modules based on thyristor full-bridge module(TFB-PCSM)is proposed.Firstly,the mechanism of the proposed topology to mitigate CF is analyzed,and the working modes of TFB-PCSM in different operation states are introduced.Secondly,the coordinated control strategy between the proposed DC chopper and LCC-HVDC is designed,and the voltage-current stresses of the TFB-PCSMs are investigated.Finally,the ability to mitigate the CF issues and the fault recovery performance of LCC-HVDC system are studied in PSCAD/EMTDC.The results show that the probability of CF of LCC-HVDC is significantly reduced,and the performances of fault recovery are effectively improved by the proposed DC chopper.
文摘This paper proposes a single-ended fault detection scheme for long transmission lines using support vector machine(SVM)for multi-terminal direct current systems based on modular multilevel converter(MMC-MTDC).The scheme overcomes existing detection difficulties in the protection of long transmission lines resulting from high grounding resistance and attenuation,and also avoids the sophisticated process of threshold value selection.The high-frequency components in the measured voltage extracted by a wavelet transform and the amplitude of the zero-mode set of the positive-sequence voltage are the inputs to a trained SVM.The output of the SVM determines the fault type.A model of a four-terminal DC power grid with overhead transmission lines is built in PSCAD/EMTDC.Simulation results of EMTDC confirm that the proposed scheme achieves 100%accuracy in detecting short-circuit faults with high resistance on long transmission lines.The proposed scheme eliminates mal-operation of DC circuit breakers when faced with power order changes or AC-side faults.Its robustness and time delay are also assessed and shown to have no perceptible effect on the speed and accuracy of the detection scheme,thus ensuring its reliability and stability.
文摘针对电压源型换流器高压直流输电VSC-HVDC(voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current)交流系统中占比较大的5、7、11、13等低次谐波,在比例积分PI(proportional integral)控制的基础上,提出1种dq坐标系下基于矢量比例积分VPI(vector proportional integral)调节器的选择性谐波电流控制策略。其中,PI用于控制电流误差直流分量,而VPI用于抑制电流误差的倍频波动。与比例积分谐振PIR(proportional integral resonance)调节器不同,VPI含有二阶分子,可在所设谐振频率点处实现控制系统闭环传递函数的理想0°相位延迟,因此其对谐波电流的控制精度优于PIR。利用Simulink软件建立1个2端VSC-HVDC系统,分别对传统PI、PIR及PI并联VPI这3种控制方式下VSC的2侧交流电流进行仿真,通过对比谐波含量,验证VPI谐波抑制性能的优越性。
文摘电网换相换流器高压直流输电系统(Line Commutated Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,LCC-HVDC)在功率传输特性、线路故障时的自防护能力、过负荷能力等方面均优于交流输电,但却无法向弱交流系统和无源网络供电。电压源换流器高压直流输电系统(Voltage Source Converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)可实现向无源网络供电的目的,但由于电力电子技术的局限性,VSC-HVDC系统投资成本过高。结合两者的优势,提出了一种新型混合高压直流输电系统(Hybrid High Voltage Direct Current,H-HVDC)。该系统的整流侧为两个6脉动LCC接一交流网络,逆变侧为三相二电平VSC接无源网络。在此基础上,对该H-HVDC的稳态数学模型、启动特性、稳态特性与暂态特性、单极闭锁进行了研究。仿真结果表明,该H-HVDC系统能实现向无源网络供电,且具有较高的稳定性,为混合直流的进一步发展提供了理论基础。
文摘建立了含柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的交直流混合发输电系统的可靠性分析模型,该模型既考虑了VSC-HVDC的稳态功率特性,还计及了发输电网络的故障率和输电线路的有功限制,采用非序惯蒙特卡罗仿真实现;在满足系统安全约束的前提条件下,对系统进行模拟调度,重点评价了与发输电网络连接的VSC-HVDC对电网可靠性的影响,给出系统和节点的风险指标,为VSC-HVDC规划和运行提供参考依据,最后算例分析证明了该算法的可行性和合理性。
文摘在传统控制方式下,柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)系统换流站难以有效参与电网动态调节,而虚拟同步电机技术通过合适的控制设计使得换流器单元能够为系统提供惯性支撑,已引起广泛关注。首先结合VSC-HVDC系统数学模型,分析换流站等效为同步电机的可行性,给出基于虚拟同步电机技术的换流站控制方案。其次,针对整流侧换流站,在动态过程中将逆变侧等效为一个恒功率负载,建立虚拟同步电机内环和电压外环的小信号数学模型,分析并给出一种系统化的控制参数设计方法。最后,通过仿真分析验证文中理论分析的正确性和参数设计方法的有效性。
文摘合成试验方法是用多套电源分别提供试品在试验中所需应力的试验方法。为检验由模块化多电平换流器(modular multi-level converter,MMC)构成的电压源换流器高压直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)换流阀设计的正确性及其对暂态工况应力的耐受性,研究了MMC阀暂态运行试验的试验方法,分析了与过电流关断试验和短路电流试验相关工况的应力,提出了2种等效试验方法,并将合成试验方法应用于试验电路的设计中,给出了试验电路与实际工况下阀的应力波形,结合关键应力等效性分析,验证了上述试验方法和试验电路的正确性和有效性。
文摘过电流关断试验是柔性直流输电(voltage sourced converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)换流阀暂态试验之一,是为了检验换流阀设计的正确性及对桥臂直通工况应力耐受性进行的试验。研究阀过电流关断试验的试验方法,分析桥臂直通工况下的应力,提出等效试验方法并设计试验电路,最后给出试验电路中阀的应力波形与实际工况下应力波形的对比,结合关键应力等效性分析,验证试验方法和试验电路的等效性。