基于VSMB模型的灌溉水损耗模拟研究

在青海省大峡灌区典型地块内挖掘5眼地下水观测井,开展农田灌溉水下渗及对地下水动态的影响研究,同时在大峡灌区典型地块布置2个土壤含水量监测点,采用TDR300土壤水分速测仪分别对10、30、50、70 cm 4种深度土壤含水量进行监测。在此基础上,运用VSMB模型对青海省黄河谷地大峡灌区灌溉用水损耗进行模拟,其中包括土壤含水量、实际蒸散、下渗、径流、地下水埋深等。结果表明,大峡灌区典型地块2013年3月1日至4月30日和8月1日至9月30日2个时段通过土壤蒸发和作物蒸腾消耗水量分别占灌溉与降水总量之和的46.4%和24.1%,渗漏量分别占灌溉与降水总量之和的30.3%和60.6%。大峡灌区2个时段地下水埋深的模拟结果的均方根误差分别为92.3 mm和27.7 mm。说明模拟结果具有一定的可信度。

VSMB多层次土壤水分平衡动态模型及其初步应用

简要介绍了ＶＳＭＢ（ｔｈｅＶｅｒｓａｔｉｌｅＳｏｉｌＭｏｉｓｔｕｒｅＢｕｄｇｅｔＭｏｄｅｌ）多层次土壤水分平衡模型的物理原理和程序结构，并列举了模型在我国初步应用的结果。

Simulation of Irrigation Water Loss Based on VSMB Model

The low degree of development and utilization as well as the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in Huangshui River basin are the main restricting factors of the local agricultural development. The study on the simulation of irrigation water loss based on the VSMB model has very important significance to strengthening regional water management and improving water resource utilization efficiency. Five groundwater wells were set up to carry out the farmland irrigation water infiltration and the experimental study on groundwater dynamic effect. Two soil moisture monitoring sites were set up in two typical plots of Daxia and Guanting irrigation area at the same time and TDR300 was used to monitor four kinds of deep soil moisture( 10 cm,30 cm,50 cm and 70 cm). On this basis,the VSMB model was used to study the irrigation water loss in the irrigation area of Yellow River valley of Qinghai Province,including soil moisture content,the actual evapotranspiration,infiltration,runoff,groundwater buried depth and so on. The results showed that the water consumption caused by soil evaporation and crop transpiration accounted for 46. 4% and 24. 1% of the total precipitation plus irrigation,respectively,and the leakage accounted for 30. 3% and 60. 6% of the total precipitation plus irrigation,respectively,from March 1,2013 to April 30,and from August 1 to September 30. The actual evaporation of the GT- TR1 and GT- TR2 sites in the whole year of 2013 was 632. 6 mm and 646. 9 mm,respectively,and the leakage accounted for 2. 6% and 1. 2% of the total precipitation plus irrigation,respectively. RMSE of the simulation results of the groundwater depth in Daxia irrigation area during the two periods was 92. 3 mm and 27. 7 mm,respectively. And RMSE of the simulation results of the water content of soil profile in the two monitoring sites of Guanting irrigation area was 2. 04% and 5. 81%,respectively,indicating that the simulation results were reliable.

甘肃省泾河流域典型灌区耗水系数监测试验研究

以甘肃省泾河流域为主要研究对象,选取泾河上游泾河南干渠灌区为典型试验灌区,对泾河南干渠灌区的灌溉退水、农田含水率、农作物生长趋势等进行监测,并采用引排差法与多层次土壤水分平衡模型(VSMB模型)相结合的方式,对泾河南干渠灌区的耗水量进行试验。根据监测试验,泾河南干渠灌区2018年总引水量2 076×104m3,总退水量523×104m3,采用引排差法得到泾河南干渠灌区耗水系数为0.56;甘肃农业大学试验田典型地块全年总引水量0.190 1×104m3,地表无退水,采用引排差法得到耗水系数为0.75,采用VSMB模型得到耗水系数为0.71。该研究结果可为泾河地区其他农业灌区耗水系数研究提供参考,对灌区规划设计和高效农业灌溉试点工作具有一定的指导意义。

青海省大峡渠灌区典型地块农业灌溉耗水监测试验与模拟研究

为开展青海省大峡渠灌区典型地块农业灌溉耗水监测试验与模拟研究,加强区域水资源管理,提高水资源利用效率,在典型地块引退水量和地下水监测的基础上,分别采用引排差和VSMB模型模拟两种方法对该灌区典型地块耗水系数进行了计算。结果表明,两种方法计算得到的该灌区典型地块2013年耗水系数分别为0.572和0.632,两者较为接近,这说明在研究区范围内,VSMB模型模拟的方法可以对引排差法计算耗水系数进行较好的验证。

青海省格尔木市农场灌区典型地块耗水系数研究

农业灌溉用水在青海省国民经济用水中占有非常高的比重,保障农业用水是提高青海省农业稳定发展的主要支撑条件,也是青海省水资源优化配置的基本依托。基于典型地块引退水监测试验,分别采用引排差法和通用土壤水分预算(简称VSMB)模型模拟2种方法对青海省格尔木市农场灌区典型地块耗水系数进行计算。结果表明,2种方法计算得到的格尔木市农场灌区典型地块2014年耗水系数分别为0.978、0.932,两者较为接近,这说明在研究区内计算耗水系数时,VSMB模型模拟的方法可以对引排差法进行较好的验证。

甘肃省黄河流域典型灌区耗水系数试验研究

以甘肃省黄河流域为研究区,选择洮河自流引水灌区洮惠渠、泾河自流引水加井灌区泾河南干渠、内陆河高扬程景电灌区,进行引退水量、土壤含水量、农作物生长监测,采用"引排差"与"VSMB模型"相结合方法开展典型灌区耗水系数试验研究。通过监测试验基本掌握典型灌区灌溉引、排关系,计算得出甘肃省黄河流域灌区耗水系数。研究成果可为其它相似灌区的农业耗水研究提供参考,同时也为今后黄河流域和甘肃省水资源公报编制工作提供技术支撑。