Pediatric case with vaccine-related poliovirus infection: A case report

BACKGROUND As long as oral poliovirus vaccine(OPV)is used,the potential risk for the emergence of vaccine-related polioviruses remains.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of Sabin-like type 1 poliovirus infection in an immunocompetent 17-mo-old child after receiving four scheduled doses of OPV.Somehow,the four doses did not confer full protection,possibly because of interference created by other enteroviruses.CONCLUSION The surveillance of vaccine-related polioviruses has important implications for improving health policies and vaccination strategies.Missed cases of vaccinerelated poliovirus infection might pose a potential risk to global poliovirus eradication.Therefore,the global withdrawal of OPV and a shift to the inclusion of only inactivated poliovirus vaccine in the vaccination schedule is the main objective of the polio eradication program.

贵州省1999～2001年脊髓灰质炎疫苗病毒阳性的急性弛缓性麻痹病例流行病学分析

贵州省 1999～ 2 0 0 1年从急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例粪便标本中分离到脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )疫苗病毒 5 3株 ,对其进行了流行病学分析。 5 3例AFP病例分布在全省 8个地区 (州、市 ,下同 )的 31个县 (市、区 ) ,发病时间无明显的聚集趋势。≤ 3岁儿童 4 8例 ,占 90 .6 % ;未免疫和未全程免疫的 38例 ,占 71.7%。其特点是 :全省 9个地区中 8个有病例 ,病例呈散在分布 ;分离出的脊灰疫苗病毒以Ⅱ型为主 (32例 ,占 6 0 .4 % ) ,3年分离的Ⅱ型脊灰疫苗病毒数均超过本年Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型的总和 ;病例中零剂次免疫儿童发病 6 0d后仍残留麻痹的占 82 .4 % ;8例高度怀疑疫苗相关麻痹型脊灰 (VAPP)病例均为 <3岁儿童 ;免疫史为零剂次和 1剂次 ;麻痹时伴发热 ,为不对称麻痹 ,发病 6 0d随访仍残留麻痹并有肌肉萎缩。提示贵州省AFP病例中检出脊灰疫苗病毒的病例 ,集中在 <3岁未免疫和未全程免疫的儿童。因此要高度重视VAPP病例 ,提高和保持高水平的常规免疫覆盖率 ,巩固AFP病例监测质量是保持无脊灰状态、及时发现输入病例和防止疫苗衍生脊灰病毒病例发生的关键。