Background Vaccinium uliginosum L. is a type of blueberry found in the Chinese Changbai Mountains. We extracted Vaccinium uliginosum Anthocyanins （Av.uli） to investigate its bioactivity on suppressing cancer cells. ...Background Vaccinium uliginosum L. is a type of blueberry found in the Chinese Changbai Mountains. We extracted Vaccinium uliginosum Anthocyanins （Av.uli） to investigate its bioactivity on suppressing cancer cells. Methods Av.lli was extracted under different conditions of temperature （10℃-35℃）, pH 1.0-3.0, and diatomaceous earth （1.0 g-3.0 g）, followed by a HPLC analysis for the determination of the ingredients. Its anticancer bioactivities on human colon and colorectal cancer cells （DLD-1 and COLO205） were compared with those on Lonicera caerulea Anthocyanins （AL.cae） and Vaccinium myrtillus Anthocyanins （Av.myr）, using cell viability assays, DNA electrophoresis and nuclear morphology assays. Results The optimum process of Av.uli extraction involved conditions of temperature 20℃, pH 2.0, and diatomaceous earth 1.0 g/50 g of fruit weight. Av.uli contained 5 main components： delphinidin （40.70±1.72）%, cyanidin （3.40±0.68）%, petunidin （17.70±0.54）%, peonidin （2.90±0.63）% and malvidin （35.50±1.11）%. The malvidin percentage was significantly higher （P 〈0.05） than it in Av.myr. Av.uli complied with a dose-dependent repression of cancer cell proliferation with an IC50 （50% inhibitory concentration） value of 50 μg/ml, and showed greater anticancer efficiency than AL. cae and Av. myr under the same cell treatment conditions. These observations were further supported by the results of nuclear assays. Conclusions The extraction protocol and conditions we used were effective for anthocyanin extraction. Av.uli could be a feasible practical research tool and a promising therapeutic source to suppress human colon or colorectal cancers.展开更多
AIM: To study isolation and chemical characterization of pectin derived from the common cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos L. (oxycoccusan OP) and the testing of its preventive effect on experimental colitis.METHODS: Mice ...AIM: To study isolation and chemical characterization of pectin derived from the common cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos L. (oxycoccusan OP) and the testing of its preventive effect on experimental colitis.METHODS: Mice were administrated orally with OP two days prior to a rectal injection of 5% acetic acid and examined for colonic damage 24 h later. Colonic inflammation was characterized by macroscopical injury and enhanced levels of myeloperoxidase activity measured spectrophotometrically with o-phenylene diamine as the substrate. The mucus contents of the colon were determined by the Alcian blue dye binding method. Vascular permeability was estimated using 4% Evans blue passage after i.p. injection of 0.05 mol/L acetic acid. RESULTS: In the mice treated with OP, colonic macroscopic scores (1.1 ± 0.4 vs 2.7, P < 0.01) and the total square area of damage (10 ± 2 vs 21 ± 7, P < 0.01) were significantly reduced when compared with the vehicle-treated colitis group. OP was shown to decrease the tissue myeloperoxidase activity in colons (42 ± 11 vs 112 ± 40, P < 0.01) and enhance the amount of mucus of colitis mice (0.9 ± 0.1 vs 0.4 ± 0.1, P < 0.01). The level of colonic malondialdehyde was noted to decrease in OP-pretreated mice (3.6 ± 0.7 vs 5.1 ± 0.8, P < 0.01). OP was found to decrease the inflammatory status of mice as was determined by reduction of vascular permeability (161 ± 34 vs 241 ± 21, P < 0.01). Adhesionof peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages was also shown to decrease after administration of OP (141 ± 50 vs 235 ± 37, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Thus, a preventive effect of pectin from the common cranberry, namely oxycoccusan OP, on acetic acid-induced colitis in mice was detected. A reduction of neutrophil infiltration and antioxidant action may be implicated in the protective effect of oxycoccusan.展开更多
A new procedure for blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) micropropagation in programmed Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIBs based on two separate bottles) was developed for the commercial genotypes Biloxi, Sharp Blue...A new procedure for blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) micropropagation in programmed Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIBs based on two separate bottles) was developed for the commercial genotypes Biloxi, Sharp Blue and Brillita. Plant cultures were developed in a controlled environment with 0.4 MPa CO2 enrichment, sucrose-reduced medium, and light intensity of 60 mM m-2·s-1. Principal component analysis showed that component 1 (C1) grouped 64.08% of the total variability, while the first two components accounted for 86.97%. Representation of the principal components demonstrated three clusters corresponding with the blueberry genotypes, and within each cluster plants micropropagated in agar-base medium grouped separately from those plants multiplied in TIBs. Both plant number and total internodes traits (related to the productive efficiency) were demonstrated superior in blueberries propagated in TIBs. Additionally, when transferred to greenhouse conditions, blueberries propagated in TIBs showed higher adaptability and growing rates than those cultured by the conventional approach, altogether evidencing the occurrence of a photomixotrophic stage in the vitroplantlets cultured in TIBs.展开更多
The liver is one of the most important organs in the body,performing a fundamental role in the regulationof diverse processes,among which the metabolism,secretion,storage,and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous...The liver is one of the most important organs in the body,performing a fundamental role in the regulationof diverse processes,among which the metabolism,secretion,storage,and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substances are prominent.Due to these functions,hepatic diseases continue to be among the main threats to public health,and they remain problems throughout the world.Despite enormous advances in modern medicine,there are no completely effective drugs that stimulate hepatic function,that offer complete protection of the organ,or that help to regenerate hepatic cells.Thus,it is necessary to identify pharmaceutical alternatives for the treatment of liver diseases,with the aim of these alternatives being more effective and less toxic.The use of some plants and the consumption of different fruits have played basic roles in human health care,and diverse scientific investigations have indicated that,in those plants and fruits so identified,their beneficial effects can be attributed to the presence of chemical compounds that are called phytochemicals.The present review had as its objective the collecting of data based on research conducted into some fruits(grapefruit,cranberries,and grapes)and plants[cactus pear(nopal)and cactus pear fruit,chamomile,silymarin,and spirulina],which are consumed frequently by humans and which have demonstrated hepatoprotective capacity,as well as an analysis of a resin(propolis)and some phytochemicals extracted from fruits,plants,yeasts,and algae,which have been evaluated in different models of hepatotoxicity.展开更多
Objective： To study the effect of Vaccinium uliginosum L., （VU） on the electroretinogram （ERG） and retinal pathological changes in rabbits after light-induced damage. Methods： Twenty-eight Chinchilla rabbits wer...Objective： To study the effect of Vaccinium uliginosum L., （VU） on the electroretinogram （ERG） and retinal pathological changes in rabbits after light-induced damage. Methods： Twenty-eight Chinchilla rabbits were randomly divided into four groups： administration beforehand （A）, administration after injury （B）, light injury without administration （C）, and blank （D） groups. After a 4-week administration of VU homogenate at 4.8 g/（kg.d） once a day in group A, ERG in groups A, B and C were recorded according to the standards set by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision （ISCEV）. Except for group D, the groups were then exposed to strong light. Just after that, group A stopped receiving VU treatment and group B started to receive it. Then ERGs in all groups were recorded after 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks. Throughout the whole process groups which were not fed with VU were fed with normal saline. Finally, the tissues and structures of all the groups were observed and the thickness of the outer nuclear layers （ONL） was measured. Results： （1） After 4-week feeding with VU, the latency time of ERG in group A became shorter than those in the other groups and the amplitude increased. After being exposed to strong light, the latency time lengthened and amplitude decreased in all the injury groups, but comparing at each time point, the measured values in group A were better than those in group C. With the accumulation of VU, the ERG in group B improved, and finally, all of the detected values became better than those in group C. （2） Retinae in group D were normal in histology and the layers were in order but those in group C became disarranged. The injudes in groups A and B were minor compared with those in group C. The thickness of the ONL in group C was significantly thinner than in the other groups （all P=0.000）, and that in groups A and B was thicker than that in group C, although thinner than in group D. That in group A was thicker than in group B. Conclusions： VU can relieve the injury to rabbit retinae exposed to normal day and night rhythm, alleviate the harm caused by light when used beforehand, and repair the light damage to the retina.展开更多
Objective: To study the protective effect of anthocyanins extracted from Vaccinium Uliginosum(VU)on retinal 661W cells against microwave radiation induced retinal injury. Methods: 661W cells were divided into 6 groups...Objective: To study the protective effect of anthocyanins extracted from Vaccinium Uliginosum(VU)on retinal 661W cells against microwave radiation induced retinal injury. Methods: 661W cells were divided into 6 groups, including control, model [661W cells radiated by microwave(30 mW/cm2, 1 h)] and VU groups [661W cells pretreated with anthocyanins extracted from VU(25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL, respectively) for 48 h, and radiated by microwave 30 mW/cm2, 1 h]. After treatment with different interventions, the cell apoptosis index(AI)was determined using Heochst staining;contents of malonaldehyde(MDA), glutataione(GSH), and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured. mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) were detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of HO-1 protein was examined by Western blot analysis. Nucleus and cytoplasm were separated and Nrf2 protein expression was further verified by Western blot analysis. Results: There was significant difference in AI among the groups(F=322.83, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, AI was significantly higher in the model group and was lower in 4 VU-pretreated groups(P<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed the decline of AI was in a dose-dependent manner with VU treatment(r=0.8419, P<0.05). The MDA and GSH contents of 661W cells in VU-treated groups were significantly lower than the model group(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the SOD activity in the VU-treated groups(50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) was significantly higher(all P<0.05). The Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expressions were slightly increased after irradiation, and obviously increased in 100 μg/mL VU-treated group. After irradiation, the relative expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 proteins in nucleus were slightly increased(P<0.05), and the changes in cytoplasm were not obvious,whereas it was significantly increased in both nucleus and cytoplasm in the VU treatment groups. Conclusions:Anthocyanins extracted from VU could reduce apoptosis, stabilize cell membrane, and alleviate oxidant injury of mouse retinal photoreceptor 661W cells. The mechanism might be through activating Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and inducing HO-1 transcription and translation.展开更多
文摘Background Vaccinium uliginosum L. is a type of blueberry found in the Chinese Changbai Mountains. We extracted Vaccinium uliginosum Anthocyanins （Av.uli） to investigate its bioactivity on suppressing cancer cells. Methods Av.lli was extracted under different conditions of temperature （10℃-35℃）, pH 1.0-3.0, and diatomaceous earth （1.0 g-3.0 g）, followed by a HPLC analysis for the determination of the ingredients. Its anticancer bioactivities on human colon and colorectal cancer cells （DLD-1 and COLO205） were compared with those on Lonicera caerulea Anthocyanins （AL.cae） and Vaccinium myrtillus Anthocyanins （Av.myr）, using cell viability assays, DNA electrophoresis and nuclear morphology assays. Results The optimum process of Av.uli extraction involved conditions of temperature 20℃, pH 2.0, and diatomaceous earth 1.0 g/50 g of fruit weight. Av.uli contained 5 main components： delphinidin （40.70±1.72）%, cyanidin （3.40±0.68）%, petunidin （17.70±0.54）%, peonidin （2.90±0.63）% and malvidin （35.50±1.11）%. The malvidin percentage was significantly higher （P 〈0.05） than it in Av.myr. Av.uli complied with a dose-dependent repression of cancer cell proliferation with an IC50 （50% inhibitory concentration） value of 50 μg/ml, and showed greater anticancer efficiency than AL. cae and Av. myr under the same cell treatment conditions. These observations were further supported by the results of nuclear assays. Conclusions The extraction protocol and conditions we used were effective for anthocyanin extraction. Av.uli could be a feasible practical research tool and a promising therapeutic source to suppress human colon or colorectal cancers.
基金the Program of Presidium of the Russian Acad.Sci. <>, the Russian Fund forBasic Research, No. 06-04-48079 the Program for LeadingScientific Schools, No. 5796.2006.4
文摘AIM: To study isolation and chemical characterization of pectin derived from the common cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos L. (oxycoccusan OP) and the testing of its preventive effect on experimental colitis.METHODS: Mice were administrated orally with OP two days prior to a rectal injection of 5% acetic acid and examined for colonic damage 24 h later. Colonic inflammation was characterized by macroscopical injury and enhanced levels of myeloperoxidase activity measured spectrophotometrically with o-phenylene diamine as the substrate. The mucus contents of the colon were determined by the Alcian blue dye binding method. Vascular permeability was estimated using 4% Evans blue passage after i.p. injection of 0.05 mol/L acetic acid. RESULTS: In the mice treated with OP, colonic macroscopic scores (1.1 ± 0.4 vs 2.7, P < 0.01) and the total square area of damage (10 ± 2 vs 21 ± 7, P < 0.01) were significantly reduced when compared with the vehicle-treated colitis group. OP was shown to decrease the tissue myeloperoxidase activity in colons (42 ± 11 vs 112 ± 40, P < 0.01) and enhance the amount of mucus of colitis mice (0.9 ± 0.1 vs 0.4 ± 0.1, P < 0.01). The level of colonic malondialdehyde was noted to decrease in OP-pretreated mice (3.6 ± 0.7 vs 5.1 ± 0.8, P < 0.01). OP was found to decrease the inflammatory status of mice as was determined by reduction of vascular permeability (161 ± 34 vs 241 ± 21, P < 0.01). Adhesionof peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages was also shown to decrease after administration of OP (141 ± 50 vs 235 ± 37, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Thus, a preventive effect of pectin from the common cranberry, namely oxycoccusan OP, on acetic acid-induced colitis in mice was detected. A reduction of neutrophil infiltration and antioxidant action may be implicated in the protective effect of oxycoccusan.
文摘A new procedure for blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) micropropagation in programmed Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIBs based on two separate bottles) was developed for the commercial genotypes Biloxi, Sharp Blue and Brillita. Plant cultures were developed in a controlled environment with 0.4 MPa CO2 enrichment, sucrose-reduced medium, and light intensity of 60 mM m-2·s-1. Principal component analysis showed that component 1 (C1) grouped 64.08% of the total variability, while the first two components accounted for 86.97%. Representation of the principal components demonstrated three clusters corresponding with the blueberry genotypes, and within each cluster plants micropropagated in agar-base medium grouped separately from those plants multiplied in TIBs. Both plant number and total internodes traits (related to the productive efficiency) were demonstrated superior in blueberries propagated in TIBs. Additionally, when transferred to greenhouse conditions, blueberries propagated in TIBs showed higher adaptability and growing rates than those cultured by the conventional approach, altogether evidencing the occurrence of a photomixotrophic stage in the vitroplantlets cultured in TIBs.
文摘The liver is one of the most important organs in the body,performing a fundamental role in the regulationof diverse processes,among which the metabolism,secretion,storage,and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substances are prominent.Due to these functions,hepatic diseases continue to be among the main threats to public health,and they remain problems throughout the world.Despite enormous advances in modern medicine,there are no completely effective drugs that stimulate hepatic function,that offer complete protection of the organ,or that help to regenerate hepatic cells.Thus,it is necessary to identify pharmaceutical alternatives for the treatment of liver diseases,with the aim of these alternatives being more effective and less toxic.The use of some plants and the consumption of different fruits have played basic roles in human health care,and diverse scientific investigations have indicated that,in those plants and fruits so identified,their beneficial effects can be attributed to the presence of chemical compounds that are called phytochemicals.The present review had as its objective the collecting of data based on research conducted into some fruits(grapefruit,cranberries,and grapes)and plants[cactus pear(nopal)and cactus pear fruit,chamomile,silymarin,and spirulina],which are consumed frequently by humans and which have demonstrated hepatoprotective capacity,as well as an analysis of a resin(propolis)and some phytochemicals extracted from fruits,plants,yeasts,and algae,which have been evaluated in different models of hepatotoxicity.
文摘Objective： To study the effect of Vaccinium uliginosum L., （VU） on the electroretinogram （ERG） and retinal pathological changes in rabbits after light-induced damage. Methods： Twenty-eight Chinchilla rabbits were randomly divided into four groups： administration beforehand （A）, administration after injury （B）, light injury without administration （C）, and blank （D） groups. After a 4-week administration of VU homogenate at 4.8 g/（kg.d） once a day in group A, ERG in groups A, B and C were recorded according to the standards set by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision （ISCEV）. Except for group D, the groups were then exposed to strong light. Just after that, group A stopped receiving VU treatment and group B started to receive it. Then ERGs in all groups were recorded after 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks. Throughout the whole process groups which were not fed with VU were fed with normal saline. Finally, the tissues and structures of all the groups were observed and the thickness of the outer nuclear layers （ONL） was measured. Results： （1） After 4-week feeding with VU, the latency time of ERG in group A became shorter than those in the other groups and the amplitude increased. After being exposed to strong light, the latency time lengthened and amplitude decreased in all the injury groups, but comparing at each time point, the measured values in group A were better than those in group C. With the accumulation of VU, the ERG in group B improved, and finally, all of the detected values became better than those in group C. （2） Retinae in group D were normal in histology and the layers were in order but those in group C became disarranged. The injudes in groups A and B were minor compared with those in group C. The thickness of the ONL in group C was significantly thinner than in the other groups （all P=0.000）, and that in groups A and B was thicker than that in group C, although thinner than in group D. That in group A was thicker than in group B. Conclusions： VU can relieve the injury to rabbit retinae exposed to normal day and night rhythm, alleviate the harm caused by light when used beforehand, and repair the light damage to the retina.
文摘Objective: To study the protective effect of anthocyanins extracted from Vaccinium Uliginosum(VU)on retinal 661W cells against microwave radiation induced retinal injury. Methods: 661W cells were divided into 6 groups, including control, model [661W cells radiated by microwave(30 mW/cm2, 1 h)] and VU groups [661W cells pretreated with anthocyanins extracted from VU(25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL, respectively) for 48 h, and radiated by microwave 30 mW/cm2, 1 h]. After treatment with different interventions, the cell apoptosis index(AI)was determined using Heochst staining;contents of malonaldehyde(MDA), glutataione(GSH), and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured. mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) were detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of HO-1 protein was examined by Western blot analysis. Nucleus and cytoplasm were separated and Nrf2 protein expression was further verified by Western blot analysis. Results: There was significant difference in AI among the groups(F=322.83, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, AI was significantly higher in the model group and was lower in 4 VU-pretreated groups(P<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed the decline of AI was in a dose-dependent manner with VU treatment(r=0.8419, P<0.05). The MDA and GSH contents of 661W cells in VU-treated groups were significantly lower than the model group(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the SOD activity in the VU-treated groups(50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) was significantly higher(all P<0.05). The Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expressions were slightly increased after irradiation, and obviously increased in 100 μg/mL VU-treated group. After irradiation, the relative expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 proteins in nucleus were slightly increased(P<0.05), and the changes in cytoplasm were not obvious,whereas it was significantly increased in both nucleus and cytoplasm in the VU treatment groups. Conclusions:Anthocyanins extracted from VU could reduce apoptosis, stabilize cell membrane, and alleviate oxidant injury of mouse retinal photoreceptor 661W cells. The mechanism might be through activating Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and inducing HO-1 transcription and translation.
