Compression Responses of Preform in Vacuum Infusion Process

The final thickness of a product after the vacuum infusion process （VIP）, which is equal to the fiber volume fraction, depends in part on the compression responses of the preform because one of the mold faces is flexible in VIE This study aims at investigating the compression responses of different fabrics under dry or wet conditions. The main factors affecting the compression response under investigation include, the vacuum pressure, the loading and unloading repeatability on the preform, the layup design, the kinds of fabrics, and the resin viscosity. Besides, the effects of some internal factors such as nesting and elastic recovery of fibers, lubrication of resin, friction between fibers, and so on, are also studied. In the end, this article expatiates the meaning of the matching requirements of the permeability of the preform and that of the distribution medium.

Effects of vacuum pre-oxidation process on thermally-grown oxides layer of CoCrAlY high temperature corrosion resistance coating

The influence of the certain specific vacuum pre-oxidation process on the phase transformation of thermally-grown oxides（TGO） was studied.The CoCrAlY high temperature corrosion resistance coatings were produced onto the nickel-based superalloy substrate by high velocity oxygen fuel（HVOF）.It suggests that the TGO usually consists of a great number of chromium oxides,cobalt oxides and spinel oxides besides alumina during the initial period of the high temperature oxidation if the specimens are not subjected to the appropriate vacuum pre-oxidation process.Furthermore,the amount of alumina is strongly dependent on the partial pressure of oxygen;while the CoCr2O4 spinel oxides are usually formed under the conditions of higher partial pressure of oxygen during the initial period and the lower partial pressure of oxygen during the subsequent period of the isothermal oxidation.After the appropriate vacuum pre-oxidation process,the TGO is mainly composed of alumina that contains lower Y element,while alumina that contains higher Y element sporadically distributes,and the spinel oxides cannot be found.After a longer period of the isothermal oxidation,a small amount of porous CoCr2O4 and the chrome oxide sporadically distribute near the continuous alumina.Additionally,after the appropriate vacuum pre-oxidation process,the TGO growth rate is relatively slow.

Hybrid Neural Network Model for RH Vacuum Refining Process Control

A hybrid neural network model,in which RH process(theoretical)model is combined organically with neural network(NN)and case-base reasoning(CBR),was established.The CBR method was used to select the operation mode and the RH operational guide parameters for different steel grades according to the initial conditions of molten steel,and a three-layer BP neural network was adopted to deal with nonlinear factors for improving and compensating the limitations of technological model for RH process control and end-point prediction.It was verified that the hybrid neural network is effective for improving the precision and calculation efficiency of the model.

Mold Filling Analysis in Vacuum Infusion Molding Process Based on a High-Permeable Medium

The objective of this paper is to understand the flow mechanism through visualization experiments and discuss theinfluence of process parameters on mold filling process. A 2D leakage flow model is developed to simulate the moldingprocess, and the simulation results show good agreement with experiments.

Novel design of lubricant-type vacuum distillation process for lube base oils production from hydrocracking tail oil

Dividing-wall columns(DWCs)are widely used in the separation of ternary mixtures,but rarely seen in the separation of petroleum fractions.This work develops two novel and energy-efficient designs of lubricant-type vacuum distillation process(LVDP)for the separation of hydroisomerization fractions(HIF)of a hydrocracking tail oil(HTO).First,the HTO hydroisomerization reaction is investigated in an experimental fixed-bed reactor to achieve the optimum liquid HIF by analyzing the impact of the operating conditions.A LVDP used for HIF separation is proposed and optimized.Subsequently,two thermal coupling intensified technologies,including side-stream(SC)and dividing-wall column(DWC),are combined with the LVDP to develop side-stream vacuum distillation process(SC-LVDP)and dividing-wall column vacuum distillation process(DWC-LVDP).The performance of LVDP,SC-LVDP,and DWC-LVDP are evaluated in terms of energy consumption,capital cost,total annual cost,product yields,and stripping steam consumption.The results demonstrates that the intensified processes,SC-LVDP and DWC-LVDP significantly decreases the energy consumption and capital cost compared with LVDP.DWC-LVDP further decreases in capital cost due to the removal of the side stripper and narrows the overlap between the third lube oils and fourth lube oils.This study attempts to combine DWC structure into the separation of petroleum fractions,and the proposed approach and the results presented provide an incentive for the industrial implementation of high-quality utilization of HTO through intensified LVDP.

Comparative evaluation of energy and resource consumption for vacuum carbothermal reduction and Pidgeon process used in magnesium production

With the fast development of the application of magnesium based alloys,the demand for primary magnesium is increasing dramatically all over the world.The Pidgeon process is the most widely used process for producing magnesium in China,but suffers from problems such as high energy,resource consumption and environmental pollution.While the process of vacuum carbothermal reduction to produce magnesium(VCTRM)has attracted more and more attention as its advantages,but it has not been well-practiced in industrial applications and there also is no comprehensive and quantitative analysis of this process.This study quantified the flows of resource and energy for the Pidgeon process and the VCTRM process,then compared and analyzed these two processes with each other from three aspects.The VCTRM process results in 63.14%and 69.16%lower of non-renewable mineral resources and energy consumptions when compared to the Pidgeon process,respectively.Moreover,the low energy consumption(2.675 tce vs.8.681 tce)and material to magnesium ratio(2.953:1 vs.6.429:1)of the VCTRM process,which lead to lower greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions(8.777 t vs.26.337 t)and solid waste generation(0.522 t vs.5.465 t)with a decrease of 66.67%and 90.45%,respectively.Results indicate that the VCTRM process is a more environmentally friendly process for magnesium production with high efficiency but low cost and low pollution,and it shows a good potential to be industrialized in the future after solving the bottleneck problem of the reverse reaction.

Vacuum Infusion Molding Process Part 1:VIMP Based on a High-Permeable Medium

The visualization experiments were carried out to investigate the permeability of the high permeable medium (HPM) and the roles of the peel ply and the HPM in the mold filling.The influence of process parameters on mold filling is discussed.Furthermore,the whole vacuum infusion molding process (VIMP) procedure is introduced in detail taking the manufacture of a model boat for example.

Numerical simulation of temperature distribution and heat transfer during solidification of titanium alloy ingots in vacuum arc remelting process

In order to get a better understanding of the vacuum consumable arc remelting(VAR) processes and thus to optimize them,a 3D finite element model was developed for the temperature fields and heat transfer of titanium alloy ingots during VAR process.The results show that the temperature fields obtained by the simulation are well validated through the experiment results.The temperature distribution is different during the whole VAR process and the steady-state molten pool forms at 329 s for d100 mm × 180 mm ingots.At the initial stage of remelting,the heat dissipation of crucible bottom plays an important role in the whole heat dissipation system.At the middle of remelting,the crucible wall becomes a major heat dissipation way.The effect of cooling velocity on the solidification structure of ingots was investigated based on the temperature fields and the results can well explain the macrostructure of titanium alloy ingots.

Vacuum Infusion Molding Process (Part 2 VIMP Based on Grooves)

The optimal parameters for flow grooves and supply grooves were determined by a series of experiments,and the influences of various molding conditions on the mold filling process were analyzed.Furthermore,the whole VIMP procedure based on grooves was introduced in detail taking the manufacture of a sandwich panel as an example.

Effect of vacuum on solidification process and microstructure of LFC magnesium alloy

Lost foam casting (LFC) is regarded as a cost-effective, environment-friendly vital option to the conventional casting process for production of near-net shape castings with high quality. Effect of vacuum on the solidification process and microstructure of LFC magnesium alloy were explored. The results indicate that vacuum plays a very important role in the heat transfer during mould filling and solidification periods, it increases the cooling rate of the filling melt, but greatly decreases the cooling rate of the casting during solidification period, and the solidification time of the casting is greater than that without vacuum. The microstructure of LFC magnesium alloy is rather coarse. Compared with that without vacuum, the microstructure of the LFC magnesium alloy under vacuum is more refined and has less precipitatedβ-phase, which is formed at the grain boundry and around the Al-Mn compound particle.

Vacuum-sealed casting process under pressure

A new casting method, the vacuum-sealed mold casting under pressure, has been developed, and thin wall iron castings with high precision and smooth surface have been produced successfully with this casting method. The experimental results show that the liquid iron has a very excellent filling ability because a high negative pressure is formed in the mold cavity during filling process. The vacuum-sealed mold under pressure has very high compressive strength greater than 650 kPa, which is 3-4 times as high as that of the molds produced by high-pressure molding process or vacuum-sealed molding process.

The Integration of Vacuum Brazing into Heat Treatment - A Progressive Combined Process

The continuous constructive challenge to improve the functionality and efficiency of components always results in higher demands on production engineering, against the background of the generally increasing cost pressure. In many cases, you will just succeed in producing competitive and innovative products by combining and coupling of different procedures to an independent (hybrid) technology. The use of hybrid procedures for metal joining and heat treatment of metallic materials finds more and more industrial fields of application. Modern vacuum lines with integrated pressurized gas quenching are considered high-performance and flexible means of production for brazing and heat treatment tasks as well in the turbine industry as in the mould making and tool manufacturing industry. In doing so, the heat treatment is coupled with the brazing cycle in a combined process so that the brazing temperatures and soak times are adapted to the necessary temperatures and times for solution heat treatment and austeniting. This user-oriented article describes on the one hand examples of brazing of turbine components, but above all the practical experience from the plastics processing industry, where the requirement for a high-efficient cooling of injection moulding dies gains more and more importance. The combined procedure "Vacuum Brazing and Hardening" offers plenty of possibilities to produce mould inserts with an efficient tempering system in an economic way.

低温真空油炸柿子脆片工艺优化及其品质分析

本文以柿子为原料,开展油炸温度、油炸时间、脱油时间以及切片厚度4个单因素对低温真空油炸柿子品质影响,并根据Box-Behnken试验原理,以柿子脆片的脆度、色差为响应值对低温真空油炸柿子脆片加工工艺进行优化,进一步对最终产品理化成分、微生物指标和微观结构进行分析。结果表明,油炸温度、油炸时间、脱油时间和切片厚度都影响柿子脆片的脆度和色差,经响应面优化试验分析并根据实际修正确定低温真空油炸柿子脆片的最佳工艺为:脱油时间5 min、油炸时间50 min、油炸温度80℃、切片厚度5.5 mm。该条件下柿子脆片脆度858.97 g、色差值ΔE 17.28、水分含量2.60%、含油率为22.53%、可滴定酸0.34 g/L、V_(C)含量31.20 mg/100 g;柿子脆片产品色泽金黄、形状完整,脆片内部呈现蜂窝状多孔疏松结构,产品口感酥脆,微生物指标符合卫生要求。本研究可为柿子低温真空油炸脆片产品的开发提供技术支撑。

Physical Modeling of the Vacuum Circulation Refining Process of Molten Steel

The available studies in the literature on physical modeling of the vacuum circulation (RH, i.e. Ruhrstahl Heraeus) refining process of molten steel have briefly been reviewed. The latest advances made by the author with his research group have been summarized. Water modeling was employed to investigate the flow and mixing characteristics of molten steel under the RH and RH KTB (Kawasaki top blowing) conditions and the mass transfer features between molten steel and powder particles in the RH PTB (powder top blowing) refining. The geometric similarity ratio between the model and its prototype (a multifunction RH degasser of 90 t capacity) was 1:5. The effects of the related technological and structural factors were considered. These latest studies have revealed the flow and mixing characteristics of molten steel and the mass transfer features between molten steel and powder particles in these processes, and have provided a better understanding of the refining processes of molten steel.

Mathematical Modeling of the Vacuum Circulation Refining Process of Molten Steel

The available studies in the literature on mathematical modeling of the vacuum circulation (RH) refining process of molten steel have briefly been reviewed. The latest advances obtained by the author with his research group have been summarized. On the basis of the mass and momentum balances in the system, a new mathematical model for decarburization and degassing during the RH and RH KTB refining processes of molten steel was proposed and developed. The refining roles of the three reaction sites, i.e. the up snorkel zone, the droplet group and steel bath in the vacuum vessel, were considered in the model. It was assumed that the mass transfer of reactive components in the molten steel is the rate control step of the refining reactions. And the friction losses and drags of flows in the snorkels and vacuum vessel were all counted. The model was applied to the refining of molten steel in a multifunction RH degasser of 90 t capacity. The decarburization and degassing processes in the degasser under the RH and RH KTB operating conditions were modeled and analyzed using this model. Besides, proceeded from the two resistance mass transfer theory and the mass balance of sulphur in the system, a kinetic model for the desulphurization by powder injection and blowing in the RH refining of molten steel was developed. Modeling and predictions of the process of injecting and blowing the lime based powder flux under assumed operating modes with the different initial contents of sulphur and amounts of powder injected and blown in a RH degasser of 300 t capacity were carried out using the model. It was demonstrated that for the RH and RH KTB refining processes, and the desulphurization by powder injection and blowing in the RH refining, the results predicted by the models were all in good agreement respectively with data from industrial experiments and practice. These models may be expected to offer some useful information and a reliable basis for determining and optimizing the technologies of the RH and RH KTB refining and desulphurization by powder injection and blowing in the RH refining and for controlling the processes.

数智化全自动标本转移系统在手术病理标本前处理流程中的应用

目的:探讨在数智化管理背景下,由手术室护士主导的数智化全自动标本转移系统在手术病理标本前处理流程中的应用效果,为提高手术病理标本质量提供参考。方法:构建数智化全自动标本转移系统,并将其应用于手术病理标本前处理流程中,比较系统应用前(2023年4月—7月)和系统应用后(2023年8月—11月)的病理标本送检效率、送检质量、手术室护士心理压力及医护人员满意度。结果:应用数智化全自动标本转移系统后,病理标本前处理流程时长较应用前平均减少3.66 min,一次性接收合格率由87.07%提高至96.42%,病理送检质量满意率较高,护士工作压力显著缓解,医务人员满意度明显提高,以上差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:数智化全自动标本转移系统应用于手术标本前处理流程中可有效提高手术标本前处理效率并缓解护士工作压力,保障病理标本送检质量,为医疗诊断提供可靠的依据,有效减少医务人员职业暴露,提升医护人员满意度。

响应面法优化澳洲坚果真空油炸工艺及品质分析

以澳洲坚果果仁为原料,制备真空油炸产品。采用单因素实验和响应面Box-Behnken试验进行真空油炸工艺优化;以原料果仁为对照,测定真空油炸果仁含油率、酸价、过氧化值、色差与感官品质指标。结果表明:冷冻温度、真空油炸温度、真空油炸时间和真空度对澳洲坚果果仁的口感和风味品质影响差异极显著(P<0.01),澳洲坚果果仁真空油炸最佳工艺条件:冷冻温度−24℃、真空油炸温度113℃、真空油炸时间58 min、真空度−0.095 MPa,在该工艺条件下制得的澳洲坚果果仁香味浓郁、口感酥松,感官评分为95.90分,酸价、过氧化值分别为0.23 mg/g、0.14 g/100 g,在低水平范围内,符合LY/T 1963-2018的标准要求。因此,真空油炸工艺极显著提高了澳洲坚果果仁的品质。

热流道板真空钎焊有限元模拟与分析

采用BNi-2镍基钎料对热流道板进行真空钎焊,须根据钎焊件设定加热工艺曲线。加热工艺曲线的设定是钎焊过程最重要的环节之一,决定着钎焊的质量和效率。该文结合真空加热的特点及钎焊要求,运用Ansys有限元软件数值模拟的方法,对壁厚、体积较大的多层热流道板真空钎焊进行仿真分析,通过对比不同工艺方案及不同钎焊件的模拟结果,探究真空钎焊过程升温规律,从而调整各阶段的相关参数及制定合理的加热工艺曲线,避免了现场反复调试参数造成的资源浪费,节约了时间和成本,提高了效率。此外,通过在实际钎焊试验过程中布置热电偶对钎焊件测量温度,并与数值模拟结果对比,两者基本吻合,验证了有限元分析的准确性,能为之后其他零部件的真空钎焊提供参考。

基于床层传热的皮江法炼镁过程优化

球团在还原罐内传热导致的温度梯度是限制皮江法还原反应的关键因素.本文采用数值方法研究了球团尺寸、装料方式、还原罐外壁温度等因素对床层温度分布、还原率分布的影响.结果表明:在球团直径为22.3 mm、还原时间相同时能够获得最大的还原率;生产过程中应尽量提高还原罐外壁温度;床层中心区域温度低,还原反应速率慢,反应滞后;通过中心留空的方法能够有效缩短还原周期,提高原料利用率;以单位体积、单位时间镁的产量为依据,对于内径为270 mm的还原罐,当中心留空区域的直径小于27 mm时,可获得最大生产效率.

影响工业还原罐内铝热法炼镁过程还原效率的因素

在工业还原罐内进行铝热还原炼镁试验,分析影响还原效率的因素。结果表明:结晶镁的氧化和燃烧以及原料混合不均匀是导致还原效率降低的主要原因;原料混合不均匀导致贫铝区和MgO剩余,促进生成12CaO·7Al_(2)O_(3)和CaO·Al_(2)O_(3);对于富铝区域,MgO和CaO同时被还原,生成Mg_(2)Ca相。辐射传热和化学反应吸热是影响还原速率的关键因素;提高加热温度能够迅速提高球团层的温度,进而使球团获得足够的反应速度;此外,球团中含镁量越高,需要的反应时间越长。