On Similarity Measures and Distance Measures of Fuzzy Soft Sets

In this paper we introduce several new similarity measures and distance measures between fuzzy soft sets, these measures are examined based on the set-theoretic approach and the matching function. Comparative studies of these measures are derived. By introducing two general formulas, we propose a new method to define the similarity measures and the distance measures between two fuzzy soft sets with different parameter sets.

Power Aggregation Operators and Similarity Measures Based on Improved Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets and their Applications to Multiple Attribute Decision Making

Intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy set(IHFS)is amixture of two separated notions called intuitionistic fuzzy set(IFS)and hesitant fuzzy set(HFS),as an important technique to cope with uncertain and awkward information in realistic decision issues.IHFS contains the grades of truth and falsity in the formof the subset of the unit interval.The notion of IHFS was defined by many scholars with different conditions,which contain several weaknesses.Here,keeping in view the problems of already defined IHFSs,we will define IHFS in another way so that it becomes compatible with other existing notions.To examine the interrelationship between any numbers of IHFSs,we combined the notions of power averaging(PA)operators and power geometric(PG)operators with IHFSs to present the idea of intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy PA(IHFPA)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy PG(IHFPG)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy power weighted average(IHFPWA)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy power ordered weighted average(IHFPOWA)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy power ordered weighted geometric(IHFPOWG)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy power hybrid average(IHFPHA)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy power hybrid geometric(IHFPHG)operators and examined as well their fundamental properties.Some special cases of the explored work are also discovered.Additionally,the similarity measures based on IHFSs are presented and their advantages are discussed along examples.Furthermore,we initiated a new approach to multiple attribute decision making(MADM)problem applying suggested operators and a mathematical model is solved to develop an approach and to establish its common sense and adequacy.Advantages,comparative analysis,and graphical representation of the presented work are elaborated to show the reliability and effectiveness of the presented works.

双论域区间值直觉模糊vague粗糙集及其应用

区间值直觉模糊集可诱导出vague集和粗糙集,而后两者的结合具有不确定性深入分析的优势.立足双论域区间值直觉模糊粗糙集,引入vague集进行融合扩张,研究双论域区间值直觉模糊vague粗糙集.首先,定义区间值直觉模糊vague相容类,构建双论域区间值直觉模糊vague粗糙集模型,提出关于双逼近近似和三支决策区域的计算算法,并确立该模型的精确度、粗糙度、依赖度.然后,研究该模型的近似算子与不确定性度量的性质.最后,采用医疗例子进行模型计算、度量测量、性质验证,并得到关于患者临床诊断的患病分析与治疗决策.

P-Indeterminate Vector Similarity Measures of Orthopair Neutrosophic Number Sets and Their Decision-MakingMethod with Indeterminate Degrees

In the complexity and indeterminacy of decision making(DM)environments,orthopair neutrosophic number set(ONNS)presented by Ye et al.can be described by the truth and falsity indeterminacy degrees.Then,ONNS demonstrates its advantages in the indeterminate information expression,aggregations,and DM problems with some indeterminate ranges.However,the existing research lacks some similarity measures between ONNSs.They are indispensable mathematical tools and play a crucial role in DM,pattern recognition,and clustering analysis.Thus,it is necessary to propose some similaritymeasures betweenONNSs to supplement the gap.To solve the issue,this study firstly proposes the p-indeterminate cosine measure,p-indeterminate Dice measure,p-indeterminate Jaccard measure of ONNSs(i.e.,the three parameterized indeterminate vector similarity measures of ONNSs)in vector space.Then,a DMmethod based on the parameterized indeterminate vector similarity measures of ONNSs is developed to solve indeterminate multiple attribute DM problems by choosing different indeterminate degrees of the parameter p,such as the small indeterminate degree(p=0)or the moderate indeterminate degree(p=0.5)or the big indeterminate degree(p=1).Lastly,an actual DM example on choosing a suitable logistics supplier is provided to demonstrate the flexibility and practicability of the developed DM approach in indeterminate DM problems.By comparison with existing relative DM methods,the superiority of this study is that the established DMapproach indicates its flexibility and suitability depending on decision makers’indeterminate degrees(decision risks)in ONNS setting.

一种改进的Vague集相似度量公式及其在生态调度评价中应用

长江防汛期间洪水影响其下游鱼类产卵、生存等鱼类生态平衡,需要合理科学制定长江电站临时日流量生态调度方案以满足特殊时期长江下游鱼类生态需求。采用模糊集相似度作为权衡电站调制效益的准则,以长江下游水电站—向家坝水电站为例,剖析其2013—2023年4-9月份的每日水流量数据,再根据线性插值方法构建流量阈值的Vague集隶属度函数,并创建一种相似度度量公式来评价各月份水文数据。应用所建相似度对4种水文数据方案进行评估,结果得到与每个月份相似度最高的方案。探究结果可以为电站临时生态调度方案的选择和评价提供参考。

一种基于包含关系的Vague集新相似度量方法

针对已有相似度量方法考虑因素不全面的情况,本文从二次投票出发同时考虑了二次投票中支持度、反对度和未知度的包含关系,合理设置系数,提出一种新的基于包含关系的Vague集相似度量方法,理论证明新相似度量方法满足相似度量的基本准则。分别选取小样本和大样本与已有相似度量方法进行比较,提出了一种新的相似度区分能力的定义。实验结果表明:对于小样本数据,本文提出的相似度量方法区分能力最大为0.14;对于大样本数据,本文提出的相似度量方法区分能力最大为119.8。将新相似度量方法分别应用于故障诊断、模式识别和多准则决策中,结果表明新的相似度量方法能够有效和合理地区分数据。

A novel similarity measure between intuitionistic fuzzy sets based on the mid points of transformed triangular fuzzy numbers with applications to pattern recognition and medical diagnosis

Similarity measure is an essential tool to compare and determine the degree of similarity between intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). In this paper, a new similarity measure between intuitionistic fuzzy sets based on the mid points of transformed triangular fuzzy numbers is proposed. The proposed similarity measure provides reasonable results not only for the sets available in the literature but also gives very reasonable results, especially for fuzzy sets as well as for most intuitionistic fuzzy sets. To provide supportive evidence, the proposed similarity measure is tested on certain sets available in literature and is also applied to pattern recognition and medical diagnosis problems. It is observed that the proposed similarity measure provides a very intuitive quantification.

Cotangent Similarity Measure of Consistent Neutrosophic Sets and Application to Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Problems in Neutrosophic Multi-Valued Setting

A neutrosophic multi-valued set(NMVS)is a crucial representation for true,false,and indeterminate multivalued information.Then,a consistent single-valued neutrosophic set(CSVNS)can effectively reflect the mean and consistency degree of true,false,and indeterminate multi-valued sequences and solve the operational issues between different multi-valued sequence lengths in NMVS.However,there has been no research on consistent single-valued neutrosophic similarity measures in the existing literature.This paper proposes cotangent similarity measures and weighted cotangent similarity measures between CSVNSs based on cotangent function in the neutrosophic multi-valued setting.The cosine similarity measures showthe cosine of the angle between two vectors projected into amultidimensional space,rather than their distance.The cotangent similaritymeasures in this study can alleviate several shortcomings of cosine similarity measures in vector space to a certain extent.Then,a decisionmaking approach is presented in viewof the established cotangent similarity measures in the case of NMVSs.Finally,the developed decision-making approach is applied to selection problems of potential cars.The proposed approach has obtained two different results,which have the same sort sequence as the compared literature.The decision results prove its validity and effectiveness.Meantime,it also provides a new manner for neutrosophic multi-valued decision-making issues.

Study of Similarity Measures with Linear Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition

Face recognition systems have been in the active research in the area of image processing for quite a long time. Evaluating the face recognition system was carried out with various types of algorithms used for extracting the features, their classification and matching. Similarity measure or distance measure is also an important factor in assessing the quality of a face recognition system. There are various distance measures in literature which are widely used in this area. In this work, a new class of similarity measure based on the Lp metric between fuzzy sets is proposed which gives better results when compared to the existing distance measures in the area with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The result points to a positive direction that with the existing feature extraction methods itself the results can be improved if the similarity measure in the matching part is efficient.

THE EXACT MEASURES OF A CLASS OF SELF-SIMILAR SETS ON THE PLANE

Let S belong to R^2 be the attractor of the iterated function system {f1, f2, f3 } iterating on the unit equilateral triangle So. where fi（x） =λix ＋ bi, i = 1,2, 3, x =（x1, x2）, b1=（0, 0）, b3=（1-λ3 /2,√3/2 （1-λ3）） This paper determines the exact Hausdorff measure, centred covering measure and packing measure of S under some conditions relating to the contraction parameter.

Some Results on the Upper Convex Densities of the Self-Similar Sets at the Contracting-Similarity Fixed Points

In this paper, some results on the upper convex densities of self-similar sets at the contracting-similarity fixed points are discussed. Firstly, a characterization of the upper convex densities of self-similar sets at the contracting-similarity fixed points is given. Next, under the strong separation open set condition, the existence of the best shape for the upper convex densities of self-similar sets at the contracting-similarity fixed points is proven. As consequences, an open problem and a conjecture, which were posed by Zhou and Xu, are answered.

Similarity Measures of Satellite Images Using an Adaptive Feature Contrast Model

Similarity measurement is one of key operations to retrieve “desired” images from an image database. As a famous psychological similarity measure approach, the Feature Contrast (FC) model is defined as a linear combination of both common and distinct features. In this paper, an adaptive feature contrast (AdaFC) model is proposed to measure similarity between satellite images for image retrieval. In the AdaFC, an adaptive function is used to model a variable role of distinct features in the similarity measurement. Specifically, given some distinct features in a satellite image, e.g., a COAST image, they might play a significant role when the image is compared with an image including different semantics, e.g., a SEA image, and might be trivial when it is compared with a third image including same semantics, e.g., another COAST image. Experimental results on satellite images show that the proposed model can consistently improve similarity retrieval effectiveness of satellite images including multiple geo-objects, for example COAST images.

Analysis of TOPSIS techniques based on bipolar complex fuzzy N-soft setting and their applications in decision-making problems

A novel model termed a bipolar complex fuzzy N-soft set(BCFN-SS)is initiated for tackling information that involves positive and negative aspects,the second dimension,and parameterised grading simultaneously.The theory of BCFN-SS is the generalisation of two various theories,that is,bipolar complex fuzzy(BCF)and N-SS.The invented model of BCFN-SS helps decision-makers to cope with the genuine-life dilemmas containing BCF information along with parameterised grading at the same time.Further,various algebraic operations,including the usual type of union,intersection,complements,and a few others types,are invented.Certain primary operational laws for BCFNSS are also invented.Moreover,a technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution(TOPSIS)approach is devised in the setting of BCFN-SS for managing strategic decision-making(DM)dilemmas containing BCFN-SS information.Keeping in mind the usefulness and benefits of the TOPSIS approach,two various types of TOPSIS approaches in the environment of BCFN-SS are devised and then a numerical example for exposing the usefulness of the devised TOPSIS approach is interpreted.To disclose the prominence and benefits of the devised work,the devised approaches with numerous prevailing work are compared.

Vague相似度量与Vague熵

The paper draws comparison and analysis among present similarity measure methods in the case of similari-ty measures between Vague values, provides a new similarity measure method, of which discusses on the normalcharacteristics, gives some relative character theorems. At the same time, it analyzes the application of fuzzy similari-ty measures in vague similarity measures and gives its normal forms such as similarity measures between Vague sets,between elements and their weighted similarity measures. Finally, vague entropy rule respectively aiming at twokinds of cases is approached and its corresponding vague entropy expressions is provided. The content of this paper isof practical significance in such fields as fuzzy decision-making, vague clustering, pattern recognition, data miningetc.

Vague集相似度量的新方法

根据区间相似性的原理,指出影响Vague集相似性度量的4个因素,指出了现有方法的不足,提出了一种新的Vague集相似性度量方法,证明了它满足若干准则。通过例子证明了方法的有效性和优越性。

一种新的基于核函数的Vague集间的相似度量

分析了已有Vague集之间相似度度量方法存在的缺陷.在此基础上,充分挖掘Vague值中的不确定信息,利用两个Vague值核函数取小、取大的比值给出新的相似度量方法,给出基于动态核函数的Vague值的相似度定义,以及相应的Vague集和Vague元素的相似度定义.并通过例子说明该方法适用于Vague环境的行为分析问题.

Vague集之间相似性度量的基本准则与一般方法

研究一般情形下Vague集之间的相似性度量问题。分析现有相似度度量方法的种类并指出其不足之处,提出Vague值间相似性度量的基本准则。考虑到未知信息对相似度的影响,根据基本准则提出适用于一般情况的度量公式。讨论该公式满足基本准则的必要条件,并给出具体的公式。最后通过模式识别中的实例说明其有效性。

基于Vague集相似度量的图像隐写系统安全性测度

由于图像隐写所引起的各种统计特征变化是不确定的,文中将Vague集相似度量引入隐写系统的安全性评价中.从图像的一阶统计特征和二阶统计特征两方面,定义了基于载体数据及载密数据相关Vague集相似度量的隐写系统一阶和二阶安全性测度,证明了该安全性测度的有界性,对称性和一致性.在假设图像满足独立同分布的条件下,证明了所提出的两种安全性测度是等价的.结果表明,所提出的二阶安全性比一阶安全性能更好地反映隐写引起的载体统计分布变化.与确定模式下的安全性测度相比,当嵌入率低于0.5比特/像素,新的测度可更好地度量隐写系统安全性,因此该测度对小容量的隐写及隐写分析算法设计具有更好的指导作用.

粗糙Vague集及其相似度量

对粗糙V ague集的基本操作和性质进行了研究。另外,对粗糙V ague集的相似度量问题进行研究,首先构造一种粗糙V ague值的相似度函数并给出其基本性质,然后给出一种粗糙V ague集的相似度函数以及一种粗糙V ague集的加权相似度函数。