[Objective] This study aimed to investigate an outbreak of apple valsa canker （Valsa ceratosperma） in Yantai apple producing area in 2011 and analyze the major causes of the disease. [Method] In May 2011, 21 commerc...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate an outbreak of apple valsa canker （Valsa ceratosperma） in Yantai apple producing area in 2011 and analyze the major causes of the disease. [Method] In May 2011, 21 commercial apple or-chards in Qixia, Haiyang and Laiyang were selected to investigate the outbreak of applevalsa canker. [Result]The results showed that apple canker occurred seriously in Yantai apple producing area in 2011. The ratio of diseased plants with new canker scars was 68.20% and the ratio of dead plants infected with Valsa cer-atosperma was 2.76%. The average ratios of diseased branches and one-year-old dead branches were 23.98% and 10.74%, respectively. The percentage of orchards with more than 50% diseased plants accounted for 25%-30% of the total number of orchards investigated, and the overal prevalence situation was more serious than normal years. In the investigation, 967 new canker scars were observed, with an average of 2.32 canker scars per plant. Specifical y, 80.04% canker scars were de-veloped from pruning wounds; 60.29% canker scars were developed from previous scars. [Conclusion] The long-period precipitation in the autumn of 2010, low temper-ature in the winter of 2010 and the severe drought in the spring of 2011 might be the major factors causing the outbreak of apple valsa canker in Yantai apple pro-ducing area in 2011. Pruning wounds were the main infection entrances of V. cer-atosperma, and the recurrence in previous scars was the main reason for the out-break of apple canker in spring.展开更多
【目的】为了明确苹果树腐烂病菌有性态在不同生境条件下的发生情况及生物学特性,【方法】以甘肃省6市11县(区)不同生境条件下患病的苹果树病皮为试验材料,对苹果树腐烂病菌有性态的形态学、形成时间、侵染性和子囊孢子萌发条件进行研...【目的】为了明确苹果树腐烂病菌有性态在不同生境条件下的发生情况及生物学特性,【方法】以甘肃省6市11县(区)不同生境条件下患病的苹果树病皮为试验材料,对苹果树腐烂病菌有性态的形态学、形成时间、侵染性和子囊孢子萌发条件进行研究。【结果】甘肃省苹果树腐烂病原菌有性态为Valsa ceratosperma(Tode et Fr)Maire,仅分布在甘肃东部气候较湿润的天水、平凉、庆阳3地,形成时间天水在8月中下旬,平凉和庆阳在9月中下旬。平凉菌株子囊壳埋藏最深,达809.85μm,与天水、庆阳菌株差异显著。三地的有性态子囊孢子在最适条件下均可萌发,36 h内不同光照条件下,各地子囊孢子的萌发率差异不显著。子囊孢子在不同光照和不同营养条件下都能萌发,以全黑暗条件下和PDA培养基上的萌发率最高。【结论】苹果树腐烂病菌有性态分布在气候较为湿润、年平均温度较高的地区,有性态无侵染性,光照和营养条件对子囊孢子萌发有显著影响。展开更多
基金Supported by National Modern Industrial Technology System of Apple(CARS-28)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31000891)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate an outbreak of apple valsa canker （Valsa ceratosperma） in Yantai apple producing area in 2011 and analyze the major causes of the disease. [Method] In May 2011, 21 commercial apple or-chards in Qixia, Haiyang and Laiyang were selected to investigate the outbreak of applevalsa canker. [Result]The results showed that apple canker occurred seriously in Yantai apple producing area in 2011. The ratio of diseased plants with new canker scars was 68.20% and the ratio of dead plants infected with Valsa cer-atosperma was 2.76%. The average ratios of diseased branches and one-year-old dead branches were 23.98% and 10.74%, respectively. The percentage of orchards with more than 50% diseased plants accounted for 25%-30% of the total number of orchards investigated, and the overal prevalence situation was more serious than normal years. In the investigation, 967 new canker scars were observed, with an average of 2.32 canker scars per plant. Specifical y, 80.04% canker scars were de-veloped from pruning wounds; 60.29% canker scars were developed from previous scars. [Conclusion] The long-period precipitation in the autumn of 2010, low temper-ature in the winter of 2010 and the severe drought in the spring of 2011 might be the major factors causing the outbreak of apple valsa canker in Yantai apple pro-ducing area in 2011. Pruning wounds were the main infection entrances of V. cer-atosperma, and the recurrence in previous scars was the main reason for the out-break of apple canker in spring.
文摘【目的】为了明确苹果树腐烂病菌有性态在不同生境条件下的发生情况及生物学特性,【方法】以甘肃省6市11县(区)不同生境条件下患病的苹果树病皮为试验材料,对苹果树腐烂病菌有性态的形态学、形成时间、侵染性和子囊孢子萌发条件进行研究。【结果】甘肃省苹果树腐烂病原菌有性态为Valsa ceratosperma(Tode et Fr)Maire,仅分布在甘肃东部气候较湿润的天水、平凉、庆阳3地,形成时间天水在8月中下旬,平凉和庆阳在9月中下旬。平凉菌株子囊壳埋藏最深,达809.85μm,与天水、庆阳菌株差异显著。三地的有性态子囊孢子在最适条件下均可萌发,36 h内不同光照条件下,各地子囊孢子的萌发率差异不显著。子囊孢子在不同光照和不同营养条件下都能萌发,以全黑暗条件下和PDA培养基上的萌发率最高。【结论】苹果树腐烂病菌有性态分布在气候较为湿润、年平均温度较高的地区,有性态无侵染性,光照和营养条件对子囊孢子萌发有显著影响。
