Creative Teaching + Creative Class = Creative Products + Additional Value—A Case Study of Course Reform of Three-dimension Structure

The teaching model of "creative Teaching + creative class = creative products + additional value" was proposed, so as to cultivate students' design creativity and practical ability by changing teaching concepts and curriculum of Three-dimension Structure, and using new materials for spatial creativity training. This paper acclaims that only if the traditional teaching concepts of Three-dimension Structrue are abandoned, students' specialty fully used, the teaching effect will be improved effectively.

Harnessing the Market Potential of the Bamboo Industry in Central Luzon, Philippines: An Analysis of the Internal and External Environment

The bamboo industry in Central Luzon holds significant promise for economic development and environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze the internal and external factors influencing the bamboo industry in the region through SWOT and PESTLE analyses. Based on a focus group discussion involving key industry players, the study explores the industry’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. Findings reveal the importance of comprehensive strategies that address political stability, economic growth, consumer awareness, technological advancement, legal compliance, and environmental sustainability. Recommendations include capacity-building for production and marketing, the establishment of bamboo treatment facilities, and advocacy for supportive policies. By addressing these factors, the bamboo industry in Central Luzon can realize its potential for socio-economic development and environmental stewardship.

Evaluation of Key Players of Longganisa (Pork Sausage) Industry in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

The objective of the research was to assess the major participants in the Longganisa (Pork Sausage) industry in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. The study employed direct interviews using a structured survey questionnaire, targeting input providers, growers, hog dealers/traders, processors, vendors, and consumers. These interviews helped to map out the specific value chain for Longganisa in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. Recommendations were provided to address the identified gaps and enhance the Longganisa industry in Cabanatuan City. The Longganisa industry serves as a valuable means of livelihood and income for small-scale meat processors and vendors in the city. The support provided by the Local Government Unit (LGU), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and Cabanatuan City Supermarket Vendors Multi-Purpose Cooperative (C2SVMPC) has proven immensely beneficial to the Longganisa industry. This support encompasses technical assistance, financial aid, promotional activities, and the provision of facilities, all aimed at enhancing the industry’s adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and overall improvement.

Quality Evaluation of Novel Biscuits Made from Wheat Supplemented with Watermelon Rinds and Orange Pomace Flour Blends

This study was designed to bridge gap in nutritionally skewed available biscuits and the high volume of agricultural waste generated by investigating the quality of biscuits prepared from wheat base, supplemented with waste from watermelon rinds and orange pomace as possible nutritious alternatives. Biscuit samples were respectively produced from blends of wheat, watermelon rind and orange pomace in the following ratio 100:0:0;90:5:5;80:10:10;70:15:15 and 60:20:20, labelled samples A, B, C, D and E. Functional, proximate, mineral and sensory properties of the formulated biscuit samples were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The results showed that proximate composition of samples B - E significantly increased (p < 0.05) except for carbohydrate content when compared with sample A used as control. There were also significant increases (p < 0.05) in mineral contents of supplemented samples compared to control. The result of the sensory evaluation showed that wheat flour can be substituted with watermelon rind and orange pomace flours up to 10% without adversely affecting the overall quality attributes of the biscuits. These results indicate the robustness of food value addition as an effective means of improving nutritional quality of biscuits while contributing to waste management in the agricultural value chain.

Cement Resources, Agrominerals, Construction, Marble, Dimension and Decor Stone Resources, Gemstone and Jewelry Resources of Pakistan

Large deposits of cement raw material and resources like limestone, gypsum and shales/clays found from the Koh Sulaiman area of South Punjab (Saraikistan) and Balochistan Provinces, Pakistan. The installation of cement industries especially in South Punjab/Saraikistan Province due to close occurrences of resources should develop the area and increase the export. The Koh Sulaiman regions of South Punjab (Saraikistan) have huge gypsum deposits which deserve for further exploitation. Pakistan is agricultural country and fertility of cultivated lands is vital. Fertilizer resources like phosphate deposits are moderate but the deposits of phosphate and potash bearing rocks are very vast and need their further explorations and exploitation in the Indus Basin. Pakistan has very large construction, dimension and decor stone deposits like limestone, marble, dolomite and igneous rocks like granite, dolerite, serpentine, etc. which needs further exploitation for the development of the areas and increase export. Pakistan is spending a lot of earnings for importing glass, glass wares, pottery, clay, etc. while Pakistan has these resources which needs exploitation of own resources. The best structures and geotectonic elements like the Northern and Western Indus Sutures and Karakoram Suture and Indus placers which are rich in gemstones and jewelry resources. To increase gems and jewelry export, these industries requires reduction in gemstones smuggling and encouragement for gem appraisal and jewelry industry at high level for value addition. In short, Pakistan is rich in natural resources but poor in development. Try should be made to develop and export the own mineral commodities like cement, gypsum, marble, gemstones and jewelry.

Coal-derived humic acid for application in acid mine drainage(AMD)water treatment and electrochemical devices

In this research work,isolation of humic acid from coal of Northeastern region of India is reported.The study is also targeted for application of the coal-derived humic acid in acid mine drainage(AMD)water treatment and electrochemical devices.All the obtained results are compared with the standard humic acid and examined the formation of humic acid from the coal.The isolated coal-derived humic acid is found to be high degree of humifications and relatively stable up to about 200℃.The FTIR study indicates the formation of metal-humic acid complexes.On treatment with acidic water(AMD),the coal-derived humic acid was found to have the ability to remove toxic metal such as(in order)Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd.In addition,the preliminary electrochemical properties of the isolated humic acid are also discussed in the paper.The specific capacitance of the isolated coal-derived humic acid via cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge analysis is found to be 7 mF/g at scan rate 10 mV/s and 22 mF/g within the potential window 0.4 V,respectively.The charge-discharge cycles are stable for more than 1000 cycles within the potential window 0.4 V.This study will create a new pathway for the further research in this field.

Nutritional and Sensory Evaluation of Novel Ice Cream Products Formulated From Kunu-Zaki Fortified with Fruit Pulp

Consumption of ice cream produced from dairy products has been reportedly associated with health hazards. To circumvent this, this study was undertaken to formulate plant-based ice cream using kunu-zaki and soymilk (as substitutes for dairy milk) fortified with mango, banana and avocado. Standard method for the preparation of ice cream was modified to formulate three variants of kunu-zaki ice cream designated as B (40% kunu-zaki, 40% banana pulp and 20% soymilk);C (40% kunu-zaki, 40% mango pulp and 20% soymilk);D (40% kunu-zaki, 40% avocado pulp and 20% soymilk), while control sample A was commercial dairy-based ice cream. Analyses of proximate, mineral and vitamin compositions were carried out on the samples following standard procedures. The results showed lower fat content in all the formulated ice cream samples, which ranged from 0.60 - 0.96 g/100g compared to the control sample with fat content of 8.15 g/100g. Similarly, the formulated ice cream samples have significant protein content with sample D recording the highest value of 3.67 g/100g compared to control sample. Samples B and C contained higher vitamin C, vitamin B6, calcium and sodium content in comparison to sample A. Sensory evaluation showed that samples B and sample C were the most acceptable ice cream variants in comparison to the control sample. These findings lend credence to the strategy of value addition for providing healthier food alternatives while contributing to the reduction in post-harvest losses of fruits utilized as fortificants.

Biotechnological potential of agro-industrial wastes for protein enrichment by solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger

This study is to assess the biotechnological potential of agro-industrial wastes of pineapple(Ananas comosus),sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)and watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)for protein enrichment by solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger.Spore suspensions of A.niger were prepared with potato dextrose broth that had been supplemented with sodium chloride,ammonium nitrate and thiamine,and adjusted to pH of 5.Initial protein contents of sterile and non-sterile wastes of the pineapple,sweet potato,and watermelon were determined by the Kjeldahl method.The remaining sterile and non-sterile wastes was inoculated with spore suspensions of A.niger and incubated at temperature of 24℃ under conditions of solid-state fermentation for 14 days.Protein contents of the inoculated sterile and non-sterile wastes were determined after 7 and 14 days.The sterile wastes of pineapple,sweet potato and watermelon recorded initial percentage protein contents of 4.37,4.39,and 10.89,respectively,whereas their corresponding non-sterile wastes recorded initial percentage protein contents of 3.76,4.00,and 10.16,respectively.The results further show that percentage increase in protein content of sterile wastes after 14 days of fermentation were pineapple,35.01%;sweet potato,27.60%;and watermelon,64.40%.Percentage increase in protein content of non-sterile wastes after 14 days of fermentation were pineapple,72.34%;sweet potato,85.25%;and watermelon,80.51%.These findings affirm the biotechnological potential of pineapple,sweet potato and watermelon wastes and the importance of fungi as agents for protein enrichment of agro-industrial wastes.

Rice straw recycling: A sustainable approach for ensuring environmental quality and economic security

One of the major challenges in Asian countries is the effective management of rice straw.To ensure food security for their ever-growing population,Asian countries grow more rice,leading to increasing rice straw generation.Burning of rice straw,a common practice,is detrimental to both environmental and human health.However,if managed effectively,rice straw has the potential to safeguard the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems and to uplift the economic security of the population depending on rice farming.Judicious management of rice straw involving minimum soil disturbance along with retention of residues alters the soil carbon cycle through reduced carbon emissions and increased levels of total soil organic carbon.Several alternative uses of rice straw,such as production of livestock feed,bioethanol,biochar,biogas,electricity,mushroom,and paper,can add prosperity to rice farmers’life by fetching extra income.It is evident that efficient management of rice straw is of enormous economic value.Therefore,it is essential to create awareness among the different rice stakeholders of these alternative economic avenues associated with rice straw.This review is an attempt to provide effective options for sustainable rice straw management and rice straw value chains for harnessing its economic potential.It further identifies gaps in our understanding of the effects of rice straw on ecological sustainability,particularly concerning the multifaceted connections between the diverse mechanisms of rice agro-ecosystems,which may greatly influence food security in the 21st century.