Systematic analysis of corporate environmental responsibility:elements,structure,function,and principles

Corporate Environmental Responsibility(CER) is the subsystem of Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR),which continues to increase prominence in the global economy.Nowadays,CER becomes more important in corporate sustainable development.Based on Carroll's pyramid mode of CSR,this article explores the systematic feature of CER.From a systematic perspective,it sorts out its elements,structure,function,and principles of CER.And the four levels of economic,legal,ethical,and charitable structure are emphasized.With these considerations interpreted into practice,success will be achieved in potential cost savings,technological innovation,increased public acceptance,and better relations with governments.

Reflection and operationalization of the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities principle in the transparency framework under the international climate change regime

“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.

FORMULATION OF A SEMI-ANALYTICAL APPROACH BASEDON GURTIN VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE FOR DYNAMICRESPONSE OF GENERAL THIN PLATES

4 semi-analytical approach for the dynamic response of general thin plates whichemployes finite element discretization in space domain and a series of representation intime demain is developed on the basis of Curtin variational principles.The formulationof time series is also investigated so that the dynamic response of plates with arbitraryshape and boundary constraints can be achieved with adequate accuracy.

Application of the generalized quasi-complementary energy principle to the fluid-solid coupling problem

The fluid-solid coupling theory, an interdisciplinary science between hydrodynamics and solid mechanics, is an important tool for response analysis and direct design of structures in naval architecture and ocean engineering. By applying the corresponding relations between generalized forces and generalized displacements, convolutions were performed between the basic equations of elasto-dynamics in the primary space and corresponding virtual quantities. The results were integrated and then added algebraically. In light of the fact that body forces and surface forces are both follower forces, the generalized quasi-complementary energy principle with two kinds of variables for an initial value problem is established in non-conservative systems. Using the generalized quasi-complementary energy principle to deal with the fluid-solid coupling problem and to analyze the dynamic response of structures, a method for using two kinds of variables simultaneously for calculation of force and displacement was derived.

First-principles calculation of the structural, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of sulfur-doping ε-GaSe crystal

The structural,electronic,mechanical properties,and frequency-dependent refractive indexes of GaSe1-xSx（x=0,0.25,and 1） are studied by using the first-principles pseudopotential method within density functional theory.The calculated results demonstrate the relationships between intralayer structure and elastic modulus in GaSe1-xSx（x=0,0.25,and 1）.Doping of ε-GaSe with S strengthens the Ga-X bonds and increases its elastic moduli of C（11） and C（66）.Born effective charge analysis provides an explanation for the modification of cleavage properties about the doping of e-GaSe with S.The calculated results of band gaps suggest that the distance between intralayer atom and substitution of S（Se）,rather than interlayer force,is a key factor influencing the electronic exciton energy of the layer semiconductor.The calculated refractive indexes indicate that the doping of ε-GaSe with S reduces its refractive index and increases its birefringence.

Stability and Hopf Bifurcation of a Virus Infection Model with a Delayed CTL Immune Response

In this paper, a virus infection model with standard incidence rate and delayed CTL immune response is investigated. By analyzing corresponding characteristic equations,the local stability of each of feasible equilibria and the existence of Hopf bifurcations at the CTL-activated infection equilibrium are established, respectively. By means of comparison arguments, it is verified that the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction ratio is less than unity. By using suitable Lyapunov functional and LaSalle's invariance principle, it is shown that the CTL-inactivated infection equilibrium of the system is globally asymptotically stable if the immune response reproduction ratio is less than unity and the basic reproduction ratio is greater than unity. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical result.

ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR REVISITED:DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ELASTIC-PLASTIC STRUCTURES

Based on the minimum principle of acceleration in the elastic-plastic continua under finite def ormation, the dynamic response of an elastic-perfectly plastic pin-ended beam subjected to rectangular impulse loading is studied with the help of a numerical approach. The calculated results once again show the anomalous behavior of the beam during its response process, which was previously found in [1]. By carefully analyzing the instantaneous distribution of the bending moment, the membrane force, the curvature and displacement during the response process, it is concluded that the interactive effect between the geometry and materials nonlinearities of the structure is the key reason for leading to the anomalous behavior. This will be helpful for clarifying some misunderstandings in explaining the problem before.

On the Differences of Compliment and its Response in English and Chinese

Compliment and its response is a special speech act which is broadly used in interpersonal communications. It is used to maintain and enhance the addressee’s face or support the addressee’s opinion. Compliments are rich in both English and Chinese. However, affected by cultural differences, social status, gender, age, etc., there are many differences of compliment and its response between English and Chinese. Therefore, this paper tries to compare and analyze these differences.

Study of Vertical Seismic Response of Concrete Self-Anchored Suspension Bridges

Based on the variational prineiple of incomplete generalized potential energy with large deflection, the vertical nonlinear vibrational differential equation of self-anchored suspension bridge is presented by taking the effect of coupling of flexural and axial action into consideration. The linear vertical equation is obtained by omitting the nonlinear term, and the pseudo excitation method(PEM). Taking the self-anchored concrete suspension bridge over Lanqi Songhua river for an example, the expected peak responses of main beam, towers and cables are calculated. And the seismic spatial effects on vertical seismic response of self-anchored suspension bridges are discussed.

多刺激响应型高强度复合材料柔性致动器研究进展

复合材料柔性致动器兼具灵活性、适应性和结构可设计性等特点,能够响应外界刺激而改变结构、形状和宏观性质,具有广阔的应用前景。本文总结了近几年复合材料柔性致动器在多刺激响应性与力学强度提高方面的研究进展,介绍了该类致动器的成型制备方法,分析了致动原理。从填料的维度出发,总结了各类填料在致动器响应速度、机械性能、多刺激响应能力方面的影响,总结了该类致动器在柔性机器人、微型医疗器械、精密传感器、折叠电子器件等方面的现状。最后,对多刺激响应型高强度复合材料致动器的发展前景进行展望,以期为设计制备具有新颖功能和更有挑战性的致动器提供借鉴和参考。

道德运气与道德评估

道德运气问题对我们的道德实践提出了一个挑战。一方面我们接受控制原则,根据这个原则,我们应当只对那些行为者可以控制的因素进行道德评估。另一方面,行为者不能控制的运气因素却总是影响着我们的道德评估。本文首先检验和批评对这一挑战的各种主要的回应,然后在此基础上提出用一种更准确的部分控制原则替代原来的完全控制原则。最后,我们展示这个新的原则可以被用来解答所有四种类型的道德运气问题。

基于需求响应的家庭负荷优化调度算法研究

为提升电力需求侧负荷需求响应能力,降低家庭用户的用电成本和电网日负荷曲线峰谷差,提出一种基于改进多目标粒子群算法的家庭负荷优化调度策略。首先,分析家庭负荷的运行特性并对其分类建模,采用功率平衡和储能充放电功率为约束,建立以用电成本和负荷峰值平均功率比为目标的负荷优化调度模型;其次,以自适应惯性权重和均值欧氏距离等策略对多目标粒子群算法进行改进,并用改进算法对建立的模型进行优化求解;最后,用实际算例进行仿真,验证所提模型和算法的可行性与有效性,为用户参与需求响应提供了多种参考方案。

既有框架结构的新型等效简化动力模型构建方法

为了实现对长期服役后的结构在地震、风等动荷载作用下安全性和舒适性的评估,利用监/检测数据建立一个能准确反映实际建筑在地震、风等动荷载作用下动力响应的结构动力学模型至关重要。本文针对非常普遍的框架建筑结构,提出了一种基于少量移动传感器的框架结构等效简化动力学模型构建方法。首先,提出建筑结构等效简化模型构建的层间剪力等效原理,证明了以该原理构建的简化模型具备准确模拟实际建筑结构动力响应的能力。其次,推导了框架结构简化模型形式,并研究了简化模型参数特点。然后,提出了一种框架结构简化模型参数的迭代识别方法,实现了仅使用少量无线移动传感器的简化模型参数识别。最后,通过一个12层3跨钢框架结构数值模拟算例,研究了在不预知结构刚度退化的具体形式和仅使用少量移动加速度传感器的条件下,由本文所提方法构建的等效简化模型对实际框架结构在不同水平动荷载作用下结构动力响应的预测能力。数值试验结果表明,等效简化模型能准确模拟不同荷载工况下框架结构加速度和位移响应。因此,本文提出的框架结构等效简化模型构建方法将在评估既有框架结构在风、地震等动荷载作用下的结构安全性和舒适性方面具有重要的应用前景。

旅行社无过错事由与关联制度的冲突及协调--以《旅游法》第67条为中心

《旅游法》第67条整合式立法暗藏归责事由与关联制度的冲突:不可归责于旅行社的事由作为组团社的免责事由与其承担严格责任相冲突;另作为旅游者的解除事由与免责事由则有违法秩序的一致性。为化解该体系冲突,应参考日本与我国台湾地区分解式立法,通过重新解释法律,就不可归责于旅行社的事由与关联制度作体系性协调:解构第70条的严格责任,确立旅行社过错责任为主、严格责任为辅的责任体系,从而化解第67条将通常事变作为旅行社免责事由与其承担严格责任的冲突;对“影响旅游行程的”进行目的性限缩,补充第67条适用的目的性要件,限制旅行社法定解除权的滥用;对第66条因旅游者原因的解除与责任做反面解释,可归责于旅游者的事件,旅游者不得免责与享有解除权,以限缩第67条“旅行社、履行辅助人已尽合理注意义务仍不能避免的事件”的范围。

风险预防原则下日本核污水排海的法律规制与规则构建

就日本福岛核污水排海的问题,当前学界试图通过解释现行国际公约规则的内容来认定日本的责任,存在一定的局限性。日本核污水排海贻害无穷,违反了风险预防原则,通过适用相关国际公约中规定的风险预防原则,能够认定日本违反国际义务、应当承担国际责任。但是,核污水排海风险的法律规制重点不仅在于事后的责任追究,更重要的是事前的预防和阻却。然而,当前国际公约中规定的风险预防原则的具体要求不够严格、全面,在预防和阻却上的效果不佳。国际社会应当以风险预防原则为基础,从风险评估、风险沟通、风险管理和风险救济4个方面构建更为严格的风险预防制度体系。中国应当秉承“海洋命运共同体”理念,从协商沟通、加强监督、科技进步等多个方面助力国际社会风险预防制度体系的建构与落实,以应对日本长期的核污水排海计划以及未来更多的核污水处置问题。

静动力边界转换及其合理性验证方法的研究

繁琐复杂的静动力边界转换处理是进行静动力耦合模拟的关键步骤,为了研究黏弹性边界条件下传统静动力边界转换的合理性及其验证方法的适用性,本文首先根据弹性叠加原理提出了一种验证静动力耦合模拟分析中静动力边界转换合理性的方法(参考解法);然后基于有限元软件ABAQUS,并结合自行研发的适用于成层介质的黏弹性边界施加和等效节点力计算程序VBEA2.0,对多土层自由场静动力耦合模型和土-地下结构静动力耦合模型进行了地震反应分析,对参考解法的适用性进行了探究;最后使用本文提出的参考解法,对一种典型的未进行合理静动力边界转换的自由场模型进行了分析,探讨了静动力边界转换产生振荡的原因和机理。研究结果表明:用于验证静动力边界转换合理性的参考解法,既适用于多土层自由场静动力耦合计算模型,又适用于土-结构相互作用的静动力耦合模型;静动力边界转换后产?生的振荡是静动力耦合计算模型静力不平衡所导致,一般是因为未合理施加边界反力或单元应力。

国际体育组织践行体育促进气候行动原则的动因、逻辑和进路——兼议我国体育应对气候变化的举措

全球变暖背景下,国际体育组织践行体育促进气候行动原则以应对气候变化挑战。以国际体育组织践行体育促进气候行动原则的动因为切入点,总结国际体育组织践行原则的行为逻辑,分析践行原则的现实挑战,提出完善进路,并讨论我国体育应对气候变化举措的完善。研究发现:国际体育组织采用软法在组织层面确立气候变化应对责任,通过规范碳足迹计算与分层处理机制的适用以最大限度减少对气候的负面影响,贯彻多元治理理念于气候行动教育、可持续和负责任消费以及倡导气候行动。研究认为:国际体育组织应对气候变化责任原则未明、实现机制弱化、责任规定有待完善、分层处理机制的适用有待规范;可从“自主贡献”责任原则的确立、气候影响评价制度的完善、责任明确的指引、生态保护意识的提升、践行体育促进气候行动原则核证制度的建立层面进行完善。基于国际体育组织对体育促进气候行动原则的践行经验,我国体育应对气候变化应加强宏观调控,“共生”气候变化应对系统,严格权责落实。

常见点缺陷对硅光电池响应特性的影响

研究了硅光电池中常见点缺陷对器件在激光辐照下的响应特性的影响。根据第一性原理建立了晶胞模型,比较了空位缺陷以及含Fe,Cu杂质状态下硅材料的态密度图,在此基础上分析了常见点缺陷对硅光电池响应特性的影响。由于半导体材料对温度敏感,当光电池受激光辐照而出现温度变化时,其光电响应输出特性会发生变化。从光伏器件的光生电动势原理出发,根据响应输出模型以及一维热传导方程,计算了1064nm激光辐照下,空位和金属杂质两种本征点缺陷对光电池响应特性的影响规律。结果表明:空位和金属杂质两种缺陷都能够改变硅材料的能带结构和响应特性。当激光辐照波长为1064nm,功率密度为4×10^(5) W/cm 2时,其中间隙原子为Fe时对材料的电子结构和光学性质的影响最大。此时材料吸收系数高达23952cm^(-1),且量子效率值最大,导致光电池响应最为强烈,输出电压最小。

菊苣苦味素提取工艺优化及其体外抗氧化活性分析

为充分利用菊苣资源,探究菊苣生产菊粉加工副产品中菊苣苦味素利用价值,本文在单因素实验的基础上,采用超声波结合响应面法对菊苣根苦味素进行提取与参数优化,以获得最佳提取参数,以液质分析对菊苣苦味素进行了成分分析,最后对菊苣苦味素的体外抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明:在乙醇浓度80%、超声温度35℃、超声时间24 min、超声功率450 W,液料比33:1 mL/g条件下,菊苣苦味素的得率为1.18%±0.015%。液质分析结果显示,菊苣苦味素主要含有7种化合物,分别为地胆草丁、秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素、绿原酸、莴苣酸、山莴苣素及山莴苣苦素。体外抗氧化活性实验结果表明,菊苣苦味素对DPPH·、ABTS^(+)·、羟自由基清除能力的半数清除浓度(IC_(50))分别为0.271、0.0734和0.130 mg/mL,且清除能力与浓度呈现浓度依赖性;菊苣苦味素浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,菊苣苦味素的总还原能力达到了1.108,研究为菊苣苦味素的利用提供了理论和实践基础。

职工基本医疗保险个人账户制度的法理困境与改革重构

从基本医疗保险法理视角释明个人账户基金权属及其运行机制,有助于破解个人账户制度改革之认知难题。个人账户基金“建筑”在职工基本医疗保险基金之上,属法定公共基金的一部分;个人账户制度是内嵌、贯通于职工基本医疗保险全流程的重要运行制度;参保人履行缴纳保险费义务,对个人账户享有门诊、购药等待遇给付请求权。个人账户制度的建立,在促进传统医疗保障制度向社会医疗保险制度“转型”中起到了一定的积极作用。但是,带有计划经济体制的负荷性,违背基本医疗保险的社会共同责任原则、现收现付财务运行规则是其根本缺陷。改革的治本之策在于,回归基本医疗保险法理,着眼于职工基本医疗保险制度的结构性优化,对个人账户制度进行体系化改革,将个人账户基金全部纳入统筹基金,打破个人账户与统筹账户割裂异质的运行机制,重塑统筹共济保障机制,重构参保人的权利义务内容,牵引基本医疗保险制度尽快定型和法治化。