MIL-100(V) derived porous vanadium oxide/carbon microspheres with oxygen defects and intercalated water molecules as high-performance cathode for aqueous zinc ion battery

The development of aqueous zinc ion battery cathode materials with high capacity and high magnification is still a challenge.Herein,porous vanadium oxide/carbon(p-VO_(x)@C,mainly VO_(2) with a small amount of V_(2)O_(3)) core/shell microspheres with oxygen vacancies are facilely fabricated by using a vanadium-based metal-organic framework(MIL-100(V)) as a sacrificial template.This unique structure can improve the conductivity of the VO_(x),accelerate electrolyte diffusion,and suppress structural collapse during circulation.Subsequently,H_(2)O molecules are introduced into the interlayer of VO_(x) through a highly efficient in-situ electrochemical activation process,facilitating the intercalation and diffusion of zinc ions.After the activation,an optimal sample exhibits a high specific capacity of 464.3 mA h g^(-1) at0.2 A g^(-1) and 395.2 mA h g^(-1) at 10 A g^(-1),indicating excellent rate performance.Moreover,the optimal sample maintains a capacity retention of about 89.3% after 2500 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).Density functional theory calculation demonstrates that the presence of oxygen vacancies and intercalated water molecules can significantly reduce the diffusion barrier for zinc ions.In addition,it is proved that the storage of zinc ions in the cathode is achieved by reversible intercalation/extraction during the charge and discharge process through various ex-situ analysis technologies.This work demonstrates that the p-VO_(x)@C has great potential for applications in aqueous ZIBs after electrochemical activation.

Synergism of preintercalated manganese ions and lattice water in vanadium oxide cathodes for high-capacity and long-life Zn-ion batteries

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)are recognized as a promising energy storage system with intrinsic safety and low cost,but its applications still rely on the design of high-capacity and stable-cycling cathode materials.In this work,we present an intercalation mechanism-based cathode materials for AZIB,i.e.the vanadium oxide with pre-intercalated manganese ions and lattice water(noted as MVOH).The synergistic effect between Mn^(2+)and lattice H_(2)O not only expands the interlayer spacing,but also significantly enhances the structural stability.Systematic in-situ and ex-situ characterizations clarify the Zn^(2+)/H^(+)co–(de)intercalation mechanism of MVOH in aqueous electrolyte.The demonstrated remarkable structure stability,excellent kinetic behaviors and ion-storage mechanism together enable the MVOH to demonstrate satisfactory specific capacity of 450 mA h g^(−1)at 0.2 A g^(−1),excellent rate performance of 288.8 mA h g^(−1)at 10 A g^(−1)and long cycle life over 20,000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1).This work provides a practical cathode material,and contributes to the understanding of the ion-intercalation mechanism and structural evolution of the vanadium-based cathode for AZIBs.

Electrospun carbon nanofiber-supported V_(2)O_(3) with enriched oxygen vacancies as a free-standing high-rate anode for an all-vanadium-based full battery

Synergistic regulation of hierarchical nanostructures and defect engineering is effective in accelerating electron and ion transport for metal oxide electrodes.Herein,carbon nanofiber-supported V_(2)O_(3) with enriched oxygen vacancies(OV-V_(2)O_(3)@CNF)was fabricated using the facile electrospinning method,followed by thermal reduction.Differing from the traditional particles embedded within carbon nanofibers or irregularly distributed between carbon nanofibers,the free-standing OV-V_(2)O_(3)@CNF allows for V_(2)O_(3) nanosheets to grow vertically on one-dimensional(1D)carbon nanofibers,enabling abundant active sites,shortened ion diffusion pathway,continuous electron transport,and robust structural stability.Meanwhile,density functional theory calculations confirmed that the oxygen vacancies can promote intrinsic electron conductivity and reduce ion diffusion energy barrier.Consequently,the OV-V_(2)O_(3)@CNF anode delivers a large reversible capacity of 812 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1),superior rate capability(405 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1)),and long cycle life(378 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1) after 1000 cycles).Moreover,an all-vanadium full battery(V2O5//OV-V_(2)O_(3)@CNF)was assembled using an OV-V_(2)O_(3)@CNF anode and a V2O5 cathode,which outputs a working voltage of 2.5 V with high energy density and power density,suggesting promising practical application.This work offers fresh perspectives on constructing hierarchical 1D nanofiber electrodes by combining defect engineering and electrospinning technology.

Bioleaching of vanadium from stone coal vanadium ore by Bacillus mucilaginosus:Influencing factors and mechanism

Vanadium and its derivatives are used in various industries,including steel,metallurgy,pharmaceuticals,and aerospace engineering.Although China has massive reserves of stone coal resources,these resources have low grades.Therefore,the effective extraction and recovery of metallic vanadium from stone coal is an important way to realize the efficient resource utilization of stone coal vanadium ore.Herein,Bacillus mucilaginosus was selected as the leaching strain.The vanadium leaching rate reached 35.5%after 20 d of bioleaching under optimal operating conditions.The cumulative vanadium leaching rate in the contact group reached 35.5%,which was higher than that in the noncontact group(9.3%).The metabolites of B.mucilaginosus,such as oxalic,tartaric,citric,and malic acids,dominated in bioleaching,accounting for 73.8%of the vanadium leaching rate.Interestingly,during leaching,the presence of stone coal stimulated the expression of carbonic anhydrase in bacterial cells,and enzyme activity increased by 1.335-1.905 U.Enzyme activity positively promoted the production of metabolite organic acids,and total organic acid content increased by 39.31 mg·L^(-1),resulting in a reduction of 2.51 in the pH of the leaching system with stone coal.This effect favored the leaching of vanadium from stone coal.Atomic force microscopy illustrated that bacterial leaching exacerbated corrosion on the surface of stone coal beyond 10 nm.Our study provides a clear and promising strategy for exploring the bioleaching mechanism from the perspective of microbial enzyme activity and metabolites.

Multiple-dimensioned defect engineering for graphite felt electrode of vanadium redox flow battery

The scarcity of wettability,insufficient active sites,and low surface area of graphite felt(GF)have long been suppressing the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs).Herein,an ultra-homogeneous multipledimensioned defect,including nano-scale etching and atomic-scale N,O codoping,was used to modify GF by the molten salt system.NH_(4)Cl and KClO_(3) were added simultaneously to the system to obtain porous N/O co-doped electrode(GF/ON),where KClO_(3) was used to ultra-homogeneously etch,and O-functionalize electrode,and NH4Cl was used as N dopant,respectively.GF/ON presents better electrochemical catalysis for VO_(2)+/VO_(2)+ and V3+/V2+ reactions than only O-functionalized electrodes(GF/O)and GF.The enhanced electrochemical properties are attributed to an increase in active sites,surface area,and wettability,as well as the synergistic effect of N and O,which is also supported by the density functional theory calculations.Further,the cell using GF/ON shows higher discharge capacity,energy efficiency,and stability for cycling performance than the pristine cell at 140 mA cm^(−2) for 200 cycles.Moreover,the energy efficiency of the modified cell is increased by 9.7% from 55.2% for the pristine cell at 260 mA cm^(−2).Such an ultra-homogeneous etching with N and O co-doping through“boiling”molten salt medium provides an effective and practical application potential way to prepare superior electrodes for VRFB.

Unraveling high efficiency multi-step sodium storage and bidirectional redox kinetics synergy mechanism of cobalt-doping vanadium disulfide anode

Sodium-based storage devices based on conversion-type metal sulfide anodes have attracted great atten-tion due to their multivalent ion redox reaction ability.However,they also suffer from sodium polysul-fides(NaPSs)shuttling problems during the sluggish Na^(+) redox process,leading to"voltage failure"and rapid capacity decay.Herein,a metal cobalt-doping vanadium disulfide(Co-VS_(2))is proposed to simulta-neously accelerate the electrochemical reaction of VS_(2) and enhance the bidirectional redox of soluble NaPSs.It is found that the strong adsorption of NaPSs by V-Co alloy nanoparticles formed in situ during the conversion reaction of Co-VS_(2) can effectively inhibit the dissolution and shuttle of NaPSs,and ther-modynamically reduce the formation energy barrier of the reaction path to effectively drive the complete conversion reaction,while the metal transition of Co elements enhances reconversion kinetics to achieve high reversibility.Moreover,Co-VS_(2) also produce abundant sulfur vacancies and unsaturated sulfur edge defects,significantly improve ionic/electron diffusion kinetics.Therefore,the Co-VS_(2) anode exhibits ultrahigh rate capability(562 mA h g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1)),high initial coulombic efficiency(~90%)and 12,000 ultralong cycle life with capacity retention of 90%in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),as well as impressive energy/power density(118 Wh kg^(-1)/31,250 W kg^(-1))and over 10.000 stable cycles in sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SIHCs).Moreover,the pouch cell-type SIHC displays a high-energy density of 102 Wh kg^(-1) and exceed 600 stable cycles.This work deepens the understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanism of conversion-type metal sulfide anodes and provides a valuable solution to the shuttlingofNaPSs inSIBsandSIHCs.

Vanadium oxide nanospheres encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers with morphology and defect dual-engineering toward advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Vanadium-based electrodes are regarded as attractive cathode materials in aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)caused by their high capacity and unique layered structure.However,it is extremely challenging to acquire high electrochemical performance owing to the limited electronic conductivity,sluggish ion kinetics,and severe volume expansion during the insertion/extraction process of Zn^(2+).Herein,a series of V_(2)O_(3)nanospheres embedded N-doped carbon nanofiber structures with various V_(2)O_(3)spherical morphologies(solid,core-shell,hollow)have been designed for the first time by an electrospinning technique followed thermal treatments.The N-doped carbon nanofibers not only improve the electrical conductivity and the structural stability,but also provides encapsulating shells to prevent the vanadium dissolution and aggregation of V_(2)O_(3)particles.Furthermore,the varied morphological structures of V_(2)O_(3)with abundant oxygen vacancies can alleviate the volume change and increase the Zn^(2+)pathway.Besides,the phase transition between V_(2)O_(3)and Zn_XV_(2)O_(5-m)·n H_(2)O in the cycling was also certified.As a result,the as-obtained composite delivers excellent long-term cycle stability and enhanced rate performance for coin cells,which is also confirmed through density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Even assembled into flexible ZIBs,the sample still exhibits superior electrochemical performance,which may afford new design concept for flexible cathode materials of ZIBs.

Graphene-loaded nickel−vanadium bimetal oxides as hydrogen pumps to boost solid-state hydrogen storage kinetic performance of magnesium hydride

To modify the thermodynamics and kinetic performance of magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))for solid-state hydrogen storage,Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO(rGO represents reduced graphene oxide)and Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal and subsequent heat treatment.The beginning hydrogen desorption temperature of 7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO modified MgH_(2)was reduced to 208℃,while the additive-free MgH_(2)and 7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)doped MgH_(2)appeared to discharge hydrogen at 340 and 226℃,respectively.A charging capacity of about 4.7 wt.%H_(2)for MgH_(2)+7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO was achieved at 125℃ in 10 min,while the dehydrogenated MgH_(2)took 60 min to absorb only 4.6 wt.%H_(2)at 215℃.The microstructure analysis confirmed that the in-situ generated Mg_(2)Ni/Mg_(2)N_(i)H_(4) and metallic V contributed significantly to the enhanced performance of MgH_(2).In addition,the presence of rGO in the MgH_(2)+7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO composite reduced particle aggregation tendency of Mg/MgH_(2),leading to improving the cyclic stability of MgH_(2)during 20 cycles.

Revealing the role of calcium ion intercalation of hydrated vanadium oxides for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Exploring suitable high-capacity V_(2)O_(5)-based cathode materials is essential for the rapid advancement of aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs).However,the typical problem of slow Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics has severely limited the feasibility of such materials.In this work,unique hydrated vanadates(CaVO,BaVO)were obtained by intercalation of Ca^(2+)or Ba^(2+)into hydrated vanadium pentoxide.In the CaVO//Zn and BaVO//Zn batteries systems,the former delivered up to a 489.8 mAh g^(-1)discharge specific capacity at 0.1 A g^(-1).Moreover,the remarkable energy density of 370.07 Wh kg^(-1)and favorable cycling stability yard outperform BaVO,pure V_(2)O_(5),and many reported cathodes of similar ionic intercalation compounds.In addition,pseudocapacitance analysis,galvanostatic intermittent titration(GITT)tests,and Trasatti analysis revealed the high capacitance contribution and Zn^(2+)diffusion coefficient of CaVO,while an in-depth investigation based on EIS elucidated the reasons for the better electrochemical performance of CaVO.Notably,ex-situ XRD,XPS,and TEM tests further demonstrated the Zn^(2+)insertion/extraction and Zn-storage mechanism that occurred during the cycle in the CaVO//Zn battery system.This work provides new insights into the intercalation of similar divalent cations in vanadium oxides and offers new solutions for designing cathodes for high-capacity aqueous ZIBs.

Insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray imaging study

The parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the negative half-cell of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)causes severe efficiency losses.Thus,a deeper understanding of this process and the accompanying bubble formation is crucial.This benchmarking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first time using deep learning-based image segmentation of synchrotron X-ray micro-tomograms.Each large three-dimensional data set was processed precisely in less than one minute while minimizing human errors and pointing out areas of increased HER activity in VRFBs.The study systematically varies the electrode potential and material,concluding that more negative electrode potentials of-200 m V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)and lower cause more substantial bubble formation,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–20%in carbon felt electrodes.Contrarily,the bubble fractions stay only around 2%in an electrode combining carbon felt and carbon paper.The detected areas with high HER activity,such as the border subregion with more than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larger electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio might reduce HER-related performance losses.The described combination of electrochemical measurements,local X-ray microtomography,AI-based segmentation,and 3D morphometric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dimensional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad community working on bubble-generating electrochemical systems.

Weakly Polarized Organic Cation-Modified Hydrated Vanadium Oxides for High-Energy Efficiency Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Vanadium oxides,par-ticularly hydrated forms like V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O(VOH),stand out as promising cathode candidates for aqueous zinc ion batteries due to their adjustable layered structure,unique electronic characteristics,and high theoretical capacities.However,challenges such as vanadium dissolution,sluggish Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics,and low operating voltage still hinder their direct application.In this study,we present a novel vanadium oxide([C_(6)H_(6)N(CH_(3))_(3)]_(1.08)V_(8)O_(20)·0.06H_(2)O,TMPA-VOH),developed by pre-inserting trimethylphenylammonium(TMPA+)cations into VOH.The incorporation of weakly polarized organic cations capitalizes on both ionic pre-intercalation and molecular pre-intercalation effects,resulting in a phase and morphology transition,an expansion of the interlayer distance,extrusion of weakly bonded interlayer water,and a substantial increase in V^(4+)content.These modifications synergistically reduce the electrostatic interactions between Zn^(2+)and the V-O lattice,enhancing structural stability and reaction kinetics during cycling.As a result,TMPA-VOH achieves an elevated open circuit voltage and operation voltage,exhibits a large specific capacity(451 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1))coupled with high energy efficiency(89%),the significantly-reduced battery polarization,and outstanding rate capability and cycling stability.The concept introduced in this study holds great promise for the development of high-performance oxide-based energy storage materials.

基于YOLO v8n-seg和改进Strongsort的多目标小鼠跟踪方法

多目标小鼠跟踪是小鼠行为分析的基本任务,是研究社交行为的重要方法。针对传统小鼠跟踪方法存在只能跟踪单只小鼠以及对多目标小鼠跟踪需要对小鼠进行标记从而影响小鼠行为等问题,提出了一种基于实例分割网络YOLO v8n-seg和改进Strongsort相结合的多目标小鼠无标记跟踪方法。使用RGB摄像头采集多目标小鼠的日常行为视频,标注小鼠身体部位分割数据集,对数据集进行增强后训练YOLO v8n-seg实例分割网络,经过测试,模型精确率为97.7%,召回率为98.2%,mAP50为99.2%,单幅图像检测时间为3.5 ms,实现了对小鼠身体部位准确且快速地分割,可以满足Strongsort多目标跟踪算法的检测要求。针对Strongsort算法在多目标小鼠跟踪中存在的跟踪错误问题,对Strongsort做了两点改进:对匹配流程进行改进,将未匹配上目标的轨迹和未匹配上轨迹的目标按欧氏距离进行再次匹配;对卡尔曼滤波进行改进,将卡尔曼滤波中表示小鼠位置和运动状态的小鼠身体轮廓外接矩形框替换为以小鼠身体轮廓质心为中心、对角线为小鼠体宽的正方形框。经测试,改进后Strongsort算法的ID跳变数为14,MOTA为97.698%,IDF1为85.435%,MOTP为75.858%,与原Strongsort相比,ID跳变数减少88%,MOTA提升3.266个百分点,IDF1提升27.778个百分点,与Deepsort、ByteTrack和Ocsort相比,在MOTA和IDF1上均有显著提升,且ID跳变数大幅降低,结果表明改进Strongsort算法可以提高多目标无标记小鼠跟踪的稳定性和准确性,为小鼠社交行为分析提供了一种新的技术途径。

基于改进COF-YOLO v8n的油茶果静态与动态检测计数方法

针对自然环境下油茶果存在严重遮挡、近景色、小目标等现象,使用YOLO网络存在检测精度低、漏检现象严重等问题,提出对YOLO v8n网络进行改进。首先使用MPDIOU作为YOLO v8n的损失函数,有效解决因为果实重叠导致的漏检问题;其次调整网络,向其中加入小目标检测层,使网络能够关注小目标油茶以及被树叶遮挡的油茶;最后使用SCConv作为特征提取网络,既能兼顾检测精度又能兼顾检测速度。改进COF-YOLO v8n网络精确率、召回率、平均精度均值分别达到97.7%、97%、99%,比未改进的YOLO v8n分别提高3.2、4.8、2.4个百分点,其中严重遮挡情况下油茶检测精确率、召回率、平均精度均值分别达到95.9%、95%、98.5%,分别比YOLO v8n提高4.0、9.1、4.6个百分点。因此改进后COF-YOLO v8n网络能够明显提高油茶在严重遮挡、近景色、小目标均存在情况下的识别精度,减小油茶的漏检。此外,模型能够实现动、静态输入条件下油茶果计数。动态计数借鉴DeepSORT算法的多目标跟踪思想,将改进后COF-YOLO v8n的识别输出作为DeepSORT的输入,实现油茶果实的追踪计数。所得改进模型具有很好的鲁棒性,且模型简单可以嵌入到边缘设备中,不仅可用于指导自动化采收,还可用于果园产量估计,为果园物流分配提供可靠借鉴。

基于CRV-YOLO的苹果中心花和边花识别方法

苹果树疏花是果园生产管理中的重要环节。准确高效地识别苹果中心花和边花,是研发智能疏花机器人的前提。针对苹果疏花作业中的实际需求,提出了一种基于CRV-YOLO的苹果中心花和边花识别方法。本文基于YOLO v5s模型进行了如下改进:将C-CoTCSP结构融入Backbone,更好地学习上下文信息并提高了模型特征提取能力,提高了模型对外形相似和位置关系不明显的中心花和边花的检测性能。在Backbone中添加改进RFB结构,扩大特征提取感受野并对分支贡献度进行加权,更好地利用了不同尺度特征。采用VariFocal Loss损失函数,提高了模型对遮挡等场景下难识别样本检测能力。在3个品种1837幅图像数据集上进行了实验,结果表明,CRV-YOLO的精确率、召回率和平均精度均值分别为95.6%、92.9%和96.9%,与原模型相比,分别提高3.7、4.3、3.9个百分点,模型受光照变化和苹果品种影响较小。与Faster R-CNN、SSD、YOLOX、YOLO v7模型相比,CRV-YOLO的精确率、平均精度均值、模型内存占用量和复杂度性能最优,召回率接近最优。研究成果可为苹果智能疏花提供技术支持。

柑橘木虱YOLO v8-MC识别算法与虫情远程监测系统研究

柑橘木虱是黄龙病的主要传播媒介,其发生与活动可对柑橘果园造成毁灭性后果。为实现木虱虫情的高效监测,设计了一种集诱捕拍照、耗材更新、害虫识别与结果展示于一体的智能监测系统。设计了具备诱虫胶带自动更新、虫情图像实时获取功能的诱捕监测装置;应用选点裁剪、Mosaic数据增强(Mosaic data augmentation,MDA)和CA(Coordinate attention)注意力机制,改进了YOLO v8木虱识别模型;开发了Web和手机APP客户端,可实现虫情数据的可视化展示与远程控制。模型测试阶段,改进后的YOLO v8-MC召回率、F1值及精确率分别达到91.20%、91%、90.60%,较基准模型分别提升5.47、5、4.64个百分点;迁移试验中,模型召回率、F1值及精确率分别达到88.64%、87%、84.78%,且系统工作状态良好,满足野外使用需求。开发的智能监测系统能有效实现果园木虱虫情的远程监测,可为此类虫害防治管理提供有效手段。

低肋与V形肋复合结构在双通道中的强化换热数值研究

随着燃气轮机内涡轮入口温度的升高,燃气轮机会出现热障问题,为保证燃气轮机安全运行,复合结构能够有效提高通道的冷却性能来解决此问题。采用SST k-ω湍流模型对带有低肋与V肋复合结构双通道的流动与传热特性进行了数值模拟,将圆形肋复合结构、扇叶形肋复合结构和葫芦形肋复合结构与纯V形肋在雷诺数为10 000~60 000时的传热性能进行比较,探索出综合换热效果最佳的复合结构。发现相比于纯V形肋通道,复合结构双通道的综合传热性能均得到提升,其中葫芦形肋与V形肋组成的复合结构的综合换热效果最好。葫芦肋复合结构的Nu相比于纯V形肋提高了4.33%~6.6%,f提高了0.04%~4.48%,η最佳值达到了2.13。葫芦形肋复合结构的η比45°斜方形肋和45°斜花形肋分别增大了25.51%~32.98%和4.73%~10.51%,同时,低肋与V形肋组成的复合结构综合换热性能要优于凹坑与V形肋组成的复合结构。葫芦肋复合结构有效增强通道的换热效果且压力损失增长较小,可显著提升涡轮内部冷却通道的综合换热性能。

基于改进YOLO v5的复杂环境下桑树枝干识别定位方法

为实现复杂自然环境下对桑树嫩叶处枝干的识别检测,改变当前桑叶采摘设备作业过程中依赖人工辅助定位的现状,解决识别目标姿态多样和环境复杂导致的低识别率问题,提出一种基于改进YOLO v5模型的桑树枝干识别模型(YOLO v5-mulberry),并结合深度相机构建定位系统。首先,在YOLO v5的骨干网络中加入CBAM(Convolutional block attention module)注意力机制,提高神经网络对桑树枝干的关注度;并增加小目标层使模型可检测4像素×4像素的目标,提高了模型检测小目标的性能;同时使用GIoU损失函数替换原始网络中的IoU损失函数,有效防止了预测框和真实框尺寸较小时无法正确反映预测框及真实框之间位置关系的情况;随后,完成深度图和彩色图的像素对齐,通过坐标系转换获取桑树枝干三维坐标。试验结果表明:YOLO v5-mulberry检测模型的平均精度均值为94.2%,较原模型提高16.9个百分点,置信度也提高12.1%;模型室外检测时应检测目标数53,实际检测目标数为48,检测率为90.57%;桑树嫩叶处枝干三维坐标识别定位系统的定位误差为(9.4985 mm,11.285 mm,19.11 mm),满足使用要求。该研究可实现桑树嫩叶处枝干的识别与定位,有助于推动桑叶智能化采摘机器人研究。

鼠疫耶尔森菌低钙应答V抗原人源单克隆抗体筛选与鉴定

目的筛选抗低钙应答V抗原(LcrV)的人源单克隆抗体,分析抗体基因特点,检测抗体与抗原结合的特异性、亲和力及功能。方法使用PCR方法从鼠疫疫苗临床试验志愿者外周血细胞cDNA扩增抗体轻、重链可变区基因片段,构建ScFv噬菌体抗体文库。用LcrV对文库进行富集筛选,将获得的抗体基因表达成人IgG1后,测定抗体与LcrV抗原结合的特异性、亲和力、免疫调节功能以及保护能力。结果成功构建了鼠疫耶尔森菌人源ScFv抗体文库,库容量为7.54×10^(8)。抗体文库经LcrV筛选后获得了3株抗LcrV抗体,命名为RV-B4、RV-D1和RV-E8。3株抗体重链为VH1-46和VH3-30,轻链分别为VL1-51、VK3-20和VK1-39。3株抗体经ELISA及Western blot验证均与LcrV特异性结合,其与V抗原结合的解离常数(KD)分别为2.1 nmol/L、1.24 nmol/L和42 nmol/L。RV-D1体外降低人THP-1分泌TNF-α,动物攻毒试验中未发现抗LcrV抗体的保护效果。结论从鼠疫疫苗免疫人群获得了靶向低钙应答V抗原的人源抗体,以结合抗体为主,不能有效阻断病菌感染。所获得的单抗为鼠疫免疫基础研究、鼠疫诊断应用提供了候选材料。

V型折叠颏下皮瓣修复口腔缺损的临床应用

目的:口腔中小型缺损修复一直是一个难题,游离皮瓣和远位带蒂组织瓣难以满足临床需求,传统颏下皮瓣存在供区损伤风险。本研究旨在探讨V型折叠颏下皮瓣修复口腔中小型缺损的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2019年3月至2022年12月中南大学湘雅三医院口腔科收治的28例口腔黏膜病变患者的临床资料。根据颏下皮瓣手术方式的不同将患者分为V型折叠组(17例)和传统组(11例),V型折叠组采用V型折叠颏下皮瓣进行术后软组织修复,传统组采用传统颏下皮瓣进行修复,患者术后随访6~48个月。比较2组皮瓣存活情况、皮瓣修复时间以及皮瓣修复效果。结果:2组皮瓣存活率、皮瓣大小、制瓣时间、修复手术时间和术后住院时间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术后6个月,V型折叠组无抬头困难和下唇外翻,无皮肤“猫耳”畸形,疤痕隐藏于下颌骨下缘处,创面美观度、功能评分均明显高于传统组(均P<0.05)。结论:V型折叠颏下皮瓣具有设计灵活、制备简单、血供可靠、保护供区等优点,可以有效维持颏部美观和避免功能障碍。

V区温度及螺杆转速对挤压膨化牛肉制品理化性质的影响

利用挤压膨化技术加工高粱-山药-牛肉混合物料,以水溶性、吸水性、色差值、粒度、质构、膨化度、糊化度及红外光谱各基团峰值为指标,分析V区温度和螺杆转速对挤压膨化产品理化性质的影响。结果表明,提高V区温度能够提高产品的红度值、黄度值、硬度、脆度和咀嚼度,吸水性、水溶性、粒度、膨化度、糊化度及红外光谱各基团峰值呈先上升后下降的趋势,亮度值显著下降(P<0.05);同时,随着螺杆转速的提升,产品的红度值、黄度值和糊化度显著下降(P<0.05),吸水性、水溶性、粒度和膨化度呈先上升后下降的趋势,硬度、脆度、咀嚼度及红外光谱各基团峰值先下降后上升,亮度值显著下降(P<0.05)。综合理化指标确定V区温度最佳值为150℃,螺杆转速最佳值为160 r/min。