Influence of Coke Content on Sintering Process of Chromium-containing Vanadium-titanium Magnetite

The sintering of chromium-containing vanadium-titanium magnetite using different coke contents was studied through the sintering pot tests, X-ray diffraction analysis and mineralogical phase analysis. Results showed that, as the coke content increased from 3.2% to 4.4%, the liquid phase and combustion zone thickness increased while the vertical sintering rate and ratio of sintered product decreased. In addition, the combustion ratio of exhaust gas also increased with increasing the coke content, indicating that combustion zone temperature also increased, and the excessive the coke content in the sintering process of vanadiumtitanium magnetite is harmful. As the coke content increased, the magnetite, silicates, and perovskite contents of the sintered ore increased while the contents of hematite and calcium ferrite of sintered ore decreased; drum strength decreased, and reduction degradation properties increased while reduction ability decreased. We found that the appropriate coke content for the sintering process is 3.6 wt%.

Sintering behaviors and consolidation mechanism of high-chromium vanadium and titanium magnetite fines

To achieve high efficiency utilization of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite （V-Ti-Cr） fines, an investigation of V Ti42r fines was conducted using a sinter pot. The chemical composition, particle parameters, and granulation of V-Ti-Cr mixtures were analyzed, and the effects of sintering parameters on the sintering behaviors were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum quicklime dosage, mixture moisture, wetting time, and granulation time for V-Ti-Cr fines are 5wt%, 7.5wt%, 10 min, and 5-8 min, respectively. Meanwhile, the vertical sintering speed, yield, tumbler strength, and productivity gains were shown to be 21.28 mm/min, 60.50wt% , 58.26wt%, and 1.36 t·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. Furthermore, the consolidation mechanism of V-Ti-Cr fines was clarified, revealing that the consolidation of a V-Ti-Cr sinter requires an approximately 14vo1% calcium ferrite liquid-state, an approximately 15vo1% silicate liq- uid-state, a solid-state reaction, and the recrystallization of magnetite. Compared to an ordinary sinter, calcium ferrite content in a V-Ti-Cr sinter is lower, while the perovskite content is higher, possibly resulting in unsatisfactory sinter outcomes.

Effect of diboron trioxide on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite pellets

The effect of diboron trioxide(B_2O_3) on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite pellets was investigated in this work. The main characterization methods were X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy, mercury injection porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, metallographic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the crushing strength increased greatly with increasing B_2O_3 content and that the increase in crushing strength was strongly correlated with a decrease in porosity, the formation of liquid phases, and the growth and recrystallization consolidation of hematite crystalline grains. The smelting properties were measured under simulated blast furnace conditions; the results showed that the smelting properties within a certain B_2O_3 content range were improved and optimized except in the softening stage. The valuable element B was easily transformed to the slag, and this phenomenon became increasingly evident with increasing B_2O_3 content. The formation of Ti(C,N) was mostly avoided, and the slag and melted iron were separated well during smelting with the addition of B_2O_3. The size increase of the melted iron was consistent with the gradual optimization of the dripping characteristics with increasing B_2O_3 content.

STUDY OF SMELTING REDUCTION RATE FOR VANADIUM TITANIUM MAGNETITE

A comparative study was made of the reduction kinetics for high temperature smelting of vadium-titanium-containing magnetite,together with Hainan iron ore,using iron bath method.Three peaks were revealed on the reduction rate curves for the magnetite,while one peak only for Hainan ore.Under the same conditions,the smelting reduction rate of the magnetite was found to be lower than that of Hainan ore.The rate increases evidently with the increase of the bath volume.The expressions of smelting reduction rate were suggested for the reduction with and without iron bath respectively.

Effect of purification pretreatment on the recovery of magnetite from waste ferrous sulfate

The present study was conducted to elucidate the influence of impurities in waste ferrous sulfate on its recovery of magnetite. Ferrous sulfate solution was purified by the addition of Na OH solution to precipitate impurities, and magnetite was recovered from ferrous sulfate solution without and with purification pretreatment. Calcium hydroxide was added to the solution of ferrous sulfate as a precipitator. A mixed product of magnetite and gypsum was subsequently obtained by air oxidation and heating. Wet-milling was performed prior to magnetic separation to recover magnetite from the mixed products. The results show that with the purification pretreatment, the grade of iron in magnetite concentrate increased from 62.05% to 65.58% and the recovery rate of iron decreased from 85.35% to 80.35%. The purification pretreatment reduced the conglutination between magnetite and gypsum, which favors their subsequent magnetic separation. In summary, a higher-grade magnetite with a better crystallinity and a larger particle size of 2.35 μm was obtained with the purification pretreatment.

Optimization of BF Slag for High Cr_2O_3 Vanadium-titanium Magnetite

In order to clarify the slag system of high Cr2O3 vanadium-titanium magnetite smelting in BF （blast furnace）, the melting properties of slag samples prepared by analytically pure reagents were measured. By means of orthogonal test synthetic weighted score method, the optimal slag for high Cr2O3 vanadium-titanium magnetite was obtained, which contained 10% MgO, 8% TiO2 and 15% Al2O3, with the binary basicity being 1.15. In addition, the effects of basicity, MgO, TiO2 and A12 03 on slag melting properties were investigated by single factor test, and the results showed that, with increasing the basicity or TiO2 content, melting temperature （Tin） increased, whereas initial vis- cosity （r/0） and high temperature viscosity （r/h） decreased. With increasing the MgO content, Tm decreased firstly and then increased. With increasing the Al2 O3 content, Tm increased, and η0 and r/h decreased firstly and then increased.

Oxidation Kinetics,Structural Changes and Element Migration during Oxidation Process of Vanadium-titanium Magnetite Ore

The oxidation kinetics, structural changes, and elements migration during the oxidation process of the va- nadium-titanium magnetite （VTM） ore were analyzed. Kinetics analysis indicated that the oxidation process was con- trolled by diffusion control and could be divided into interface diffusion and lattice diffusion with apparent activation energy of 99.69 kJ/mol and 144.08 kJ/mol in the range of 800--1000℃, respectively. The surface structure changed with the oxidization temperature as follows： dense surface→nano sized sheets→submicron particles→molten particles. The compact structure changed into porous one because of the elements migration and enrichment. Both Fe and Ti elements migrated in the opposite direction during the oxidation process. The V etement in the raw ore stably existed in the form of V^5＋ state, some vanadium migrated and occupied the tetrahedral sites of the hematite during the oxidation process.

Carbothermic Reduction Mechanism of Vanadium-titanium Magnetite

To achieve the high-efficiency utilization of vanadium-titanium magnetite（ VTM）,reduction experiments were conducted to determine the carbothermic reduction mechanism of VTM. Effects of volatile matter,temperature,time,and carbon ratio（ molar ratio of fixed carbon in coal to oxygen in iron oxides of VTM） on reduction degree were investigated.Results show that reduction degree increases with increasing volatile matter in coal,temperature,time,and carbon ratio.Phase transformation,microstructure,and reduction path were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and Fact Sage 6. 0. The thermoravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-quadrupole mass spectrometer method was used for kinetic analysis of the main reduction process. Results indicate that the kinetic mechanism follows the principle of random nucleation and growth（ n = 4）,and the activation energy values at 600-900 and 900-1 350 ℃ are 88. 7 and 295. 5 kJ / mol,respectively.

Applied Mineralogical Studies on Iranian Titanium Deposits

Qara-aghaj and Skandian as hard rock titanium deposit and Kahnooj one as a placer deposit were investigated from applied mineralogical point of view. The mineralogical studies were carried out using XRD, XRF, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. These studies indicated that ilmenite and magnetite are main valuable minerals in the studied ores. Pyroxene, olivine and plagioclase are the main gangue minerals in Qara-aghaj ore while chlorite and plagioclase are the major gangue minerals in Skandian ore. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene, amphibole, feldspate and some quartz are the important gangue minerals in kahnooj deposit. In all three ores ilmenite is mainly in the form of ilmenite grains but some lamellae of ilmenite with thickness between 0.1 to 20 μm have been occurred as exsolution textures inside magnetite grains, where the magnetite here can be referred to as ilmenomagnetite. In the hard rock ores some fine ilmenites have been disseminated in silicate minerals. The liberation degree of granular ilmenite was determined 150, 140 and 200 μm for Qara-aghaj, Skandian and Kahnooj, respectively. So, only the granular form of ilmenite is recoverable by physical methods. Some sphene and rutile as titanium containing minerals were observed mainly inside ilmenite phase in kahnooj ore. Some fine rutile was also found inside Skandian ilmenite while there were not any other titanium minerals inside Qara-aghaj ilmenite. Apatite is another valuable mineral which was found only in Qara-aghaj ore. Using SEM and microprobe analysis it was found that there are different amounts of exsolved fine lamellae of hematite inside ilmenite in Qara-aghaj and Kahnooj ores while it was not observed in Sckandian one. The average contents of TiO2 in the lattice of Qara-aghaj, Skandian and Kahnooj ilmenite were determined 51.13, 50.9% and 52.02%, respectively. FeO content of ilmenite lattice for all three samples is clearly lower than the theoretical content. This is due to the substitution of Mg and Mn for some Fe2+ ions in the ilmenite lattice. V2O3 content of magnetite lattice is up to 1%. So, magnetite can be a suitable source for production of vanadium as a by-product in all three deposits.

新疆巴楚小海子岩体铁钛成矿特征及资源利用前景

新疆巴楚小海子是近年来在塔里木大火成岩省探获的一个低品位-大吨位岩浆型钒钛磁铁矿床,其成岩成矿机制以及资源利用前景尚不清楚。文章针对小海子岩体2种含矿岩相橄榄辉长岩和橄榄辉石岩开展了地质地球化学研究。橄榄辉长岩相和橄榄辉石岩相虽然在空间上关系不明,但岩相学观察表明它们矿物组成的差异与矿物堆晶作用有关,且二者具有相似的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化和微量元素原始地幔标准化配分曲线,说明是同源岩浆演化的产物,橄榄石较低的Fo值(67.9~72.5)指示幔源母岩浆在深部岩浆房中发生了分异。小海子岩体和与相距约45 km的瓦吉里塔格相比,岩石组成和地球化学组成相似,表明为同源岩浆成因,但后者矿物组成变化范围更大,指示瓦吉里塔格岩体在形成过程中经历了更高程度的分离结晶作用,这可能是造成瓦吉里塔格岩体比小海子岩体的w(TiO_(2))更高的原因。小海子岩体虽然w(TiO_(2))较低(3%~4%),但铁钛氧化物固溶体分离结构不发育,且矿物颗粒粗大,使得铁和钛选矿解离比中国其他地区的钒钛磁铁矿更为容易,因此钛资源利用前景巨大,笔者建议出台地方性的勘查技术规范,为这类铁钛资源的开发利用提供技术标准。

常温常压下盐酸浸出分离钒钛磁铁精矿中有价金属的试验研究

攀西钒钛磁铁矿组成及矿物结构复杂,难以低成本、高效综合利用其中的有价元素。针对此问题,本文采用常温常压盐酸浸出的方法对该矿物进行了试验探索,考察了盐酸初始质量浓度、浸出液固比、浸出时间、浸出搅拌转速率等主要因素对Fe、TiO_(2)和V_(2)O_(5)浸出率的影响,并通过矿物结构分析了钒钛磁铁精矿中铁、钒、钛分离的机理,得到以下主要结论。盐酸常温常压浸出的较佳工艺条件为盐酸初始浓度20.5%、浸出液固比12:1、浸出时间3.5 h、浸出搅拌转速率600 r/min,该条件下Fe、V_(2)O_(5)和TiO_(2)浸出率分别为84.15%、80.80%、10.05%,浸渣中Fe、V_(2)O_(5)和TiO_(2)品位分别为26.78%、0.378%和32.58%,实现了钛资源的初步富集;盐酸优先溶解试样中钛磁铁矿矿物的主晶矿物磁铁矿,铁、钒优先进入浸出液,而客晶矿钛铁矿及独立钛铁矿被破坏程度极小,富集于浸渣中;该浸出方法不需要额外的加热和加压设备,具有成本低、能源消耗和设备投资较低、操作简便、环境友好的优势,但浸出指标有待提高,后续需要进一步探索催化剂对常温常压酸浸工艺的影响。

攀西某钒钛磁铁矿中钛的赋存状态研究

对攀西某钒钛磁铁矿化学组成、矿物种类及含量、含钛矿物能谱微区成分、矿石中TiO_(2)的平衡概算、含钛矿物产出形式、钛铁矿粒度及解离度等进行详细研究,查清了矿石难选的原因,综合分析了钛精矿的技术指标以及影响选钛效果的主要矿物学因素,可为开发利用攀西某矿产资源提供详细的科学依据。

中国钒钛磁铁矿资源概况及综合利用技术进展

钒钛磁铁矿是以铁、钒和钛为主金属的复合型矿产资源,通常伴生有铜、钴、磷、钪等多种有价组分,具有综合回收利用价值。在概述了中国钒钛磁铁矿资源特点的基础上,针对资源逐渐贫细杂化、综合利用水平较低的状况,着重就预选工艺、铁精矿提质降杂工艺、微细粒钛铁矿选别工艺、伴生资源回收利用工艺技术进展进行了总结,最后分析了目前钒钛磁铁矿选矿存在的工艺技术问题,并指出高效、清洁、可持续发展是未来钒钛磁铁矿选矿技术发展的大方向。

烧结熔剂对钒钛磁铁矿液相高温行为的影响

为了改善钒钛磁铁矿的烧结液相行为,采用微型烧结方法研究了不同熔剂对钒钛磁铁矿液相高温行为的影响.结果表明:从钒钛磁铁矿的液相高温行为考虑,白云石适合做低钛型钒钛矿的烧结熔剂,石灰石适合做低钛型或中钛型钒钛矿的烧结熔剂;与高钛型钒钛矿相匹配的熔剂为高活性的生石灰,菱镁石并不适合做钒钛矿的烧结熔剂.因此,优化钒钛磁铁矿的液相高温行为应根据矿石中的钛含量,调节烧结熔剂中石灰石和高活性生石灰的配比,以及不同性能石灰石和高活性生石灰的使用量.

钒钛磁铁矿剥离废石特性与综合利用实践

这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。钒钛磁铁矿铁矿采选过程中产生大量剥离废石,主要分为三类:剥离土物料、剥离岩石物料和表外矿。由于风化、雨淋等作用,废石中的有毒有害元素会对周围环境造成二次污染。废石资源的回收再利用大有裨益,能够提高资源利用率并有效减少土地占用和环境污染。因此,本文对三种剥离废石的特性进行了系统分析,并以此为依据,对其综合利用途径分别进行分析和总结。剥离土物料和剥离岩石物料可以根据其风化程度,作为尾矿坝筑坝材料、建筑砂石用料等,变废为宝;表外矿可以通过预选提高品位,进行回收利用。本文能够为钒钛磁铁矿剥离废石的进一步综合利用提供参考借鉴,从而大幅提高钒钛磁铁矿矿资源综合利用水平。

球团配加钒钛磁铁精矿试验研究

为充分利用哈密地区钒钛磁铁精矿,进行了配加钒钛磁铁精矿球团试验及球团矿冶金性能试验。试验结果表明:钒钛精矿球团生球爆裂温度均大于600℃,可满足竖炉生产要求;与普通精矿相比,钒钛磁铁精矿需要更高的焙烧温度,本次试验将焙烧温度提高了50℃左右,但球团矿抗压强度仍略偏低;成品球团矿还原膨胀率在8.19%~12.09%;成品球团矿900℃还原度在54.50%~63.20%。

钒钛铁尾矿制备绿色建筑材料的研究进展

钒钛磁铁矿是以铁、钒、钛为主的多金属元素共生的复合矿,在世界分布不均衡。中国是该矿石的主要产出国之一,该矿石分布在五个主要矿带。钒钛铁尾矿是钒钛磁铁矿选矿过程中产生的固体工业废弃物,是一种多金属伴生的铁尾矿。该尾矿在中国的堆存量巨大,富含很多有用化学组分,也被称为人工矿床。该尾矿以硅酸盐为主,主要化学成分是二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、氧化钙和氧化铁等,主要矿物是脉石矿物。国内外学者对其在绿色建筑材料综合利用方面做了很多有益探索,但总体来看,这些研究更多停留在实验室里。主要原因是(1)不同尾矿库甚至同一尾矿库的钒钛铁尾矿理化性能可能有较大差异,尾矿原料的稳定性不足;(2)受尾矿原料不稳定的理化性能影响,中试结果经常出现较大差异,难以实现规模化利用;(3)钒钛铁尾矿库大多地处偏僻,运输成本高,且缺乏高附加值的尾矿产品,规模以上企业因投入大产出小望而生畏。本文综述了钒钛铁尾矿在中国的地域分布和堆存量,重点研究了其化学组成、矿物组成、粒度分布和重金属浸出,分析了其作为主要原料在绿色建筑材料方面的研究进展,指出了存在问题并展望了发展前景。

基于钒钛磁铁矿尾矿的发泡陶瓷制备及性能研究

攀西地区铁尾矿的大量堆积严重污染了当地的生态环境。固废基发泡陶瓷吸波材料在解决铁尾矿堆积问题的基础上,推进了发泡陶瓷在吸波材料领域的应用。通过正交试验探索了烧结温度、保温时间和发泡剂掺量对发泡陶瓷物理性能的影响,并综合分析得出优选烧结方案:烧结温度为1190℃,保温时间为60 min,发泡剂掺量为质量分数0.3%。依照此方案制备的发泡陶瓷体积密度为0.23 g/cm^(3),体积吸水率为0.76%,抗压强度为0.73 MPa,导热系数为0.06 W/(m·K),孔隙率为89.89%。在正交试验制定的工艺基础上,探索了试样厚度对发泡陶瓷吸波性能的影响。研究结果表明:在烧结温度1170℃,吸波剂掺量为质量分数30%时,厚度为15 mm的发泡陶瓷吸波性能最优,在0.5~18 GHz的频率范围内反射损耗降低至-28.58 dB,显示出2.35 GHz的有效吸收带宽。该研究为钒钛磁铁矿尾矿的资源化利用和发泡陶瓷在吸波材料方面的运用提供了参考。

MgO含量对CaO-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)-Fe_(2)O_(3)渣系性能的影响

为了使钒钛磁铁矿资源得到最大化利用,以CaO-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)-Fe_(2)O_(3)六元渣系为研究对象,分别测定了熔渣的熔化温度、黏度、表面张力及密度等数据,并结合渣系物相组成,解析了熔渣性能与其成分之间的转变关系.结果显示,w(MgO)对熔渣性能影响较大.在高温条件下,当w(MgO)为11.08%时,熔渣的熔化温度和黏度较低,流动性很好,同时表面张力、密度适中,不易泡沫化;生成物相为适合酸浸提钛的MgTi2O5相.

氧气体积分数对钒钛磁铁矿球团氧化过程的影响

提高高炉球团配比有利于降低钢铁行业的污染物和碳排放,为了使钒钛磁铁矿球团在高炉中得到更好的应用,本文研究了氧气体积分数对钒钛球团氧化速率的影响,利用动力学模型分析了其氧化反应的控速环节,分析了钒钛球团氧化过程物相组成、矿相结构等演变规律。结果表明:富氧能促进钒钛磁铁矿球团的氧化,钒钛磁铁矿球团的氧化过程符合未反应核模型,氧化过程前期以界面化学反应控速为主,后期以内扩散控速为主,内扩散阻力大于界面化学反应时的氧化度随着氧气体积分数的增加而降低。钒钛磁铁矿球团的氧化伴随着Fe_(3)O_(4)→Fe_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(2.75)Ti_(0.25)O_(4)→Fe_(2)TiO_(4)/FeTiO_(3)→Fe_(9)TiO_(15)的物相转变过程,在预热氧化过程会出现赤铁矿连晶,致使矿物间的孔隙率降低,氧气内扩散的阻力增大,氧化反应的速率降低。