High-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite all-pellet integrated burden optimization and softening-melting behavior based on flux pellets

High-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite(HVTM)is a crucial polymetallic-associated resource to be developed.The allpellet operation is a blast furnace trend that aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the future.By referencing the production data of vanadium-titanium magnetite blast furnaces,this study explored the softening-melting behavior of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite and obtained the optimal integrated burden based on flux pellets.The results show that the burden with a composition of 70wt%flux pellets and 30wt%acid pellets exhibits the best softening-melting properties.In comparison to that of the single burden,the softening-melting characteristic temperature of this burden composition was higher.The melting interval first increased from 307 to 362℃and then decreased to 282℃.The maximum pressure drop(ΔPmax)decreased from 26.76 to 19.01 kPa.The permeability index(S)dropped from 4643.5 to 2446.8 kPa·℃.The softening-melting properties of the integrated burden were apparently improved.The acid pellets played a role in withstanding load during the softening process.The flux pellets in the integrated burden exhibited a higher slag melting point,which increased the melting temperature during the melting process.The slag homogeneity and the TiC produced by over-reduction led to the gas permeability deterioration of the single burden.The segregation of the flux and acid pellets in the HVTM proportion and basicity mainly led to the better softening-melting properties of the integrated burden.

Effect of basicity on sintering behavior of low-titanium vanadium-titanium magnetite

Basicity has an important effect on the sinter quality, especially for low-titanium vanadium-titanium sinter. The effect of basieity on sintering behavior of low-titanium vanadium-titanium mixture, and the transference and distribution of element in sintering process were researched by sinter pot test, mineralogical analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） analysis. The results show that CaO preferentially reacts with TiO2, generating pervoskite, so that the total liquid phase content of the sinter is low. There is an increase in the perovskite concentration of the sinter with the basicity ranging from 1.9：1 to 2.7：1. With increasing the basicity, the calcium ferrite content increases slightly and then rises rapidly, while the silicate content decreases and the metallurgical property of the sinter is improved. As for the distribution of these elements in the sinter, Ti occurs mainly in perovskite, V occurs mainly in silicate, and Fe occurs mainly in magnetite and hematite. The most abundant occurrence of Ca and Si occurs in silicate and perovskite. With increasing the basicity, the contents of A1 and Mg increase in calcium ferrite, while they decrease in other minerals.

Solid-state reduction kinetics and mechanism of pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate

The solid-state reduction kinetics of pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate was studied. The phase and microstructure of the reduction product were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS methods, based on which the mechanism of the solid-state reduction was investigated. The results showed that using coal as reductant at 950-1100 °C, the solid-state reduction of the pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate was controlled by interface chemical reaction and the apparent activation energy was 67.719 k J/mol. The mineral phase transformation during the reduction process can be described as follows： pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate → ulvospinel → ilmenite → Fe Ti2O5 →（FenTi1-n）Ti2O5. M3O5-type（M can be Fe, Ti, Mg, Mn, etc） solid solutions would be formed during the reduction process of the pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate at 1050 °C for 60 min. The poor reducibility of iron in M3O5 solid solutions is the main reason to limit the reduction property of pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate.

Trace Element Geochemistry of Magnetite from the Fe(-Cu) Deposits in the Hami Region, Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, NW China

Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry（LA–ICP–MS） was used to determine the trace element concentrations of magnetite from the Heifengshan, Shuangfengshan, and Shaquanzi Fe（–Cu） deposits in the Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt. The magnetite from these deposits typically contains detectable Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Ga. The trace element contents in magnetite generally vary less than one order of magnitude. The subtle variations of trace element concentrations within a magnetite grain and between the magnetite grains in the same sample probably indicate local inhomogeneity of ore–forming fluids. The variations of Co in magnetite between samples are probably due to the mineral proportion of magnetite and pyrite. Factor analysis has discriminated three types of magnetite： Ni–Mn–V–Ti（Factor 1）, Mg–Al–Zn（Factor 2）, and Ga– Co（Factor 3） magnetite. Magnetite from the Heifengshan and Shuangfengshan Fe deposits has similar normalized trace element spider patterns and cannot be discriminated according to these factors. However, magnetite from the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit has affinity to Factor 2 with lower Mg and Al but higher Zn concentrations, indicating that the ore–forming fluids responsible for the Fe–Cu deposit are different from those for Fe deposits. Chemical composition of magnetite indicates that magnetite from these Fe（–Cu） deposits was formed by hydrothermal processes rather than magmatic differentiation. The formation of these Fe（–Cu） deposits may be related to felsic magmatism.

Using trace elements of magnetite to constrain the origin of the Pingchuan hydrothermal low-Ti magnetite deposit in the Panxi area, SW China

The Pingchuan iron deposit, located in the Yanyuan region of Sichuan Province, SW China, has an ore reserve of 40 Mt with ~60 wt% Fe. Its genesis is still poorly understood. The Pingchuan iron deposit has a paragenetic sequence of an early Fe-oxide–Pyrite stage(Ⅰ) and a late Fe-oxide–pyrrhotite stage(Ⅱ). Stage Ⅰ magnetite grains are generally fragmented, euhedral–subhedral, largesized crystals accompanying with slightly postdated pyrite.Stage Ⅱ magnetite grains are mostly unfragmented, anhedral, relatively small-sized grains that co-exist with pyrrhotite. Combined with micro-textural features and previously-obtained geochronological data, we consider that these two stages of iron mineralization in the Pingchuan deposit correspond to the Permian ELIP magmatism and Cenozoic fault activity event. Both the Stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ magnetites are characterized with overall lower contents of trace elements(including Cr, Ti, V, and Ni) than the ELIP magmatic magnetite, which suggests a hydrothermal origin for them. ‘‘Skarn-like'' enrichment in Sn, Mn, and Zn in the Stage Ⅰ magnetite grains indicate significant material contributions from carbonate wall-rocks due to water–rock interaction in ore-forming processes. Stage Ⅱ magnetite grains contain higher Mn concentrations than Stage Ⅰ magnetite grains, which possibly implies more contribution from carbonate rocks. In multiple-element diagrams, the Stage Ⅰ magnetite shows systematic similarities to Kiruna-type magnetite rather than those from other types of deposits. Combined with geological features and previous studies on oxygen isotopes, we conclude that hydrothermal fluids have played a key role in the generation of the Pingchuan low-Ti iron deposit.

Effects of basicity and temperature on mineralogy and reduction behaviors of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite sinters

The effects of basicity and temperature on the reduction process of Hongge high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite(HCVTM)sinter were investigated in this work.The main characterization methods of X-ray fluorescence(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and metallographic microscope were employed in this study.In this work,the reduction of HCVTM sinter with different temperature and basicity were experimented.The Fe,FeO,and TiO in reductive samples increase with increasing basicity and temperatures.The increase of basicity and temperature is favorable to the reduction of HCVTM sinter.The Fe phase has out-migration tendency to the surface of sinter while the perovskite and silicate phases have in-migration tendency to the inside of sinter.The reduction degradation index(RDI)decreases while the reduction index(RI)increases with increasing basicity.The RI increases from 67.14%to 82.09%with increasing temperature from 1073 K to 1373 K.

Influence of Coke Content on Sintering Process of Chromium-containing Vanadium-titanium Magnetite

The sintering of chromium-containing vanadium-titanium magnetite using different coke contents was studied through the sintering pot tests, X-ray diffraction analysis and mineralogical phase analysis. Results showed that, as the coke content increased from 3.2% to 4.4%, the liquid phase and combustion zone thickness increased while the vertical sintering rate and ratio of sintered product decreased. In addition, the combustion ratio of exhaust gas also increased with increasing the coke content, indicating that combustion zone temperature also increased, and the excessive the coke content in the sintering process of vanadiumtitanium magnetite is harmful. As the coke content increased, the magnetite, silicates, and perovskite contents of the sintered ore increased while the contents of hematite and calcium ferrite of sintered ore decreased; drum strength decreased, and reduction degradation properties increased while reduction ability decreased. We found that the appropriate coke content for the sintering process is 3.6 wt%.

In-situ LA-ICP-MS trace element and oxygen isotope signatures of magnetite from the Yamansu deposit,NW China,and their significance

The Yamansu iron deposit is hosted in submarine volcanic rocks in the Aqishan–Yamansu belt of Eastern Tianshan,NW China.A geological cross-section for the Carboniferous strata in the ore district shows that ore bodies in the Yamansu deposit are hosted in andesitic crystal tuff of the third cycle of the Carboniferous Yamansu Formation.This indicates an association between mineralization and volcanism.The orebodies are strata bound and lensoid and generally share the occurrence state of the host rocks.Magnetite mineralization mainly occurs asbreccia ores,ores in the mineralized volcanic rocks,massive ores,and sulfide-rich ores according to their structures and sequences of formation.Trace element compositions of magnetite from various types of ores were determined by LA-ICP-MS.The dataset indicates thatdifferent types of magnetite havedistinct trace element contents correlated to their formation environments.Magnetite crystals from breccia ores have high Ti,Ni,V,Cr,and Co and low Si,Al,Ca,and Mg contents,indicating crystallization from a volcanic magmatic eruption,which is consistent with field evidence of coexisting altered volcanic breccia.Magnetite crystals from ores in the mineralized volcanic rocks have moderate Ti,Ni,V,Cr,and Co contents.In contrast,magnetite from massive ores and sulfide-rich ores have low concentrations of Ti,Cr,Ni,and V,high concentrations of Si,Al,Ca,and Mg,and evidence of hydrothermal magnetite.In-situ magnetite compositions imply a magmatic-hydrothermal process.Although d18 O values for magnetite grains from Yamansu vary(?1.3 to?7.0%),they all plot in the range field of volcanic iron deposits,and they also record a magmatic-hydrothermal process.The compositions of Yamansu magnetites are interpreted as controlled mainly by temperature,fluid,host rock buffering,oxygen fugacity,and sulfur fugacity.The metallogenic conditions of the Yamansu deposit changed from high temperature and low oxygen fugacity to low temperature and high oxygen fugacity.However,more fluid-rock reactions and higher sulfur fugacity were involved during the deposition of massive ores and sulfiderich ores.

Metallogeny of Serpentinite-hosted Magnetite Deposits: Hydrothermal Overgrowth on Chromite or Metamorphic Transformation of Chromite?

Peculiar and rare occurrences of serpentinite-hosted magnetite deposits with mineable sizes are found in the Mesozoic ophiolites of Greece(Skyros), Iran(Nain and Sabzevar) and Oman(Aniba). These deposits have diverse thickness(from a few centimeters up to 50 m) and length(2 to >500 m). Magnetite ores show variable textures, including massive, nodular and banded ores, veins, net and fine-grained disseminations in serpentinites. Intriguingly, the investigated magnetite deposits can be mistaken for chromitite pods. Serpentinite-hosted magnetite deposits show three modes of occurrences including:(i) boulders strewn across the serpentinites(i.e. Skyros Island);(ii) ore bodies along the nonconformity contacts between serpentinites and limestones(i.e. Aniba);(iii) irregular and discontinuous trails of massive and semi-massive ore bodies within highly sheared serpentinite masses(i.e. Nain;Sabzevar). In all of these magnetite ore bodies, relicts of chromian spinel grains are occasionally enclosed in magnetite crystals. The chemistry of Cr-spinel relics found in these magnetite bodies are comparable to those of accessory Crspinels in the surrounding serpentinized peridotites. BSE images and elemental mapping revealed that magnetite occurs as a nucleation on chromian spinels but not being involved in reaction either with chromite or ferritchromite. Low-grade metamorphic transformation of chromite into Fe-chromite is documented along the cracks and fractures of a few chromite grains. Generally, magnetite has typical hydrothermal compositions, characterized by low Cr, V and Ti and high Mg and Mn. It is crucial to note that a few magnetite grains with metamorphic origin are characterized by high Cr and low Ti and Ni. The potential source of iron is essentially the Fe-rich olivine. We believe that multi-episodic serpentinization of peridotite systems at high fluid-rock ratios is the main process responsible for precipitation of magnetite at ore levels whereas low-grade metamorphic transformation of chromite to magnetite has minor contribution. Cumulative factors in generation of these deposits are modal volume of mantle olivine, peridotite composition, fluid chemistry, fluid-rock ratio, mechanisms of transportation and precipitation, structural controls such as cracks and shear zones.

The Shaytor Apatite-Magnetite Deposit in the Kashmar-Kerman Tectonic Zone (Central Iran): A Kiruna-Type Iron Deposit

The Shaytor apatite-rich iron deposit is located in the Kashmar-Kerman tectonic zone in the central of the Iranian plat, which is an important polymetallic belt in Iran. The ore bodies are interbedded with the upper inferacaamberian calc-alkaline igneous rocks that show well-preserved porphyritic and volcaniclastic textures. The iron ores have massive, disseminated, and brecciated structures. Magnetite from the Shaytor deposit is low in Ti (TiO2 = up to 0.70 wt.%) and different ore types show similar rare earth element (REE) and trace element-normalized patterns with weak-to-moderate enrichment in light REE and negative Eu anomalies, indicating a common source and genesis. The similar REE patterns for the magnetite and volcanic basaltic host rocks suggest their close genetic linkage and support a magmatic origin for the deposit. The Shaytor deposit shows the typical characteristics of Kiruna-type deposits with regard to the mineral assemblages, ore texture and structure, and the apatite and magnetite geochemistry. We propose that the Kiruna-type Shaytor apatite-rich iron deposit was derived from Fe-P-rich melt through liquid immiscibility and the activity of hydrothermal fluids.

Wettability and corrosion behavior between alkaline slag from sodium smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite and refractory substrates

The sodium smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite can achieve the comprehensive utilization of Fe,V,and Ti.However,the generation of alkaline slag during this process may cause damage to refractory materials.The wettability and corrosion behavior of alkaline slag on three types of refractory(MgO-C,SiC,and high alumina refractory)substrates were investigated at temperatures up to 1200℃.The effects of duration on the wettability of molten slag on SiC substrates were also investigated.Results showed that the high alumina refractory exhibited better wettability with the molten slag than the others,and thus,it is easier to be corroded.The results of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that MgO-C and high alumina refractory substrates were severely eroded.There was a visible and regular interfacial reaction layer between the slag and SiC refractory substrate,which was produced by the redox reaction between the metal oxides in the slag and the SiC refractory substrate.With the increase in holding time,the interface layer expands and silico-ferrite phases are generated at the interface.The redox reaction between Fe_(2)O_(3) and SiC substrate is the main reason for the corrosion.By comparing the differences in wettability and corrosion behavior between the alkaline slag from sodium smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite and MgO-C,SiC and high alumina refractories,it is concluded that SiC refractory has good corrosion resistance to the slag.Iron oxides in the slag accelerate the oxidation rate of SiC refractory.

Enrichment and reconfiguration of titanium-bearing phase in vortex smelting reduction process of vanadium-titanium magnetite

To comprehensively utilize the low-iron high-vanadium-titanium magnetite,a new method of vortex smelting reduction of vanadium-titanium magnetite was proposed,and the enrichment and reconstitution regularity of Ti-bearing phases in the slag was investigated through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction analysis,and optical microscopy.The phase diagram revealed that the preferential crystallization of MgTi_(2)O_(5) can be achieved by adjusting the CaO,MgO,and TiO_(2) contents of slag.The predominant Ti-bearing phases in the slag obtained from the reduction process are MgxTi_(3_x)O_(5)(0≤x≤1)and CaTiO_(3).FeTiO_(3) is present at carbon-iron ratio(CR)=1.3,while MgTi_(2)O4 and TiC are formed at CR=1.3.The enrichment of TiO_(2) in the slag increases first and then decreases as the CR increases,and at CR=1.1,the enrichment of TiO_(2) in the slag reaches 51.3 wt.%.Additionally,the concentrations of MgxTi_(3_x)O_(5)(0≤x≤1)and CaTiO_(3) in the slag,along with the grain width of MgxTi_(3_x)O_(5)(0≤x≤1),decrease with the increase in CR.

Three-liquid-phase extraction and separation of V(V) and Cr(VI) from acidic leach solutions of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite

A new method by liquid-liquid-liquid three phase system, consisting of acidified primary amine N1923 （abbreviated as A-N1923）, poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） and （NH4）2S04 aqueous solution, was suggested for the separation and simultaneous extraction of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） from the acidic leach solutions of high- chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite. Experimental results indicated that Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could be selectively enriched into the A-N1923 organic top phase and PEG-rich middle phase, respectively, while AI（Ⅲ） and other co-existing impurity ions, such as Si（Ⅳ）, Fe（Ⅲ）, Ti（Ⅳ）, Mg（Ⅱ） and Ca（Ⅱ） in acidic leach solutions, could be enriched in the （NH4）2SO4 bottom aqueous phase. During the process for extraction and separation of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ）, almost all of impurity ions could be removed. The separation factors between Ⅴ （Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could reach 630 and 908, respectively in the organic top phase and PEG middle phase, and yields of recovered Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） in the top phase and middle phase respectively were all above 90%. Various effects including aqueous pH, A-N1923 concentration, PEG added amount and （NH4）2SO4 concentration on three-phase partitioning of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） were discussed. It was found that the partition of Cr（Ⅵ） into the PEG-rich middle phase was driven by hydrophobic interaction, while extraction of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） by A-N1923 resulted of anion exchange between NO; and H2V10O4-28. Stripping of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） from the top organic phase and the middle PEG-rich phase were achieved by mixing respectively with NANO3 aqueous solutions and NaOH-（NH4）2SO4 solutions. The present work highlights a new approach for the extraction and purification of V and Cr from the complex multi-metal co-existing acidic leach solutions of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite.

Germanium in Magnetite:A Preliminary Review

Magnetite is a very common mineral in various types of iron deposits and some sulfide deposits. Recent studies have focused on the use of trace elements in magnetite to discriminate ore types or trace ore-forming process. Germanium is a disperse element in the crust, but sometimes is not rare in magnetite. Germanium in magnetite can be determined by laser ablation ICP-MS due to its low detection limit（0.0X ppm）. In this study, we summary the Ge data of magnetite from magmatic deposits, iron formations, skarn deposits, iron oxide copper-gold deposits, and igneous derived hydrothermal deposits. Magnetite from iron formations contains relatively high Ge（up to ~250 ppm）, whereas those from all other deposits mostly contains Ge less than 10 ppm, indicating that iron formations can be discriminated from other Fe deposits by Ge contents. Germanium in magmatic/hydrothermal magnetite is controlled by a few factors. Primary magma/fluid composition may be the major control of Ge in magnetite. Higher oxygen fugacity may be beneficial to Ge partition into magnetite. Sulfur fugacity and temperature may have little effect on Ge in magnetite. The enrichment mechanism of Ge in magnetite from iron formations remains unknown due to the complex ore genesis. Germanium along with other elements（Mn, Ni, Ga） and element ratios（Ge/Ga and Ge/Si raios） can distinguish different types of deposits, indicating that Ge can be used as a discriminate factor like Ti and V. Because of the availability of in situ analytical technique like laser ablation ICP-MS, in situ Ge/Si ratio of magnetite can serve as a geochemical tracer and may provide new constraints on the genesis of banded iron formations.

峨眉大火成岩省攀西钒钛磁铁矿矿集区钴、镓、钪资源及综合利用潜力

峨眉大火成岩省内带攀西地区的攀枝花、红格、白马、太和等矿床的钒钛磁铁矿矿石量约100亿t,V_(2)O_(5)储量1580万t、TiO_(2)储量8.7亿t,此外还蕴含着丰富的Co、Ga、Sc、Cr等十多种稀有金属。尽管自20世纪八九十年代V和Ti逐渐得到了利用,但是Co、Ga、Sc、Cr等元素尚未得到综合利用,这些矿床的尾矿中还有巨量的各种金属元素。本文对近年来获得的磁铁矿、钛铁矿、单斜辉石电子探针和激光等离子质谱原位分析数据进行了系统分析,发现Ga和Cr主要赋存在磁铁矿中,Co主要赋存在硫化物和磁铁矿中,Sc主要赋存在单斜辉石和钛铁矿中;而且不同岩体中的磁铁矿、钛铁矿和单斜辉石中各种元素的含量存在差异。这些分析为矿石、尾矿甚至某些岩石中这些元素的综合利用提供了重要信息。

磁铁矿:研究方法与矿床学应用

磁铁矿在自然界普遍存在,其成岩和成矿作用研究备受关注。文章系统地总结了近年来磁铁矿的研究进展,介绍了磁铁矿的研究方法体系,并探讨了其在矿床学研究中的应用。磁铁矿的研究方法包括磁铁矿的年代学、显微结构、元素和同位素组成。在磁铁矿的方法学基础上,进一步探讨了磁铁矿Re-Os同位素定年在成矿年代学研究中的应用、磁铁矿有关的温度计和氧逸度计以及矿床类型判别等。此外,以铁氧化物-铜-金和铁氧化物-磷灰石矿床为例,讨论了磁铁矿微量元素组成对这些矿床成因的制约,并初步总结了磁铁矿微量元素组成在找矿勘查方面的应用。磁铁矿作为重要的矿床学研究对象,已助推矿床成因和找矿勘查研究,具有巨大的应用潜力,包括原位U-Pb年代学和非传统稳定同位素示踪(如V同位素)等。然而,磁铁矿中微量元素的赋存状态、分配行为以及磁铁矿地球化学数据库等是磁铁矿研究中较薄弱的环节,亟需进一步加强。

北山地区石炭纪海相火山岩中基鲁纳型铁矿床的厘定及对区域成矿的指示:以内蒙古碧玉山铁矿床为例

北山地区发育众多赋存于石炭纪海相火山岩中的铁矿床,其中内蒙古碧玉山铁矿床是该区典型的这类矿床之一。该矿床地处内蒙古自治区的西北缘,勘查工作程度相对较低,矿床成因研究程度较为薄弱。经过野外及初步的岩相学观察工作对内蒙古碧玉山铁矿床进行了研究。研究表明,碧玉山铁矿床普遍具有磁铁矿-磷灰石的矿物组合,其中磷灰石普遍经历溶解-再沉淀作用而导致内部含有大量细小的独居石包裹体。磁铁矿中普遍发育钛铁矿出溶结构,具有高温的磁铁矿特征。这些特征与区域上发育的具有矽卡岩化及低钛磁铁矿的其他矿床明显不同,而与典型的基鲁纳型(铁氧化物-磷灰石型)铁矿床在矿物组合及磷灰石、磁铁矿矿物学特征等方面非常相似。笔者对该铁矿的地质特征开展初步分析认为,内蒙古北山地区碧玉山铁矿床属于赋存于海相火山岩中的基鲁纳型铁矿床,这对该区基鲁纳型铁矿床的成矿理论及找矿勘查工作具有指导意义。

东秦岭钼多金属成矿带夜长坪斑岩-矽卡岩型钼钨矿床磁铁矿成因类型与指示意义

夜长坪超大型斑岩-矽卡岩型钼钨矿床位于东秦岭钼多金属成矿带,保存了完整的矽卡岩形成演化及成矿作用的重要信息。通过详细的野外地质调查及镜下鉴定,将夜长坪钼钨矿床中的磁铁矿划分为3种类型:晚矽卡岩阶段形成以他型粒状或以聚合体形式与黑云母、绢云母、黏土等矿物共生的Mt1型磁铁矿;氧化物阶段形成半自形至自形与石榴子石、透闪石、阳起石等矿物共生的Mt2型磁铁矿;呈稠密浸染状与辉钼矿等硫化物共生,或产出在石英多金属硫化物脉中的Mt3型磁铁矿。电子探针及LA-ICP-MS原位测试分析结果显示:Mt1~Mt3型磁铁矿FeO平均含量逐渐升高,Mt1型磁铁矿富Si、Mg、Na等元素,具有最高的V、Cr、Ti、Al和Mo含量。Mt2型磁铁矿Ti元素含量明显降低,Si含量略有下降,具有最高含量的Mg和Mn。Mt3型磁铁矿中Ti、Si、Na、Ca元素含量均最低。磁铁矿元素变化特征显示,Fe元素易被Si、Ca、Al等元素替换;随磁铁矿的结晶,成矿流体中逐渐富集Mo等成矿元素。磁铁矿成因判别图解显示,Mt1型磁铁矿与另外2种磁铁矿形成物质来源略有不同,Mt1型磁铁矿更偏向于岩浆热液成因,Mt2型磁铁矿和Mt3型磁铁矿则更偏向于变质热液成因,随着Mt2型磁铁矿的形成,赋矿围岩参与成矿的程度逐渐增强。从早期较高温的Mt1型磁铁矿至晚期较低温的Mt3型磁铁矿,V和Ti具有较为明显的正相关关系;流体-岩石作用程度判别图解显示交代作用逐渐增强。因此,在夜长坪钼钨矿床氧逸度的变化和流体-岩石作用程度的逐渐增强是控制成矿的主要因素。

西昆仑塔什库尔干新迭铁矿床赋矿地层形成时代及其地质意义

布伦阔勒群是西昆仑塔什库尔干地块的主要组成部分,也是该区域铁矿床的赋矿层位,主要发育有老并、赞坎、喀来子和叶里克等矿床。新迭铁矿为塔什库尔干成矿带北部新发现的一个小型矿床,主要含矿岩性为石英片岩、云母斜长片岩、大理岩等。新迭铁矿的形成与沉积成矿作用密切相关,其主要矿体与布伦阔勒群底部的含铁建造同生,且顺层产出。笔者对新迭铁矿赋矿围岩布伦阔勒群和铁矿体中的碎屑锆石进行年代学研究,结果表明布伦阔勒群最年轻碎屑锆石年龄主要集中在588.0~513.6 Ma,推测新迭铁矿布伦阔勒群的形成年龄应晚于588.0~513.6 Ma,为寒武纪成岩。因此,新迭铁矿的形成与寒武纪铁建造沉积有关,后期经历了区域高级变质作用和岩浆热液的改造。新迭铁矿布伦阔勒群形成时代为早古生代,应从原划分方案的古元古界地层中剥离出来。

攀西太和钒钛磁铁矿中钴的分布规律及赋存状态

这是一篇工艺矿物学领域的论文。钴是重要的战略金属,主要以共-伴生元素的形式分布于金属矿床中。攀西地区的钒钛磁铁矿矿床是我国最大的钒钛铁资源基地,其矿床中伴生了大量的钴资源,但富钴矿石中钴在矿物相之间的分布规律及微观的赋存状态还未被查明。本文选择攀西地区太和钒钛磁铁矿矿床作为研究对象,利用化学分析、光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM-BSE)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、高级矿物鉴定和表征系统(AMICS)、电子探针(EPMA)等分析技术对矿床中典型的富钴矿石进行了化学成分、矿物组成以及Co元素在不同矿物间分布规律及赋存状态进行了研究,研究结果表明富钴样品矿物中硫化物具有较高的钴含量,而铁钛氧化物中钴含量较低,其他矿物中几乎不含有钴,钴的分布规律表明其主要分布于硫化物中,少量分布于铁钛氧化物以及脉石矿物中。样品中钴元素具有独立矿物-硫钴镍矿和类质同象两种赋存状态。研究结果为该地区钴资源的综合利用提供矿物学依据。