Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Growing Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects of pelleted total mixed ration on production performance and serum biochemical index of growing Hainan black goats.[Method] Twenty-four growing Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(10.05±0.049) kg were randomly assigned into two treatments, and supplied with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration(experimental group), respectively. The trial lasted 50 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05), but the feed/gain ratio of experimental group was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the gross profit of experimental group significantly increased( P <0.05).[Conclusion] Pelleted total mixed ration led to better production performance of growing Hainan black goat.

Study on Direct Reduction Characteristics of Iron Ore Coal Mixed Pellets

In order to get DRI iron ore coal mixed pellets are reduced isothermally. The mechanisms of reduction desulphurization, iron oxide reduction and the structure regenesis of the coal mixed pellets during reduction have been studied. The effect of various processing factors on the quality of DRI and economy technological indices including compression strength, desulphurization rate, recovery rate, reaction fraction, carbon content and metallization are also researched.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration of Different Particle Sizes on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper to investigate the effects of pelleted total mixed ration of different particle size on production performance and serum biochemical index of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(19.02±0.22) kg were randomly divided into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao+concentrate(control group), pel-leted total mixed ration I(particle size 6 mm, experimental group I) and II(particle size 5 mm, experimental group II), respectively. The trial lasted 45 d.[Result](1) The final weight and daily gain of experimental group II were significantly higher than those of control group( P<0.05), and the daily gain of experimental group II was also higher than that of experimental group I(P<0.05);the feed intake of experimental group II was markedly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), but was significantly lower than that of experimental group I(P<0.05). The feed/gain ratio of experimental group II was significantly lower than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(2) The feed gain cost of experimental group II was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), but the gross profit was significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of experimental group II increased markedly( P<0.05) while the urea nitrogen level decreased(P>0.05).[Conclusion] The pelleted total mixed ration with the particle size of 5 mm obtained better fattening ef-fect, and obviously improved the serum total protein level.

Study on the Evaporation Kinetics of Zinc and Lead in Zn-Pb-Bearing Dust Pellets Mixed with Coal Powder

The study on the evaporation kinetics of zinc and lead in the pellets made of ZnPbbearing dust mixed with carbon ,in nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature range between 1 100 and 1 300 , shows that the reduction temperature has a significant effect on the evaporation rates of zinc and lead and that both the particle size of coal powder and the extra carbon content have no effect on the evaporation rates . The obtained activation energies for the evaporation of zinc and lead are 7942 kJ/mol and 8874kJ/mol respectively. The evaporation rate of zinc is controlled by the reaction between zinc oxide and CO while that of lead is controlled by lead volatilization and the diffusion of gaseous lead through gas boundary layer covering the surface of liquid lead.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration with Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] This paper was to study effects of pelleted total mixed ration with different concentrate-roughage ratios on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic background and similar initial weight of(14.08±0.13) kg were randomly assigned into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration I(concentrate: roughage 50 ∶50, group Ⅰ) and Ⅱ(concentrate: roughage 45∶55, group Ⅱ), respectively. The test lasted 45 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the final weight and daily gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were also markedly higher than those of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the feed/gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). The feed gain cost of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was markedly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ( P<0.05), but was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the gross profit of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). Compared with control group and experimental group Ⅱ, the serum total protein and glucose lev-els in experimental group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05), but the urea nitrogen content reduced(P>0.05).[Conclusion] When the concentrateroughage ratio of pelleted total mixed ration was 50∶50, the fattening effect of Hainan black goat was better, and the serum total protein and glucose levels were evidently improved.

肉羊饲喂全混合颗粒饲料对其采食行为的影响

本试验通过开展粗饲料资源玉米秸秆和苜蓿干草不同比、不同精粗比全混合颗粒饲料肉羊饲喂试验,观察记录肉羊采食行为。最终得出结论:饲喂全混合颗粒饲料,采食时间缩短30~40 min左右,采食速度提高,增加了采食量;粗饲料比例越高,肉羊饮水次数和饮水时间越长;精饲料比例越高,肉羊排便次数增加;精粗比对肉羊的运动和休息时间没有显著影响。通过观测各指标得出结论:A3B2组饲喂效果最好。

饲喂全混合颗粒饲料对肉羊反刍行为和养分消化率的影响

本试验利用甘肃省武威市凉州区丰富的黄玉米秸秆和紫花苜蓿青干草,按1:1、1:2、2:1的比例混合,并将混合好的粗饲料与精饲料,按照精粗比30:70、40:60、50:50的比例组合,生产出9种全混合(TMR)颗粒饲料,饲喂肉羊,观察记录试验羊只的反刍行为,筛选玉米秸秆与紫花苜蓿青干草最佳配比及精粗比。通过观察,营养物质表观消化率的测定,最终得出结论:饲喂全混合颗粒饲料,没有影响肉羊的反刍行为,瘤胃功能正常。但营养物质中粗蛋白和粗纤维的消化率受精粗比影响显著,A3B2组粗蛋白的消化率为75.01%,A1B3组粗蛋白的消化率为66.19%,A3B2组比A1B3组显著提高了11.75%(P<0.05)。A3B2组粗纤维的消化率为67.01%,A1B3组粗纤维的消化率为61.18%,A3B2组比A1B3组显著提高了8.7%(P<0.05),其他各组间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合考虑各指标,认为9种全混合颗粒饲料中,优先选择黄玉米秸秆与紫花苜蓿青干草配比为1:2,精粗比为50:50的颗粒饲料饲喂,饲喂效果较好,可以推广应用。

基于交互反应优化高球比炉料结构的研究及应用

不同炉料之间存在着交互反应,采用熔滴性能试验,对京唐高炉高球比条件下的合理炉料结构进行了研究。结果表明,不同炉料搭配后软化性能和熔滴性能有明显差异:烧结矿与酸性球团矿、碱性球团矿搭配的炉料结构性能最优;烧结矿与碱性球团矿搭配的炉料结构性能居中;而烧结矿搭配酸性球团矿并配石灰石的的炉料结构性能较差。2019-2021年,京唐3座5500m^(3)高炉采用优化后的高球比炉料结构,球团矿比例达50%以上,其中3号高炉月均球团矿比例最高达到65%,3座高炉长期稳定顺行,主要技术经济指标持续提升。

氧化石墨烯掺杂UO_(2)芯块制备工艺及性能研究

氧化石墨烯(Graphene Oxide,GO)掺杂改性二氧化铀(UO_(2))芯块是高性能核燃料研究的重点方向之一。为实现GO在UO_(2)芯块中的均匀分布及掺杂量的有效控制,利用固-液混合法和重铀酸铵(Ammonium Diuranate,ADU)共沉淀法制备了不同GO掺杂量的UO_(2)粉末,研究了制粉方法及GO掺杂量对GO在UO_(2)中混合均匀性的影响。采用放电等离子烧结制备了不同GO掺杂量的UO_(2)-GO芯块,探索了不同烧结参数的影响,并对燃料芯块的性能进行测试。结果表明,固-液混合法制备的GO掺杂UO_(2)粉末混合均匀度更好;放电等离子烧结得到的UO_(2)-GO芯块密度最高可达97.6%T.D.;GO掺杂量为1.5 wt.%的芯块在1000℃下的热导率较常规UO_(2)芯块提高了85.9%;制备的UO_(2)-GO芯块晶粒尺寸较为均匀,GO均匀分布在晶界处并形成了桥联导热网络,有效提升了掺杂芯块的热导率。

铜强化铁碳微电解陶粒阴极对硝基苯废水的降解研究

采用电镀法,考察Cu 2+浓度、电流密度、电镀时间对镀层形貌及电镀速率的影响,以SEM-EDS、XRD、CV等分析方法对所获得的铜电镀污泥碳进行表征;并进一步制备三元微电解陶粒,考察不同加铜方式对陶粒性能的影响。结果表明:在Cu 2+浓度为0.15 mol/L、电流密度为12.5 mA/cm 2时镀层均匀、致密;铜电镀掺杂制备的三元微电解陶粒对硝基苯废水的降解有更高的去除效果,在初始pH为3且废水中的硝基苯浓度为100 mg/L时,反应180 min即可达到90.61%的硝基苯去除率,且对硝基苯的降解符合伪一级动力学反应,反应速率常数可达到0.01058 min-1。

强力混合预润湿强化干矿粉造球的研究

北方冬季长、气温低,一般采用超低水分铁精矿进行球团生产,但其造球性能差,现有暖仓浸泡预润湿工艺流程长、水分波动大。为此,在系统研究了铁精矿水分对造球性能影响规律的基础上,引入强力混合机进行预润湿混合。结果表明,强力混合可明显改善预润湿效果、提高生球强度,适宜的混合料水分和膨润土用量分别降低1%和0.3%,流程缩短、生产效率提升。

试论焦丁在高炉高比例球团矿治炼中的作用

简要分析了高炉高比例球团矿治炼的难点,认为可通过矿焦混装技术来改善冶炼效果,并可适当提高焦丁人炉比例,将焦丁粒度下限调整为6~8mm。重点分析了焦丁在高炉冶炼中的作用,主要包括:①矿焦混装可限制球团矿滚动,稳定料面形状,焦丁比大于60kg/t时,焦丁对球团矿滚动的限制效果明显变强;②降低焦丁平均粒度,与矿石粒度相近,改善块状带透气性;③由于焦丁的存在,铁橄榄石相的生成量受到抑制,且在1050℃下能够被碳直接还原,避免了球团矿表面形成致密的金属铁壳,其还原性能得到改善;④加大焦丁量能进一步改善炉料的软化和熔滴性能,有利于缓解高球比冶炼时软熔带透气性差的问题。

青贮玉米混合型颗粒饲粮对籽鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数及生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究青贮玉米混合型颗粒饲粮对籽鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数及血清生化指标的影响。试验选取28日龄籽鹅60只,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鹅。对照组籽鹅饲喂基础饲粮,青贮组籽鹅饲喂青贮玉米混合型颗粒饲粮,试验期42 d。结果显示,两组籽鹅生长性能和器官指数无显著差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,青贮组籽鹅的半净膛率显著提高了3.57%(P<0.05),血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低了41.44%(P<0.05)。研究表明,在籽鹅育成期饲喂青贮玉米混合型颗粒饲粮对生长发育无负面影响,并有助于提高屠宰性能。

不同饲养方式及育肥期对安格斯公犊牛生产和屠宰性能的影响

[目的]最大限度产出嫩度与风味俱佳的优质牛肉,实现安格斯牛养殖提质增效。[方法]选用(12±0.45)月龄的安格斯公犊18头,随机分为3组,组间体重差异不显著。1组全混合颗粒饲料育肥,(26.90±0.64)月龄屠宰;2组全混合饲料(TMR)育肥,(26.27±0.38)月龄屠宰;3组TMR育肥,(29.17±0.48)月龄屠宰。1组育肥全期,2组、3组育肥前期日粮精粗比4:6;2组、3组育肥后期日粮精粗比6:4。[结果]安格斯公犊育肥前期,1组较2、3组干物质采食量提高36.30%以上,日增重提高88.33%以上,差异显著;育肥后期各组干物质采食量、日增重差异不显著。1组与2组净肉率、脂肪率差异不显著;但1组净肉量较2、3组分别高59.40、46.72 kg,差异显著。3组较1、2组净肉率显著下降,脂肪率显著上升。[结论]全混合颗粒饲料可提高育肥牛干物质采食量,减少精饲料用量,提高日增重、产肉能力和经济效益。不同饲养方式对安格斯育肥公犊牛屠宰净肉率及脂肪率没有显著影响;育肥期对安格斯犊牛生产及屠宰性能有显著影响;育肥期过长其产肉能力减弱,脂肪沉积快速增加。

强力混合技术在烧结球团行业的应用

烧结、球团工艺所用原料种类多、物料量大、理化性质差异大,其均匀混合对于优质烧结矿、球团矿的制备具有重要意义。本文就强力混合技术对烧结、球团颗粒混合的作用原理、强化效果以及其工业应用情况进行了重点阐述,并就生产中存在的桨叶磨损、核颗粒破碎以及熔剂消化不充分等问题提出增设原料筛分设备、预混合设备以及选择性强化混合等改进建议,以期为行业针对不同原料特点,选择强力混合-制粒工艺提供参考。

不同比例玉米秸秆全混合颗粒日粮对小尾寒羊的消化、瘤胃内发酵及生长性能的影响

本研究为高效利用秸秆,探讨了秸秆型颗粒日粮对小尾寒羊的消化、瘤胃内发酵及饲料转化率的影响。配制4种TMR颗粒日粮,玉米秸秆分别为52%(Ⅰ组),42%(Ⅱ组),32%(Ⅲ组)和22%(Ⅳ组),开展了消化试验和增重试验。结果表明:Ⅲ组DM表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ,Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组CP表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ,Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ组ADF、NDF表观消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组沉积氮、沉积氮/摄入氮、沉积钙、沉积磷显著高于其他三组(P<0.05)。Ⅳ组瘤胃内NH3-N浓度显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ,Ⅳ组的日增重显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且Ⅲ组日增重显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组的料肉最低。因此,玉米秸秆为32%的TMR颗粒饲喂效果最佳。

混合电石渣球团宽温域同步脱硫脱硝性能研究

通过成型-破碎方法将固废电石渣、污泥和生物质造粒,研究了混合电石渣球团在不同可燃质添加比例/不同温度下的同步脱硫脱硝性能及燃烧动力学.结果表明:混合电石渣球团燃烧动力学均符合三维扩散模型;相比纯电石渣,550~850℃宽温域下所有混合电石渣球团脱硫性能均显著提高且具备了较高脱硝能力,最大脱硫效率均可达到90%~100%,最大脱硝效率可达70%以上.球团中生物质的加入明显提高了固硫产物层扩散控制阶段的扩散系数.球团中污泥和生物质添加量越大,同步脱硫脱硝效率越高,脱硝持续时间越长,且两类球团的耐磨强度均存在最佳添加量,该研究具有较好的工业应用前景.

粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定混匀矿中TFe含量及其应用

以粉末压片制样,研究确定制样条件,选择仪器最佳参数,并绘制标准工作曲线,建立X射线荧光光谱法测定混匀矿中TFe含量的检测方法(TFe的测定范围为52.0%~67.0%)。将本方法的测定结果与化学分析方法相比较,实际使用结果表明,用该方法测定混匀矿中全铁含量,测量准确度、精密度较好,所得分析结果与化学分析结果一致,能满足生产检验要求。

首钢京唐进口矿细磨技术

首钢京唐公司针对球团矿生产过程中原料资源品种单一,进口矿原料粒度粗,无法直接用于生产的实际情况,研究并优化了进口矿的细磨和过滤工艺。指出,进口矿粗粉种类多,可磨性和过滤性差异较大,可通过合理混矿得到可磨性和过滤性能优异,且满足磨选工艺要求的优质细磨铁精粉。经验证,细磨后的进口铁精粉成球性好,有害元素含量低,有利于高炉生产,并且可通过调整进口矿配比改善球团矿质量,降低配矿成本。

不同精粗比全混合颗粒饲粮对母羊营养物质表观消化率、氮代谢和能量代谢的影响

本试验研究了不同精粗比全混合颗粒饲粮对母羊营养物质表观消化率、氮代谢和能量代谢的影响,以确定母羊饲粮适宜精粗比[或中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平]。试验采用单因素完全随机区组设计,将30只体况良好、8月龄、体重相近的杂交母羊(萨福克羊×阿勒泰羊)随机分为6个处理,每个处理5只羊,分别饲喂6种不同精粗比(85∶15、70∶30、55∶45、40∶60、25∶75、10∶90)的全混合颗粒饲粮。预试期10 d,消化代谢试验18 d,呼吸测热试验2 d。结果表明:1)全混合颗粒饲粮精粗比对母羊干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)和NDF表观消化率均产生了极显著影响(P<0.01),DM和OM表观消化率随精粗比的上升而升高,精粗比为55∶45的饲粮NDF表观消化率最高,与精粗比为85∶15和70∶30的饲粮差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)消化氮随着精粗比的上升而升高,过高或过低精粗比均不利于氮的沉积,精粗比为55∶45时,母羊对氮的利用效率最高。3)消化能、代谢能、总能消化率和总能代谢率均随着精粗比的上升而出现极显著的升高(P<0.01)。在本试验条件下,母羊对精粗比为70∶30和55∶45(NDF水平分别为37.78%和45.80%)的全混合颗粒饲粮消化吸收较好。