Effect of Rotating Speed Fluctuation on External Hydraculic Performance of a Vane Pump

The rotating speed fluctuation for turbomachinery is a common problem, which will cause severe destruction for equipments and basis when the fluctuation is very strong. In this paper,in order to study the transient response characteristics of a radial vane pump subjected to slight( 5%) and strong( 20%)fluctuating rotational speeds, the variation characteristics of the external hydraulic performances are numerically predicted by means of computational fluid dynamics( CFD) technology. The results manifest that the responses of head and flow rate are different relative to the fluctuating characteristics of rotational speed. The response of the former is very satisfied in synchronism,while that of the latter is hysteretic. Meanwhile,it is found that the variation tendencies of the static pressures at the inlet and outlet of the pump are completely opposite, while the response characteristics of the dynamic pressures at the inlet and outlet are nearly identical.Subsequently,in order to further reveal the transient behavior during the instantaneous operating periods,two non-dimensional parameters are employed to deeply analyze it. The result shows that the variation tendencies of these two parameters are also approximately opposite.Moreover,the quasi-steady assumption is not able to be used to accurately assess the transient flow during transient operating periods. The comparison results show that the transient behavior does not show obvious distinctions between slight and strong fluctuating rotating speeds.

Damping of Pressure Pulsations in Mobile Hydraulic Applications by the Use of Closed Cell Cellular Rubbers Integrated into a Vane Pump

The present study evaluates the potential of a bio-inspired pulsation damper in a vane pump used in mobile hydraulic ap- plications. Pressure pulsations caused by such positive displacement pumps can lead to malfunctions and noise in a hydraulic system. A common measure to reduce pressure pulsations is the integration of pressure pulsation dampers downstream of the pump. This type of damping measure can also be found in biology as e.g. in the human blood circulatory system. Such working principles found in living organisms offer a high potential for a biomimetic transfer into technical applications. The newly developed bio-inspired damper consists of cellular rubbers with non-linear viscoelastic material properties. In order to evaluate the new damping method, pressure pulsations were measured at two different back pressures and at a wide engine speed range of the vane pump. For further assessment, different setups, varying the stiffness of the cellular rubber materials and the damper volume, were tested. Within the tested back pressures, the pressure pulsations could be reduced by up to 40%. The developed integrated pulsation damper offers a high potential to dampen pressure pulsations of positive displacement pumps used in mobile hydraulic applications ooeratin~ below 10 bar.

Transient simulation of a pump-turbine with misaligned guide vanes during turbine model start-up

Experimental studies of a model pump-turbine S-curve characteristics and its improvement by misaligned guide vanes （MGV） were extended to prototype pump turbine through 3-D transient flow simulations. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the SST turbulence model were used to model the transient flow within the entire flow passage of a reversible pump-turbine with and without misaligned guide vanes during turbine model start-up. The unstable S-curve and its improvement by using misaligned guide vane were verified by model test and simulation. The transient flow calculations were used to clarify the variations of pressure pulse and internal flow behavior in the entire flow passage. The use of misaligned guide vanes can eliminate the S-curve characteristics of a pump-turbine, and can significantly increase the pressure pulse amplitude in the entire flow passage and the runner radial forces during start-up. The MGV only decreased the pulse amplitude on the guide vane suction side when the rotating speed was less than 50% rated speed. The hydraulic reason is that the MGV dramatically changed the flow patterns inside the entire flow passage, and destroyed the symmetry of the flow distribution inside the guide vane and runner.

CALCULATION OF SPLITTING VANES AND INNER FLOW ANALYSIS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLER

The calculation method for vane numbers is obtained on the intention that itshould have no back flow area in the flow passage of centrifugal passage. Then a criterion that thedesign of splitting vanes of centrifugal compound impeller should ensure that the back flow arearatio be the minimum is proposed. On the basis of the criterion, the slippery theory is used as oneof CFD methods to analyze the inner flow field of the impeller of various kinds of splitting vanesdesign, therefore, the optimized design of splitting vanes is obtained and which agrees with that ofsome testing results.

Influence of long and short guide vanes on hydraulic performance of water-jet pump

Different guide vane structures will affect the flow inside the pump,and then affect the transformation of the pressure energy and kinetic energy,and change the velocity distribution of the pump outlet.In order to study the influence of long and short guide vanes on the water-jet pump,on the basis of conventional design,eight schemes of guide vane with different vertical heights were designed in the method of computational fluid dynamics for numerical calculation,the performance curve of water-jet pumps with different long and short guide vanes was obtained,and finally the influence of different guide vanes on hydraulic performance and internal flow was analyzed.The results show that all of schemes reducing the height of blade can improve the head and efficiency.In the schemes reducing the height on the shroud,the guide vanes that the height of the blade is equal to the height difference between hub and shroud in impeller have the highest head and efficiency.In all schemes decreasing the blade height,with the increase of the height difference,the velocity increases gradually and the distribution of turbulence kinetic energy becomes more reasonable in the guide vane outlet.The schemes reducing the height on the hub have more reasonable distribution of velocity and turbulence kinetic energy according to schemes reducing the height on the shroud.The guide vanes of long and short blades can be used to stagger the position of the diffusion flow generated by adjacent blades,which can reduce the effect of the velocity circulation and make the flow of the outlet position more stable.

Comparisons between numerical calculations and measurements in vaned diffuser of SHF impeller

The paper presents analysis of the performance and the internal flow behaviour in the vaned diffuser of a radial flow pump using PIV(particle image velocimetry)and pressure probe traverses.PIV measurements have already been performed at middle height inside one diffuser channel passage for a given speed of rotation and various mass flow rates.These results have been already presented in several previous communications.New experiments have been performed using a three-hole pressure probe traverses from hub to shroud diffuser width at different radial locations between the two diffuser geometrical throats.Numerical simulations are also realized with the commercial codes Star CCM+7.02.011 and CFX.Frozen rotor and fully unsteady calculations of the whole pump have been performed.Comparisons between numerical results,previous experimental PIV results and new probe traverses one's are presented and discussed for one mass flow rate.In this respect,a first attempt to take into account fluid leakages between the rotating and fixed part of the pump has been checked since it may affects the real flow structure inside the diffuser.

基于PumpLinx的两型滑片泵高原性能仿真研究

为了研究高原环境下滑片泵流量减少的原因,进行了进口绝对压力对滑片泵内部流动特性的影响研究。采用专业的运动模拟软件PumpLinx对两型滑片泵内部流场进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明:随着进口绝对压力的降低,在各个转速情况下,滑片泵内的空化范围越大,含气率越高,空化越严重,导致滑片泵的流量不断减少,并且下降的幅度越来越大。在相同的进口压力情况下,滑片泵转速越高,滑片泵里面的空化范围越大,含气率越高,空化越严重。

EXPERIENCE WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST IMPELLER PUMPS (Design and Construction)

Basic problems in the design and construction of impeller pumps were analysed with appropriate equations. Attention was focused on the reduction of the velocity variations. Newton shear, Renolds shear, velocity distributions, stream surfaces were discussed pertaining to axial, radial and mixed-flow impellers. Practical experience of the fabrication of impeller pumps based on the equations exposed was presented with illustrations. Advantages of such pumps are remarkable energy saving, obvious miniaturization and sensible reduction of hemolysis. Careful modifications were carried out on many points among them: impiller form, vane angle, stream surface polish, magnet-ferrofluid friction free seal, rotor concentricity and its rotational equilibrium, the pre-rotational swirl of blood flow at the pump inlet, all must be treated carefully following the theoretical require ments. The soundness of the design and the practical feasibility of the proposed equations have resulted in impeller pumps with encouraging preliminary results.

导叶安装角度对离心泵叶轮结构特性的影响

为提高带导叶蜗壳式离心泵的运行稳定性,研究了不同导叶安装角度对离心泵性能及叶轮结构力学响应的影响.以某带导叶蜗壳泵为研究对象,首先对其进行流场数值模拟,再通过静态和瞬态结构分析模块将水压力载荷导入叶轮结构,以实现单向流固耦合分析,研究不同导叶安装角度下叶轮变形与等效应力变化规律,最后通过模态分析研究叶轮结构的振动特性.结果表明:随着导叶安装角度减小,泵的高效区向小流量工况偏移,并且最高效率逐渐增大,最大提高2.1%;单向流固耦合分析得到的稳态结果与瞬态结果规律一致,其中叶轮最大变形量和最大等效应力值都随流量的增大而减小,在设计工况附近,都随导叶安装角度的减小而减小,最大差值为3.3%,且最大等效应力值变化的幅值较小;预应力对叶轮干模态固有频率的影响可忽略不计,与干模态对比,湿模态下的固有频率有较显著下降.

基于AMESim的新型变排量机油泵建模与仿真研究

以一种新型叶片柱塞复合形式的二级变量叶片泵为研究对象,其主要特点是将叶片顶端嵌入到定子中,转子、叶片、定子同时转动,减小了高速时的叶片冲击。推导叶片柱塞复合作用下泵的瞬时流量特性公式。基于AMESim仿真平台搭建比例电磁阀、瞬时流量、变量机构模型,并对二级变量叶片泵特性进行仿真,并通过台架试验进行相关验证。实验结果表明:该泵在中低速下压力-流量曲线吻合较好,说明流量和变排量建模准确;加减速曲线说明泵在比例阀不同占空比时,压力调节具有稳定性。

改变导叶翼型对水泵水轮机“S”特性的影响

针对水泵水轮机“S”特性区域的不稳定性问题,提出使用改型活动导叶翼型进行性能提升.以某水泵水轮机模型为研究对象,采用SST k-ω湍流模型对水泵水轮机全流道进行三维数值计算,通过对活动导叶翼型的改型设计,得出流量-转速模拟曲线,分析水泵水轮机组“S”特性改善情况.将计算与试验结果进行对比,并对改型活动导叶翼型前后机组的无叶区进行压力脉动分析.结果表明:在保证整体效率依然保持在92%附近的前提下,新的活动导叶翼型对机组的“S”特性依旧具有改善效果;无叶区压力脉动主要是受到活动导叶叶栅区域的分流在此重新聚集影响,并且与转轮叶片的动静相互扰动引起的;改型后的活动导叶降低了无叶区的压力脉动幅值,提升了水泵水轮机运行中的并网稳定性.

沙集泵站改造叶轮选型及流道改形研究

针对沙集泵站空化汽蚀较为严重,在工程加固改造时主体结构不变,无法通过降低站房底板增加叶轮淹没深度,从而提高空化性能的实际问题,采用计算流体动力学CFD方法,考虑泵站进口不同水位,对水泵装置全流道内部流动进行数值分析,研究水泵空化和能量特性。小幅降低叶轮中心高程,不仅未能减小空化范围,反而降低了泵装置效率,不宜采用。通过优选水泵水力模型、降速、增径并适当修整流道等方法,在保证泵装置能量性能的前提下,提高水泵空化性能。结果表明,采用方案一:叶轮直径增至1.68 m,转速降至250 r/min,基本消除了叶片进水边附近的附着空化,同时能够满足泵站特征水位组合下的流量和效率。成果也可用于类似泵站的设计和机组的选型。

基于数据驱动的离心泵轴承特征分析及寿命预测

离心泵是工业中能量转换和流体输送的核心设备,其部件滚动轴承的可靠性对整个机组的安全运行尤为关键。为了解决目前滚动轴承寿命预测问题,对滚动轴承剩余寿命的最佳预测方案进行了研究。首先,从数据驱动和试验出发,利用试验台采集所得的离心泵轴承正常及故障状态下的数据,分析了时域、频域、时频域各特征在不同工况中的表现差异,发现了时域特征、频域特征、小波包分解能量特征、完全自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)能量特征可以捕捉到不同工况下的故障信息;然后,以单调性、趋势性指标加权分数为依据,结合特征的敏感性分析结果,优选出了轴承在全寿命周期中表现突出的12个特征,经核主成分分析(KPCA)-长短期记忆网络(LSTM)降维处理后,构建出了能够表征离心泵轴承退化过程的一维特征量;最后,对比分析了LSTM网络、反向传播(BP)网络和卷积神经(CNN)网络的预测效果。研究结果表明:LSTM网络的均方根误差(RMSE)为0.402,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)为0.332,预测精度在三者中最好,模型平均训练时间为12.6 s,可见LSTM网络在预测精度及模型训练时间上更具优势。

叶轮与导叶宽度匹配参数对LNG泵压力脉动特性的影响研究

应用CFD技术研究了叶轮和导叶宽度匹配设计对LNG潜液泵压力脉动特性影响,进行了宽度匹配设计,采用K-epsilon湍流模型进行了多工况数值模拟,引入无量纲参数R(导叶进口宽度/叶轮出口宽度)进行结果分析,分析验证了泵的外特性,得到了LNG泵的时、频域压力脉动特性等。结果表明:压力脉动主频为叶轮的叶频,次频为其倍频。时域峰值与监测点处的相对位置有关,相对于交界面越近,时域峰值越大。压力脉动幅值随R增加先减小后增大,存在最佳宽度匹配方案使得泵压力脉动峰值降低。

基于动态边界的双吸离心泵叶片渐进磨损及泵性能预测

过流边界形态随磨损时间的变化对客观真实地反映双吸离心泵磨损特性及磨损形貌至关重要。采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法,配合磨损壁面几何重构的动态边界法,对黄河平均含沙量及粒径下甘肃省景泰川泵站双吸离心泵进行固液两相流计算,结合实验数据,预测了该泵叶片渐进磨损特性,分析了叶片磨损机理及壁面几何形貌变化对泵性能影响。结果表明:以冲击角函数最大值对应冲击角α_0为阈值,小于α_0磨损形貌呈类圆形凹坑,大于α_0磨损形貌呈沟槽状,冲击角在50°~75°范围且冲击速度高的叶片区域磨损率大,叶片磨损程度严重;根据该泵水力性能损失率变化特性,将预测期划分为3个阶段,磨损率在初期增长率最大,但在数量级上远小于中、后期,使前1000 h磨损阶段扬程损失率、效率损失率、叶片质量损失率均小于其他阶段;上述3个参数的增长均呈初期慢、中期快、后期减缓的趋势,最大增长率均在磨损中期,参数变化曲线斜率分别为1.51×10^(-3)、1.97×10^(-3)、4.12×10^(-3),在1000~6000 h磨损时长范围内,磨损导致双吸离心泵性能下降最快。

超大扬程变幅大型导叶式混流泵选型研究

浙江省杭州市九溪排涝泵站,装设有6台大型导叶式混流泵,单机流量50 m^(3)/s,单台电动机功率10000 kW,为国内目前在建单机流量最大的导叶式混流泵。水泵受上游来水和下游钱塘江潮位的影响,扬程变化幅度很大,最低扬程1.71 m,设计扬程14.0 m,最高扬程15.4 m。为保证泵组在超大扬程变化范围内保持安全稳定运行,结合九溪泵站建筑物布置和运行情况,充分利用下游挡潮闸提高最低扬程,详细分析比较全调节和变频调节对优化低扬程运行工况的作用,并采取综合措施提高泵组结构设计刚强度,从多角度对泵组运行工况和选型方案进行优化分析,并提出泵组变频调节和运行优化建议,为类似泵站提供参考。

喷嘴导流片对喷水推进泵性能的影响

本文提出减少径向高度和导流片环绕导流锥分布这2种喷嘴导流片结构,通过DES-FEM耦合的方法研究了喷嘴导流片对喷水推进泵推力及噪声性能的影响。结果表明,随着喷嘴导流片径向高度减少,喷水推进泵推力增大0.61%,流量略微增大而扭矩略微降低,内流噪声主频仍为导叶叶频但幅值降低2.43%,总声压级略微升高;导流片环绕导流锥分布时,喷水推进泵推力提高1.03%,流量增大0.76%,扭矩提高,声压级主频处幅值降低2.05%,总声压级降低,内流噪声主频由导叶偏移至叶轮处,但两者声压级幅值差异较小;各方案频谱中均存在叶轮叶频谐频;内流噪声能量主要集中在中低频段。

滚柱式叶片泵凹槽腔内流场分析

通过使用流体仿真软件ANSYS/Fluent,采用动网格的方式,在滚柱自转速度为13589 r/min时,对滚柱式叶片泵凹槽腔内的流场特性进行仿真分析。滚柱在凹槽腔内缩回和伸出运动分别对应排油和吸油状态,主要阐明了滚柱在这两种运动状态下,凹槽腔内流场的压力与速度矢量的变化情况。

导叶安放位置对离心泵蜗壳水力损失影响的数值研究

针对导叶安放位置对蜗壳水力损失影响的问题,对不同导叶安放位置下离心泵水动力特性进行了数值分析,并加以试验验证。首先,选取了5组不同的导叶安放位置,并开展了外特性试验以验证数值模拟结果的准确性;其次,基于数值模拟结果,分析了导叶安放位置对过流部件总压降变化的影响规律;然后,采用回转面展开的方式,研究了不同导叶位置下蜗壳进口来流条件变化,分析了导叶位置对蜗壳来流的影响;最后,分析蜗壳流道由进口至出口的总压变化规律,结合流场分布分析了导叶位置对蜗壳水力损失影响规律。研究结果表明:不同导叶位置下离心泵扬程和效率最大差异分别约为4.8%和3.5%;受蜗壳出口段漩涡影响严重,蜗壳水力损失变化明显高于其他部件;在θd 4位置时,出口段漩涡影响最小,蜗壳水力损失显著下降;隔舌位于导叶流道中间位置时,蜗壳来流均匀,蜗壳水力损失显著下降,泵性能更优。

空间导叶出口宽度变化对潜水泵性能的影响

为研究空间导叶出口宽度变化对潜水泵水力性能的影响,以200QJ-32-56型潜水泵为研究对象,保持导叶其他参数不变,通过改变空间导叶出口外径,将导叶出口宽度在轴面投影图中设计了5个水力方案,并基于雷诺时均方程N-S方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型,对5种导叶方案的水力模型进行全流场非定常计算。计算结果表明:导叶出口宽度d4=14 mm时为最佳设计方案,在设计流量32 m3/h模型泵的扬程为56.56 m,效率为68.14%,增大或减小出口宽度模型泵整体性能都会下降;导叶出口宽度设计得当能够有效提高导叶内压强分布的均匀性,降低湍动能并减小水力损失,同时改善下一级叶轮的入流条件,从而提升了整泵的水力性能。