The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of concentration of different growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins) on growth and development of banana shoot tips cultured in vitro. Explants were taken from y...The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of concentration of different growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins) on growth and development of banana shoot tips cultured in vitro. Explants were taken from young suckers of field grown plants of var. “Yangambi”. The shoot tips were cultured on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/l) with or without IAA at concentration of 0.34 mg/l. At the rooting phase, the media was supplemented with different concentrations of IBA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l) with or without BAP at concentration of 0.2 mg/l. The results indicated that 6.0 mg/l BAP significantly increased the number of shoots formed and the interaction of 6 mg/l BAP with 0.35 mg/l IAA significantly increased the fresh weight. For rooting, 2.0 mg/l IBA was more efficient in number and length of roots produced than all other treatments.展开更多
金融稳定需要防范和化解金融市场之间的风险传染。与以往文献只是探究两个市场的风险传染不同,本文利用高维VAR for VaR模型将中国的汇市、债市、大宗商品、金融期货和股市等五个金融市场纳入统一框架,分析这5个金融市场在不同状态的风...金融稳定需要防范和化解金融市场之间的风险传染。与以往文献只是探究两个市场的风险传染不同,本文利用高维VAR for VaR模型将中国的汇市、债市、大宗商品、金融期货和股市等五个金融市场纳入统一框架,分析这5个金融市场在不同状态的风险溢出效应,这有助于捕捉冲击在不同金融市场之间传播而产生的间接影响。Wald检验和后验分析表明5个市场间只在危机或泡沫状态时存在明显的风险溢出效应。同时,本文利用压力测试发现单个市场的短期冲击影响会被其他金融市场如股市消化吸收,但4个金融市场都处于正常状态会明显降低其他金融市场如股市的左尾风险。此外,本文提出利用单个金融市场在同一时点的不同分位数计算每个金融市场在同一时点的预期收益、波动风险和崩盘风险,这种做法的好处在于结果更加稳健以及减轻极端值的影响。在此基础上,本文进一步探究金融市场间是否能够对冲彼此的波动风险和崩盘风险。结果显示大宗商品市场和金融期货市场能够有效地对冲其他金融市场的波动风险和崩盘风险,但汇市、债市和股市无法对冲其他金融市场的波动风险和崩盘风险。展开更多
文章基于我国2000~2022年中国31个省级的面板数据,建立向量自回归模型,运用格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数分析与方差分解等方法研究了技术创新、能源消耗与劳动者报酬三者之间的动态交互机制。实证结果表明:技术创新、能源消耗与劳动者...文章基于我国2000~2022年中国31个省级的面板数据,建立向量自回归模型,运用格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数分析与方差分解等方法研究了技术创新、能源消耗与劳动者报酬三者之间的动态交互机制。实证结果表明:技术创新、能源消耗与劳动者报酬三者的发展水平高度依赖自身,同时能源消耗与劳动者报酬之间存在明显的替代效应,而技术创新水平受到能源消耗与劳动者报酬的双重影响。This article is based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2022, and establishes a VAR model. The dynamic interaction mechanism between technological innovation, energy consumption, and labor compensation is studied using methods such as Granger causality test, impulse response function analysis, and variance decomposition. The empirical results indicate that the development level of technological innovation, energy consumption, and labor remuneration highly depends on themselves. At the same time, there is a clear substitution effect between energy consumption and labor remuneration, and the level of technological innovation is also influenced by the dual effects of energy consumption and labor remuneration.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of concentration of different growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins) on growth and development of banana shoot tips cultured in vitro. Explants were taken from young suckers of field grown plants of var. “Yangambi”. The shoot tips were cultured on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/l) with or without IAA at concentration of 0.34 mg/l. At the rooting phase, the media was supplemented with different concentrations of IBA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l) with or without BAP at concentration of 0.2 mg/l. The results indicated that 6.0 mg/l BAP significantly increased the number of shoots formed and the interaction of 6 mg/l BAP with 0.35 mg/l IAA significantly increased the fresh weight. For rooting, 2.0 mg/l IBA was more efficient in number and length of roots produced than all other treatments.
文摘金融稳定需要防范和化解金融市场之间的风险传染。与以往文献只是探究两个市场的风险传染不同,本文利用高维VAR for VaR模型将中国的汇市、债市、大宗商品、金融期货和股市等五个金融市场纳入统一框架,分析这5个金融市场在不同状态的风险溢出效应,这有助于捕捉冲击在不同金融市场之间传播而产生的间接影响。Wald检验和后验分析表明5个市场间只在危机或泡沫状态时存在明显的风险溢出效应。同时,本文利用压力测试发现单个市场的短期冲击影响会被其他金融市场如股市消化吸收,但4个金融市场都处于正常状态会明显降低其他金融市场如股市的左尾风险。此外,本文提出利用单个金融市场在同一时点的不同分位数计算每个金融市场在同一时点的预期收益、波动风险和崩盘风险,这种做法的好处在于结果更加稳健以及减轻极端值的影响。在此基础上,本文进一步探究金融市场间是否能够对冲彼此的波动风险和崩盘风险。结果显示大宗商品市场和金融期货市场能够有效地对冲其他金融市场的波动风险和崩盘风险,但汇市、债市和股市无法对冲其他金融市场的波动风险和崩盘风险。
文摘文章基于我国2000~2022年中国31个省级的面板数据,建立向量自回归模型,运用格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数分析与方差分解等方法研究了技术创新、能源消耗与劳动者报酬三者之间的动态交互机制。实证结果表明:技术创新、能源消耗与劳动者报酬三者的发展水平高度依赖自身,同时能源消耗与劳动者报酬之间存在明显的替代效应,而技术创新水平受到能源消耗与劳动者报酬的双重影响。This article is based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2022, and establishes a VAR model. The dynamic interaction mechanism between technological innovation, energy consumption, and labor compensation is studied using methods such as Granger causality test, impulse response function analysis, and variance decomposition. The empirical results indicate that the development level of technological innovation, energy consumption, and labor remuneration highly depends on themselves. At the same time, there is a clear substitution effect between energy consumption and labor remuneration, and the level of technological innovation is also influenced by the dual effects of energy consumption and labor remuneration.