DISPLACEMENT CONTROL AND KINETIC ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR FOR AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONER

A novel variable displacement compressor (VDC) for automotive air conditioner (AAC) is introduced, which inherits the advantages of common wobble plate type VDC. It has fewer parts and makes less noise, and instead of pneumatic valve the displacement is controlled by electronic control valve. In order to know the control mechanism well and get a good control effect, a mathematical model for the variable displacement mechanism is developed according to the geometrical and kinematical information of the compressor. Using the model, the effect of relevant parameters on variable displace control is estimated. It is helpful to make the optimum decision in the flow control of AAC. As the novel displacement control device, the structure and control rule of electronic control valve is introduced. It can get better effect than the conventional pneumatic valves. And by using this new electronic control device, the optimum systemic control of AAC is available.

APPROACH FOR LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION OF TRUSS STRUCTURES WITH DISCRETE VARIABLES UNDER DYNAMIC STRESS, DISPLACEMENT AND STABILITY CONSTRAINTS

A mathematical model was developed for layout optimization of truss structures with discrete variables subjected to dynamic stress, dynamic displacement and dynamic stability constraints. By using the quasi-static method, the mathematical model of structure optimization under dynamic stress, dynamic displacement and dynamic stability constraints were transformed into one subjected to static stress, displacement and stability constraints. The optimization procedures include two levels, i.e., the topology optimization and the shape optimization. In each level, the comprehensive algorithm was used and the relative difference quotients of two kinds of variables were used to search the optimum solution. A comparison between the optimum results of model with stability constraints and the optimum results of model without stability constraint was given. And that shows the stability constraints have a great effect on the optimum solutions.

Approximate analysis method for displacement responses of structures with active variable stiffness systems

The performance of structures with active variable stiffness (AVS) systems exhibits strong nonlinearity due to the variety with time of the stiffness of each storey unit,in which the AVS system is installed.Hence,the classical dynamic analysis method for linear structures,such as the mode-superposition method,is not applicable to structures with AVS systems.In this paper,an approximate analysis method is proposed for displacement responses of structures with AVS systems.Firstly,an equivalent relationship between single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structures equipped with AVS systems and so-called fictitious linear structures is established.Then,an approximate mode-superposition (AMS) method is presented for multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures equipped with AVS systems.The accuracy of this method is investigated through extensive parametrical study using different types of earthquake excitations,and some modification is made to the method. Numerical calculation results indicate that the modified AMS method is effective for estimating the maximum displacements relative to the ground and the maximum interstorey drifts of MDOF structures equipped with AVS systems.

A New Type of Continuously Variable Displacement Mechanism Used for Hydraulic Motors

A continuously variable displacement mechanism, which is composed of a hydraulic control valve with mechanical-positional feedback to camshaft, was designed for changing the displacement of traditional camshaft connecting-rod low speed high torque (LSHT) hydraulic motor continuously. The new type of continuously variable displacement mechanism is simple and easy to be made. The structure and principle of a continuously variable displacement mechanism was introduced. The mathematic model of the continuously variable displacement mechanism was set up and its static and dynamic characteristics were analyzed with the help of computer simulation. It can be seen that the cam ring on camshaft of the traditional LSHT hydraulic motor can stop at any position between minimum and maximum eccentricity, according to an input fluid pressure signal. And it can also stay anywhere stably through self-adjusting. Besides, it can work stabilized when load impact or oil leakage exists.

A METHOD FOR TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURES WITH DISCRETE VARIABLES UNDER DYNAMIC STRESS AND DISPLACEMENT CONSTRAINTS

A method for topological optimization of structures with discrete variables subjected to dynamic stress and displacement constraints is presented. By using the quasistatic method, the structure optimization problem under dynamic stress and displacement constraints is converted into one subjected to static stress and displacement constraints. The comprehensive algorithm for topological optimization of structures with discrete variables is used to find the optimum solution.

Hydro-mechanical Transmit Performance Analysis for a Continuously Variable Transmission

Based on an exact CAD model of hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission （HMCVT） gearbox which can transmit 180 horsepower, virtual prototype of the HMCVT was built. Revolution speed of shafts, gears and clutches of the HMCVT were calibrated by using results obtained by theoretical calculation and test methods. The needed power and torques of both mechanical power input shaft and hydropower input shaft were calculated by simulation. Hydraulic power distributing ratio and power flow of the system was also studied. The analysis results showed that cycle power was produced inevitably when the output shaft speed of HMCVT change smoothly during mechanical and hydraulic working state HM1 to HM4, and the instantaneous maximum cycle power was 39.5%. Then the overall transmission efficiency of HMCVT was studied, and the maximum overall efficiency of the system was about 87%. The results of the studies gave references to select suited engine and variable displacement pump for the HMCVT, and to develop rational speed control strategies for the HMCVT by changing displacement ratio of variable displacement pump.

A numerical study of comparison of two one-state-variable,rate-and state-dependent friction evolution laws

The two one-state-variable, rate- and state-dependent friction laws, i.e., the slip and slowness laws, are com- pared on the basis of dynamical behavior of a one-degree-of-freedom spring-slider model through numerical simulations. Results show that two （normalized） model parameters, i.e., A （the normalized characteristic slip distance） and β-α （the difference in two normalized parameters of friction laws）, control the solutions. From given values of △, β, and α, for the slowness laws, the solution exists and the unique non-zero fixed point is stable when △〉（β-α）, yet not when △ 〈（β-α）. For the slip law, the solution exists for large ranges of model parameters and the number and stability of the non-zero fixed points change from one case to another. Results suggest that the slip law is more appropriate for controlling earthquake dynamics than the slowness law.

Inverse design and realization of an optical cavity-based displacement transducer with arbitrary responses

Optical cavity has long been critical for a variety of applications ranging from precise measurement to spectral analysis.A number of theories and methods have been successful in describing the optical response of a stratified optical cavity,while the inverse problem,especially the inverse design of a displacement sensitive cavity,remains a significant challenge due to the cost of computation and comprehensive performance requirements.This paper reports a novel inverse design methodology combining the characteristic matrix method,mixed-discrete variables optimization algorithm,and Monte Carlo method-based tolerance analysis.The material characteristics are indexed to enable the mixed-discrete variables optimization,which yields considerable speed and efficiency improvements.This method allows arbitrary response adjustment with technical feasibility and gives a glimpse into the analytical characterization of the optical response.Two entirely different light-displacement responses,including an asymmetric sawtooth-like response and a highly symmetric response,are dug out and experimentally achieved,which fully confirms the validity of the method.The compact Fabry-Perot cavities have a good balance between performance and feasibility,making them promising candidates for displacement transducers.More importantly,the proposed inverse design paves the way for a universal design of optical cavities,or even nanophotonic devices.

不同来流条件下新型变桨风力机叶片结构动力响应分析

针对1.5 kW分布式新型变桨风力机,通过数值模拟方法计算均匀来流和切变来流条件下的结构动力响应,分析桨距角、风速、剪切指数变化对新型变桨风力机叶片结构动力响应特性的影响规律。结果表明:随着桨距角的增加,风力机叶片的应力响应及位移响应明显降低,且来流风速或剪切指数越大,其降幅越大;在切变来流条件下,风力机叶片所受应力响应和位移响应均随剪切指数的增加而增加;在复杂风况下变桨距调节方式对于叶片降载具有可行性,同时可为分布式风力机在复杂风况下的结构及性能优化提供参考。

桡骨远端C1型骨折三种内固定方式的有限元分析

背景:桡骨远端C1型骨折属于关节内不稳定型骨折,治疗上存在较大的难度。目前对桡骨远端骨折不同内固定接骨板的临床研究较少,缺乏多种内固定接骨板的生物力学对比研究,在内固定接骨板的选用上仍存在争议。目的:通过有限元分析法比较不同内固定接骨板在桡骨远端C1型骨折治疗中的生物力学特性。方法:使用一名健康女性志愿者的桡骨模型,顺序导入Mimics 21.0、Geomagic Wrap 2017、Solid Works 2021等软件进行处理,制作桡骨远端C1型骨折模型。根据厂家提供的接骨板数据,分别建立桡骨远端掌侧斜T形锁定板、桡骨远端掌侧蝶形锁定板、桡骨远端掌侧万向锁定板和螺钉的三维模型,并且和骨折模型进行装配,在ANSYS 19.0中赋予材料属性,设定各接触面相互作用关系并定义载荷及边界条件,模拟其腕关节压缩、背弯、掌屈和扭转等4种载荷工况,比较其生物力学性能。结果与结论:①3组内固定模型在4种载荷工况下,内固定模型整体位移主要集中在桡骨远端关节面上;模型在背弯、掌屈和扭转载荷工况下的最大位移是轴向载荷下位移的2-6倍,表明轴向载荷工况下内固定系统最稳定;②内固定上的应力远大于骨折块上的应力,内固定物应力主要集中于接骨板在骨折断端附近区域,其中万向锁定板和蝶形锁定板应力分布较为均匀,斜T形锁定板应力集中现象最为明显;③在压缩和扭转载荷下,骨折块的应力主要集中在螺钉孔周围,掌屈和背伸载荷下则是从桡骨远端向近端逐步扩展;在同样的载荷工况下,斜T形锁定板固定状态下骨折块应力最大,万向锁定板固定系统骨折块所受应力峰值最低,蝶形锁定板与万向锁定板固定状态下的骨折块峰值应力仅仅相差0.2-6.0 MPa;④相比于斜T形锁定板和蝶形锁定板,万向锁定板在桡骨远端C1型骨折内固定中应力分布更均匀,固定模型关节面位移更小、稳定性更佳。

伺服电机驱动变量柱塞泵试验台研发

针对伺服电机驱动变量柱塞泵的控制研究,对相关试验平台进行设计,根据控制方案对液压系统和电气系统硬件进行了搭建;利用PLC编程软件,开发了用于控制输出的程序以及用于部分传感器数据采集的程序。同时,在LabVIEW平台上编写了包括控制逻辑、PID控制算法以及数据采集的程序,形成了适用于试验平台的上位机用户界面。通过OPC通信协议实现了PLC与LabVIEW之间的数据交互,确保了控制系统的完整性和协同工作能力。

一种确定吸振器最优阻尼的新型方法

采用独立完备振动变量,推导正弦谐波扰动力作用下2自由度系统主质量的四参数通用位移振幅放大倍数。为使最大的位移振幅放大倍数取得最小值,运用洛必达第一法则,统一求解3种阻尼动力吸振器的最优阻尼比。最大的位移振幅放大倍数与阻尼比构成V字型关系。以固定点的有解析式的极大值近似代替无解析式的最大值,相对误差为0.266 8%至1.806 8%。

基于表面与深部位移相协同的滑坡分级预警方法

针对滑坡分级预警方法准确率低、预警重复率高、不具有普适性的问题,基于滑坡过程中位移演化的统计学特征,利用正态性检验原理,建立基于表面位移与深部位移信息相结合的滑面超前辨识与滑坡分级预警方法。对表面位移速度、表面位移加速度、深部位移错动量进行正态性检验,由此判断滑坡启动、滑坡加速和滑坡加加速的三级预警时间,通过工程实例验证了三级预警时间的准确性、推断的滑面位置的合理性。研究结论可丰富滑坡预警理论及方法,提高预警精度,为露天矿边坡工程设计提供参考。

高桩码头结构安全监测预警模型及工程应用

高桩码头结构在服役期内会出现不同程度的损伤,导致码头结构安全性降低。为保证码头长期安全运行,可通过实时监测确定码头运行状态并及时预警。提出一种高桩码头结构安全监测预警模型,采用不同结构状态的设计控制值作为不同级别的预警阈值,每级预警阈值对应不同的风险程度,针对不同级别的预警提出相应处置措施。将该预警模型应用于南京港某高桩码头的安全监测,对可变荷载作用下码头结构位移和桩基应变进行实时监测,并计算设置码头结构位移和桩基应变三级安全预警阈值。结果表明,码头安全预警阈值的设置及安全告警的应对措施科学有效,实现了码头结构全工况整体技术状态评估和安全预警。

基于复变函数理论的无中导连拱隧道应力与位移解析解

无中导连拱隧道由于后行洞衬砌搭接于先行洞衬砌拱腰之上,围岩与衬砌受力情况复杂,开展相应的围岩与衬砌应力和位移分析具有重要的工程意义。基于复变函数理论和Schwarz交替法,提出了深埋条件下考虑衬砌的无中导连拱隧道围岩与衬砌应力和变形的计算方法。针对无中导连拱隧道两洞具有共用边界的特点,在利用柯西积分法进行求解时,将单洞衬砌与围岩接触的边界积分条件转化为仅存在单洞时的完整边界积分与共用边界积分之差,对于Schwarz交替法中求解“附加面力”的过程亦进行类似处理。给出共用边界应力与位移的计算方法。通过算例,将上述解析结果和数值仿真结果进行对比,证明了方法的可行性和准确性。

深层页岩天然裂缝群发育下缝网压裂优化方法——以川南地区LH-7井为例

川南地区深层页岩气区块天然裂缝发育情况变化较大,压裂期间容易发生滤失严重、井间压窜等现象,对页岩气井缝网压裂效果存在显著影响。开展深层页岩地层天然裂缝群影响下的压裂缝网扩展模拟,并根据天然裂缝群特征针对性地进行缝网压裂参数优化,减少天然裂缝群造成的不利影响,有助于改善压裂效果,降低施工风险,提高气井最终采收率。文中构建了深层页岩天然裂缝群发育下的压裂缝网扩展模型,以川南地区LH-7井为例,绘制了天然裂缝群发育井段压裂优化设计系列图版,提出了裂缝发育井段压裂参数优化设计流程。该井采用压裂液变黏变排量缝网压裂设计,压裂液总量增多0.75%,缝网体积扩大14%,缝网建造效率提高13%,优化效果显著。

变排量液压马达旋转驱动系统角位移控制技术

变排量液压马达旋转驱动系统具有效率高、响应快、高负载匹配性、低功率需求等优势,能够大幅提高飞机液压旋转驱动系统的效率。为实现对变排量液压马达旋转驱动系统的精确控制,需开展系统角位移控制技术研究。建立了系统的数学模型,搭建了AMESim仿真模型,分析了系统的运动特性及频域控制特性,提出了由排量回路、转速回路和角位移回路组成的三闭环串级控制方案,研究了不同控制参数对系统控制特性的影响。研究结果表明,双闭环控制无法满足旋转驱动系统的稳定条件,三闭环控制引入转速负反馈克服了双闭环控制中角位移对转速的正反馈效应,增大了位置回路的阻尼,能实现系统稳定控制。同时研制了原理样机并进行了测试验证,测试数据表明,三闭环控制方案能实现旋转驱动系统高精度位置控制,为变量马达在飞机液压旋转驱动系统中的应用提供了参考。

变排量注替防漏固井技术在KS区块储层的应用

针对塔里木油田库车山前储层埋藏深、地层复杂、裂缝发育,安全密度窗口窄,对环空压力变化极为敏感,在固井施工过程中易发生井漏,导致整体固井质量较差,严重影响后期生产的问题。通过对现有传统固井工艺的主要技术特点和应用特点进行分析,基于塞流固井工艺的特点,提出了变排量固井工艺,进行了适应性评价,并提出了相应的固井设计方法。变排量固井设计包括雷诺数计算、流态判别、变排量施工参数设计、变排量施工对环空流体性能要求。现场应用实践表明:采用变排量注替防漏固井技术能有效地节约施工时间,降低施工风险,防止井漏,提高顶替效率,解决库车山前储层尾管固井地层裂缝发育、固井安全密度窗口窄、地层承压能力低等难题。

锥形缸体轴向变量柱塞泵建模及动态特性仿真

柱塞泵是液压系统的重要部件之一,具有结构紧凑、工作压力高、效率高等特点,在工业领域有广泛应用.但是,由于我国液压技术的发展起步较晚,当前高端柱塞泵严重依赖进口,因而对柱塞泵进行研究、推动其自主生产具有重要价值.本文对柱塞泵进行了AMEsim仿真研究,试图为自主设计制造柱塞泵时关键参数的设置与结构优化提供一些指导.根据PD11V高压变量柱塞泵的结构特点和工作原理,本文分析计算了其锥形缸体结构柱塞泵柱塞的空间运动方程,对其中的关键零部件配流盘进行了过流面积计算,利用AMEsim仿真软件建立了九柱塞锥形缸体柱塞泵的仿真模型,然后仿真研究了不同斜盘倾角及电机转速对柱塞泵出口流量压力特性的影响.结果表明,适当减小斜盘倾角并选择合适的电机转速可以减小泵运行过程中的噪声.最后,本文根据变量机构伺服控制回路原理进行了AMEsim建模与仿真,将电气正流量恒功率压力切断控制模型各部分的仿真结果与实测参数进行了对比,结果表明输出控制特性曲线符合变量机构的设计和功能要求,验证了仿真模型的准确性.

可靠性驱动下的机械元动作单元变论域自适应模糊PID振动控制系统研究

机械元动作装配单元可靠性是整机功能可靠性的重要构成,元动作单元工作过程中振动异常是导致其故障频发的重要因素。因此,采取有效的振动控制策略对降低元动作单元运行故障、提高单元可靠性和整机性能具有良好的工程意义。结合主动控制思想采用简易、精准的作动装置建立了一种智能的振动控制系统。为了提升控制系统中智能位移作动器的进给精度,设计了变论域自适应模糊PID控制器,并通过仿真分析了控制系统的可行性。仿真结果表明,变论域自适应模糊PID控制器下的系统响应具有极低的超调量、较少调整时间和趋于零的稳态误差。此项研究为提高机械产品使用可靠性提供了一种新的振动控制技术手段。