The performance analysis and calculation for variable frequency speed control motors with the rotor structure optimized

In the paper, the method to optimize the rotor structure in variable frequency speed control motors is introduced. The saturation and the skin effect are considered and 2D no-load and load electromagnetic field is calculated in finite elements for a variable frequency speed control motor before and after optimization. Finally, no-load current and operation performance before and after optimization are obtained and the two results are contrasted.

PRINCIPLE TO CLOSED LOOP CONTROL DIFFERENTIAL CYLINDER WITH DOUBLE SPEED VARIABLE PUMPS AND SINGLE LOOP CONTROL SIGNAL

To control the position of differential cylinder closed loop without usingany throttle elements, a flew idea that two speed variable pumps are used to compensate thenon-symmetric flow of differential cylinder is carried out. According to the leaking property of thesystem, a speed offset principle is also proposed to eliminate the cavitation and tension caused bythe leakage and condensation of oil, which makes the system be in the same state as a valvecontrolled circuit. This principle is explained theoretically and experimentally. Further therelationship that the pressures in cylinder chambers change with load and leakage, and therelationship between biasing speed and pre-load pressures in cylinder chambers are established. Theresearch has proved that the new system has similar technique features as those of controlled withservo valves, but due to the elimination of all the throttle lose the efficiency of system can beimproved greatly.

High Speed On/Off Valve Control Hydraulic Propeller

The work-class remotely-operated-underwater-vehicles（ROVs） are mainly driven by hydraulic propulsion system,and the effeciency of hydraulic propulsion system is an important performance index of ROVs.However,the efficiency of traditional hydraulic propulsion system controlled by throttle valves is too low.Therefore,in this paper,for small and medium ROVs,a novel propulsion system with higher efficiency based on high speed on/off valve control hydraulic propeller is proposed.To solve the conflict between large flow rate and high frequency response performance,a two-stage high speed on/off valve-motor unit with large flow rate and high response speed simultaneously is developed.Through theoretical analysis,an effective fluctuation control method and a novel pulse-width-pulse-frequency-modulation（PWPFM） are introduced to solve the conflict among inherently fluctuation,valve dynamic performance and system efficiency.A simulation model is established to evaluate the system performance.To prove the advantage of system in energy saving,and test the dynamic control performance of high speed on/off valve control propeller,a test setup is developed and a series of comparative experiments is completed.The smimulation and experiment results show that the two-stage high speed on/off valve has an excellent dynamic response performance,and can be used to realize high accuracy speed control.The experiment results prove that the new propulsion system has much more advantages than the traditional throttle speed regulation system in energy saving.The lowest efficiency is more than 40%.The application results on a ROV indicate that the high speed on/off valve control propeller system has good dynamic and steady-state control performances.Its transient time is only about 1 s-1.5 s,and steady-state error is less than 5%.Meanwhile,the speed fluctuation is small,and the smooth propeller speed control effect is obtained.On the premise of good propeller speed control performance,the proposed high speed on/off valve control propeller can improve the effeciency of ROV propulsion system significantly,and provides another attractive ROV propulsion system choice for engineers.

Energy modeling and optimization of building condenser water systems with all-variable speed pumps and tower fans:A case study

The emergence of building condenser water systems with all-variable speed pumps and tower fans allows for increased efficiency and flexibility of chiller plants in partial load operation but also increases the control complexity of condenser water systems.This study aims to develop an integrated modeling technique for evaluating and optimizing the energy performance of such a condenser water system.The proposed system model is based on the semi-physical semi-empirical chiller,pump,and cooling tower models,with capabilities of fully considering the hydraulic and thermal interactions in the condenser water loop,being solved analytically and much faster than iterative solvers and supporting the explicit optimization of the pump and tower fan frequency.A mathematical approach,based on the system model and constrained optimization technique,is subsequently established to evaluate the energy performance of a typical dual setpoint-based variable speed strategy and find its energy-saving potential and most efficient operation by jointly optimizing pumps and tower fans.An all-variable speed chiller plant from Wuhan,China,is used for a case study to validate the system model’s accuracy and explore its applicability.The results showed that the system model can accurately simulate the condenser water system’s performance under various operating conditions.By optimizing the frequencies of pumps and tower fans,the total system energy consumption can be reduced by 12%–13%compared to the fixed dual setpoint-based strategy with range and approach setpoints of 4℃and 2℃.In contrast,the energy-saving potential of optimizing the cooling tower sequencing is insignificant.A simple joint speed control method for optimizing the pumps and tower fans emerged,i.e.,the optimal pump and fan frequency are linearly correlated(if both are non-extremes)and depend on the chiller part load ratio only,irrespective of the ambient wet-bulb temperature and chilled water supply temperature.It was also found that the oversizing issue has further limited the energy-saving space of the studied system and results in the range and approach setpoints being inaccessible.The study’s findings can serve as references to the operation optimization of all-variable speed condenser water systems in the future.

基于径向基函数神经网络算法的高频转阀阀芯稳定性

针对伺服电机驱动高频转阀时受液动力矩变化影响造成高频输出精度下降的问题,以液压马达作为动力源,提出一种基于径向基函数神经网络算法的转阀阀芯转速控制策略。首先,搭建高频转阀阀芯转速控制系统的数学模型;其次根据数学模型在MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型,对不同算法作用下阀芯转速控制特性进行仿真分析;最后建立高频转阀转速控制系统实验台,对不同算法作用下阀芯转速控制特性进行实验研究和理论验证。结果表明:与常规PID控制方法相比,基于径向基函数神经网络的高频转阀转速控制策略转速控制系统阶跃响应所需调整时间最少为0.16 s,超调量小;三角波与正弦波转速跟踪误差均值下降最大值分别为46.51%、53.69%;6 MPa、10 MPa下,转速稳态误差均值分别下降34.92%、38.26%。径向基函数神经网络算法有效提高了高频转阀阀芯转速控制精度。

一种新型输出频率连续的交-交变频调速系统

针对传统交-交变频器功率器件多、控制复杂、功率因数低等缺点,在脉冲阻塞式交-交变频电路控制原理的基础上提出1种输出频率连续的交-交变频电路控制方法。首先给出三相输入三相输出和六相输入三相输出这2种交-交变频电路拓扑及其详细的工作原理。然后,搭建MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境下2种变频调速系统仿真模型进行仿真实验,仿真结果与理论分析相一致。最后,制作实验样机进行验证,实验结果证明了所提新型变频调速系统控制方法的有效性与可行性。

基于PLC的变频造纸机双闭环调速控制方法

为了提高变频造纸机的控制精度与稳定性,提出基于PLC的变频造纸机双闭环调速控制方法。首先,对变频造纸机的电机展开建模分析,为后续调速控制提供依据;其次,采用PLC技术设计变频造纸机控制系统,计算造纸机理想转速比,结合实际转速获得控制偏差,采用PI控制方式完成电流调节环节与转速调节环节的控制;最后,引入灰狼算法在变频造纸机双闭环调速控制目标函数的基础上优化PI控制参数,以此实现变频造纸机双闭环调速的优化控制。实验结果表明,在干扰环境中所提方法可高效、稳定地实现控制。

压缩空气储能发电频率特性分析

当前阶段,我国主要的电力来源是煤、石油和天然气这三种广泛使用的传统能源。未来,我国火电发电的量将在很长一段时间内保持下降的趋势,将会难以满足调峰以及调频的需求,因此,储能是解决电力供需平衡的有效手段。压缩空气储能是一种容量较大的储能技术,在压缩空气储能技术的背景下,研究了一种将液体作为驱动介质,利用高压压缩空气进行发电的方法。在系统中建立了压缩空气的热力学模型、液压马达的数学模型以及同步发电机的数学模型,并将这些模型在Simulink中进行仿真搭建,分析了储气罐压力和马达排量对于系统中马达转速的影响,并对这些参数进行设计选取,针对马达转速波动过大无法并网发电的问题,采取传统PID的方法来减小马达的转速波动,稳定系统的输出,保证发电机的平稳运行。

永磁同步电机变频调速系统动态解耦控制方法

常规的永磁同步电机变频调速系统解耦控制,主要采用系统反馈信号完成解耦控制,忽略了反馈信号的预测误差,导致解耦控制结果负荷响应幅值不够稳定.因此,提出永磁同步电机变频调速系统动态解耦控制方法.建立系统数学模型,在该模型中分离系统模式系数获取控制信号,对该信号进行优化处理,基于输出期望值计算预测误差,加权修正预测值,形成动态控制信号,分离有功-无功信号实现动态解耦控制.实验结果表明:所提方法应用后得出的动态解耦控制结果,表现出的负荷响应幅值较为稳定,满足了永磁同步电机变频调速系统的实际解耦控制需求.

考虑不对称转速边界约束的变速抽蓄机组综合惯量调频控制

当系统出现频率跌落时,变速抽蓄机组可大幅降低转速、迅速释放转子动能,从而为系统提供惯量支撑,但目前已有的调频方案未能有效发挥变速抽蓄机组的这一优势。为充分利用转子动能,提出一种考虑不对称转速边界约束的变速抽蓄机组综合惯量调频控制策略。首先,从变速抽蓄机组的有功支撑特性和不对称转速约束条件出发,得出适用于变速抽蓄机组的最优频率控制结构,该结构中包含两个时间常数不同的虚拟惯量控制环节。然后,分析各惯量控制环节的作用并整定相关参数。在此基础上,计及变速抽蓄机组运行特性与电力系统调频需求,设计了变速抽蓄机组不对称综合惯量控制策略,使得机组转速降低时可以为系统提供更大的惯量支撑。仿真结果表明,所提调频策略能够充分发挥变速抽蓄机组的优势,维持系统频率稳定。

煤矿井下水力压裂自动控制系统设计

分析指出目前煤矿井下水力压裂技术面临压裂泵输出压力和流量无法快速精确调节、远程安全监控效果及自动化水平有待提高等难题。设计了一种煤矿井下水力压裂自动控制系统。根据煤矿井下水力压裂工艺及系统构成,明确了控制系统关键技术为高压大流量压裂泵输出流量和压力的快速精确调节,远程高可靠性安全、高速实时监控,一键启停及图形化分析等。以KXH12本安型控制器为核心,搭配变频器、组合开关、监控主机、电动开度球阀等设备,以及光纤加CAN总线的双线冗余通信方案,研发了控制系统硬件,并编制了压裂泵控制器、水箱控制器及中央控制器软件,实现了压裂系统快速变流量注水、稳定保压及远程高速实时监控和报警等功能。在煤矿现场对水力压裂自动控制系统进行工业性试验,结果表明该系统压力控制精度为0.1 MPa,流量控制精度为0.1 m3/h,在连续完成14次压裂过程中,每次煤岩层开裂后均能实现较好的保压效果,且操作简单,安全性高,满足煤矿井下水力压裂工艺要求。

新川沙泵闸大型双向泵装置调速性能及试验

对于引水和排涝扬程相差较大的低扬程大型双向泵站,需兼顾双向运行工况下的水泵装置性能,有必要对该类泵站水泵装置性能及运行方式适配性进行研究。以目前国内引水规模最大的双向竖井贯流泵站新川沙泵闸为研究对象,进行水泵机组设计及性能调节研究。泵站引、排设计净扬程分别为0.68、2.79m,比较分析了不同调节方式下的水泵性能改善效果。通过CFD数值计算和装置模型试验验证了设计的合理性,并对不同转速下水泵的性能进行了测试。研究结果表明,在性能调节方面,变频变速调节效果优于叶片调节,对各种工况运行适用性更强;降速运行时,水泵装置整体效率略有下降,但降至0.8倍额定转速范围内,高效区效率仅下降1%左右。根据水泵性能测试结果,提出了不同扬程范围变速运行调节控制方案,可为今后大型双向泵站选型及运行调节方式提供借鉴。

风电场与多分布式变速抽水蓄能协同调频控制

针对单个变速抽蓄调频容量不足和风电场调频后转子转速恢复容易引发频率二次跌落的问题,提出一种风电场与多分布式变速抽水蓄能协同调频控制策略。首先,当电网发生频率事件时,该策略根据风电场风速和区域内多分布式变速抽水蓄能可调节容量对电网频率提供支撑。然后,针对风电调频后转子转速恢复过程容易引发系统频率二次跌落的问题,在风电转子转速恢复时通过多分布式变速抽蓄提供功率支撑来缓解系统频率二次跌落。最后,以含风电场与分布式变速抽蓄的四机两区域系统为例,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了所提控制策略相比风电场和多分布式变速抽水蓄能独立调频对于系统具有更好的调频效果。

Frequency Regulation of VSC-MTDC System with Offshore Wind Farms

Frequency regulation of voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system with offshore wind farms enhances the frequency stability by compensating the power for a disturbed AC system.However,it is difficult to reasonably allocate frequency-regulation resources due to a lack of coordination mechanisms between wind farms and the MTDC system.Moreover,it is difficult for the frequency control of the wind farms to manage changes in wind speed;and the risk of wind-turbine stalls is high.Thus,based on the kinetic energy of wind turbines and the power margin of the converters,the frequency-regulation capability of wind turbines is evaluated,and a dynamic frequency-support scheme considering the real-time frequency-support capability of the wind turbines and system frequency evolution is proposed to improve the frequency-support performance.A power adaptation technique at variable wind speeds is developed;the active power in the frequency-support stage and restoration stage is switched according to the wind speed.A hierarchical zoning frequency-regulation scheme is designed to use the frequency-regulation resources of different links in the MTDC system with wind farms.The simulation results show that the novel frequency-regulation strategy maintains frequency stability with wind-speed changes and avoids multiple frequency dips.

双馈变速恒频风电系统控制研究

文章以双馈异步电机为风力发电的变流器,分析了双馈式变速恒频风电系统在功率因数校正、电网电压畸变及无功补偿方面的控制策略,重点介绍了双馈变速恒频风电场系统,基于功率因数校正的控制方法分析了双馈异步发电机并网运行时电网电压畸变对风力发电系统运行稳定性和电能质量的影响,最后通过仿真验证了控制策略的正确性。仿真结果表明:文章提出的双馈变速恒频风电系统可以有效改善双馈异步电机并网运行时因电压畸变带来的性能下降问题。

变频调速技术在自动控制系统优化中的应用

阐述变频调速技术在机械自动化控制中的应用,包括深度指示器、等速段超速、减速段超速的应用,以及匀速电机超速的保护。针对系统稳定性、调速精度、可靠性方面的问题,提出优化措施。

Effective participation of wind turbines in frequency control of a two-area power system using coot optimization

In this paper,load frequency control is performed for a two-area power system incorporating a high penetration of renewable energy sources.A droop controller for a type 3 wind turbine is used to extract the stored kinetic energy from the rotating masses during sudden load disturbances.An auxiliary storage controller is applied to achieve effec-tive frequency response.The coot optimization algorithm(COA)is applied to allocate the optimum parameters of the fractional-order proportional integral derivative(FOPID),droop and auxiliary storage controllers.The fitness function is represented by the summation of integral square deviations in tie line power,and Areas 1 and 2 frequency errors.The robustness of the COA is proven by comparing the results with benchmarked optimizers including:atomic orbital search,honey badger algorithm,water cycle algorithm and particle swarm optimization.Performance assessment is confirmed in the following four scenarios:(i)optimization while including PID controllers;(ii)optimization while including FOPID controllers;(iii)validation of COA results under various load disturbances;and(iv)validation of the proposed controllers under varying weather conditions.

静态试验机的伺服调速液压控制系统设计

传统的伺服液压站是通过改变比例阀的开度来调整液压液输出压力的大小。这种方法会造成能源浪费,而且必须增加冷却散热装置。因此,针对静态或准静态的试验机,设计一个伺服调速液压控制系统。首先,分析静态试验机的伺服调速液压控制系统的结构;其次,介绍控制系统的主要硬件设计,包括DKZQ-1010智能伺服控制器的控制电路和接口设计;最后,阐述伺服调速液压控制系统的软件设计。

含定速与变速机组的抽水蓄能电站一次调频动态特性研究

鉴于含定速与变速机组的抽水蓄能电站安全、稳定、高效联合运行是充分发挥变速机组技术优势的关键,基于数值仿真方法,开展含定速与变速机组的抽水蓄能电站一次调频动态特性研究。首先建立含定速与变速机组的抽水蓄能电站一次调频仿真模型,然后分析定速与变速机组单独运行一次调频动态特性,最后分析定速与变速机组联合运行一次调频动态特性。结果表明,相同的调速器和变频器参数下,变速机组频率阶跃减的幅值越大,动态响应时间越长、速度越快;频率阶跃增幅值越大,动态响应时间越短、速度越快;定速与变速机组联合运行可提高定速机组的出力和有功功率动态响应速度及变速机组的出力动态响应速度,但对变速机组的有功功率动态响应速度的影响较小。

基于调速器-变频器协调控制的变速抽蓄机组一次调频研究

变速抽蓄机组可为保障高比例新能源电网频率安全稳定提供重要支撑,是抽水蓄能技术发展的重要方向。因此,开展了基于调速器-变频器协调控制的变速抽蓄机组一次调频研究,首先建立变速抽蓄机组仿真模型,然后分析基于协调控制的变速抽蓄机组一次调频特性,最后揭示基于协调控制的变速-定速抽蓄机组一次调频特性。结果表明,变速抽蓄机组调速器-变频器协调控制模式2下一次调频有功功率的响应速度明显快于控制模式1,调速器对一次调频导叶开度和转速振荡的抑制优于变频器、变频器对一次调频有功功率的调节速度明显快于调速器。变速抽蓄机组采用调速器-变频器协调控制模式1时的一次调频有功功率响应速度略慢于定速抽蓄机组、采用控制模式2时的一次调频有功功率响应速度明显快于定速抽蓄机组。