BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)virus has been a world-known pan-demic since February 2020.Multiple variances had been established;the most common variants in Israel were omicron and delta.AIM To anal...BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)virus has been a world-known pan-demic since February 2020.Multiple variances had been established;the most common variants in Israel were omicron and delta.AIM To analyze and compare laboratory values in the"omicron"and"delta"variants of the coronavirus by conducting follow-up examinations and laboratory audits on COVID-19 patients admitted to our institution.METHODS A retrospective study,two groups,50 patients in each group.Patients examined positive for COVID-19 were divided into groups according to the common variant at the given time.We reviewed demographic data and laboratory results such as complete blood count and full chemistry,including electrolytes and coagulation parameters.RESULTS The mean age was 52%,66.53±21.7 were female.No significance was found comparing laboratory results in the following disciplines:Blood count,hemo-globin,and lymphocytes(P=0.41,P=0.87,P=0.97).Omicron and delta variants have higher neutrophil counts,though they are not significantly different(P=0.38).Coagulation tests:Activated paritial thromoplastin test and international normalized ratio(P=0.72,P=0.68).We found no significance of abnormality for all electrolytes.CONCLUSION The study compares laboratory results of blood tests between two variants of the COVID-19 virus–omicron and delta.We found no significance between the variants.Our results show the need for further research with larger data as well as the need to compare all COVID-19 variants.展开更多
目的探讨新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株与Delta变异株感染患者临床及实验室特征。方法采用回顾性研究方法,收集2021年12月至2022年3月我院收治的Omicron变异株组(51例)与Delta变异株组(45例)感染者的临床资料,比较两组临床基线资料、胸部C...目的探讨新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株与Delta变异株感染患者临床及实验室特征。方法采用回顾性研究方法,收集2021年12月至2022年3月我院收治的Omicron变异株组(51例)与Delta变异株组(45例)感染者的临床资料,比较两组临床基线资料、胸部CT影像学的特征差异。结果两组各个年龄段均有发病,Omicron变异株组儿童及女性患者多于Delta变异株组(P<0.01)。Omicron变异株组以轻型为主和Delta变异株组以普通型为主,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但两组在接种疫苗情况差异无统计学意义。两组均以发热、咽痛症状为主,Omicron变异株组发热比率较Delta变异株组高(86.3%vs 51.5%,P<0.01)。Omicron变异株组患者的CRP异常人数少于Delta变异株组(P<0.01),且胸部CT首次影像学特征改变较少(2.0%vs 73.3%,P<0.05)。经治疗后Omicron变异株组鼻咽拭子检测核酸转阴时间比Delta变异株组更短(29.96±8.17 d vs 25.82±10.73 d,P=0.013)。此外,Omicron变异株组中与鼻咽拭子检测相比,肛拭子检测核酸转阴时间更短(P<0.01),入院时血清IgG水平为(6.504±1.33)S/CO,在1周后明显升高为(218.6±14.51)S/CO(P<0.01)。入院时血清IgM水平为(0.05±0.01)S/CO,1周后也呈升高趋势,平均为(1.205±0.22)S/CO(P<0.01)。结论与Delta变异株相比,Omicron变异株组以轻型为主,发热、咽痛为主要表现,肺部CT出现新冠肺炎影像学特征性改变较少且轻微。Omicron变异株组鼻咽拭子检测核酸转阴时间比Delta变异株组长;且Omicron变异株患者入院时血清IgM、IgG抗体阴性或数值较低,发病1周后显著升高。展开更多
Wastewater surveillance has been applied in various parts of the world to monitor the introduction and transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 variants in a population. The knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in a popula...Wastewater surveillance has been applied in various parts of the world to monitor the introduction and transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 variants in a population. The knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in a population is critical to COVID-19 management and timing of the application of public health countermeasures. Contrary to the routine clinical surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 where cases from asymptomatic patients are often underreported, wastewater surveillance offers an unbiased tool for monitoring the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in a community. The present study aimed to characterize SARS-CoV-2 variants that circulated in Nairobi County, Kenya, between April 2021 and August 2021 utilizing wastewater samples. Viral RNA was extracted from wastewater samples, followed by SARS-CoV-2 screening by real-time RT-qPCR before targeted sequencing of the Spike gene. Forty samples were analyzed, of which 50% (n = 20) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-qPCR. Of these, 45% (n = 9) were successfully amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The majority (78%, 7/9) of the viruses belonged to the Delta (B.1.617.2) lineage of SARS-CoV-2, while a minority (22%) belonged to the Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Alpha-Delta lineages. Phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-COV-2 delta lineage strains revealed scattered clustering of the Kenyan viruses among the global strains included in the analysis, suggesting different introductory routes into the country. On the whole, our results confirm previous clinical findings that SARS-CoV-2 variants belonging to the Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2) lineages circulated in Nairobi County, Kenya during the study period, with the latter predominating. This is the first study to describe the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Kenya, through wastewater analysis.展开更多
BACKGROUND The B.1.617.2(delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)was first discovered in Maharashtra in late 2020 and has rapidly expanded across India and worldwide.It took only 2 ...BACKGROUND The B.1.617.2(delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)was first discovered in Maharashtra in late 2020 and has rapidly expanded across India and worldwide.It took only 2 mo for this variant to spread in Indonesia,making the country the new epicenter of the delta variant as of July 2021.Despite efforts made by accelerating massive rollouts of current vaccines to protect against infection,cases of fully-vaccinated people infected with the delta variant have been reported.AIM To describe the demographic statistics and clinical presentation of the delta variant infection after the second dose of vaccine in Indonesia.METHODS A retrospective,single-centre case series of the general consecutive population that worked or studied at Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Indonesia with confirmed Delta Variant Infection after a second dose of vaccine from 24 June and 25 June 2021.Cases were collected retrospectively based on a combination of author recall,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and whole genome sequencing results from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory,Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Indonesia.RESULTS Between 24 June and 25 June 2021,15 subjects were confirmed with the B.1.617.2(delta)variant infection after a second dose of the vaccine.Fourteen subjects were vaccinated with CoronaVac(Sinovac)and one subject with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19(Oxford-AstraZeneca).All of the subjects remained in home isolation,with fever being the most common symptom at the onset of illness(n=10,66.67%).The mean duration of symptoms was 7.73 d(±5.444).The mean time that elapsed from the first positive swab to a negative RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 was 17.93 d(±6.3464).The median time that elapsed from the second dose of vaccine to the first positive swab was 87 d(interquartile range:86-128).CONCLUSION Although this case shows that after two doses of vaccine,subjects are still susceptible to the delta variant infection,currently available vaccines remain the most effective protection.They reduce clinical manifestations of COVID-19,decrease recovery time from the first positive swab to negative swab,and lower the probability of hospitalization and mortality rate compared to unvaccinated individuals.展开更多
Objective:To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)Delta variant infection in children in Xi'an and Baoji.Methods:According to the official information released by Shaan...Objective:To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)Delta variant infection in children in Xi'an and Baoji.Methods:According to the official information released by Shaanxi Province,the information of confirmed cases in Xi'an(December 20,2021 to January 8,2022)and Baoji(March 8 to March 27,2022)were collected respectively.Records include age,sex,residential address,community and other basic information.Isolation mode,isolation time,morbidity and positive time of viral nucleic acid test,vaccination,clinical typing,close contact personnel,cluster incidence situation and the social activity tracking of the confirmed cases were collected,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results:In 20 days,there were 281 infected children in Xi'an,accounting for 14.48%of the total cases(1,940 cases),including 154 boys(54.8%)and 127 girls(45.20%).The number of diagnosed children in Baoji City(55 cases)is 19.57%of that in Xi'an(55/281),but accounts for 23.31%of the total number of cases(236 cases)in Baoji(this ratio is higher than that of 14.48%in Xi'an).Among the 55 cases of children,there are 33 males(60.00%)and 22 females(40.00%).The proportion of male children in both cities is higher.The median age of diagnosed children in Xi'an was 7.0 years(IQR:1.0-13.0 years old),and the age range was 4 d-18 years old,while the median age of Baoji children was 9.0 years old(IQR:5.0-17.0 years old),ranging from 3 months to 18 years old.The number of children vaccinated in Xi'an and Baoji was positively correlated with the number of infected children.The vaccination rates of children in Xi'an and Baoji were 64.06%and 52.73%,respectively.The vaccination rates of infants(≤1 year old)in both cities were 18.52%and 14.29%,respectively.On the whole,the number of new child cases in the two cities increased first and then decreased.The peak number of new child cases in Xi'an was 39(10th day of statistics),while that of Baoji was 13(6th day of statistics).The peak in Xi'an comes later and the epidemic lasts longer.Among the children in Xi'an,201(71.53%)had a history of close contact,55(19.57%)had no clear history of COVID-19 infection,and were positive after actively participating in the nucleic acid test of all members of the community,of which 54(98.18%)were primary and middle school students.54 cases(98.18%)of Baoji children had a history of close contact,of which 20 cases were infected by the confirmed case number 62 officially announced on March 10.The time to be positive for viral nucleic acid test in children after isolation was 1-14 days.The positive rate of children in Xi'an reached 85.41%(240/281)after 7 days of isolation,and the highest peak of positive detection was on the third day of isolation(84 cases).After 7 days of isolation,45 cases were positive in Baoji,accounting for 81.82%(45/55).The highest peak of positive detection was on the 5th day of isolation(11 cases).The regional distribution of infected children in Xi'an was the highest in Yanta District(137 cases),followed by High-tech Zone(42 cases)and Lianhu District(29 cases).The main manifestations of COVID-19 in Xi'an were light(278 cases,98.93%),common type(3 cases,1.07%),light in Baoji(54 cases,98.18%),and common type(1 case,1.82%).Through general clinical treatment(including traditional Chinese medicine treatment and symptomatic treatment),all were cured.Conclusion:Delta variant increases the susceptibility of children to infection,which spreads rapidly mainly through close family contact and community concealment,so it is necessary to study better early diagnosis and prevention and control measures.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)virus has been a world-known pan-demic since February 2020.Multiple variances had been established;the most common variants in Israel were omicron and delta.AIM To analyze and compare laboratory values in the"omicron"and"delta"variants of the coronavirus by conducting follow-up examinations and laboratory audits on COVID-19 patients admitted to our institution.METHODS A retrospective study,two groups,50 patients in each group.Patients examined positive for COVID-19 were divided into groups according to the common variant at the given time.We reviewed demographic data and laboratory results such as complete blood count and full chemistry,including electrolytes and coagulation parameters.RESULTS The mean age was 52%,66.53±21.7 were female.No significance was found comparing laboratory results in the following disciplines:Blood count,hemo-globin,and lymphocytes(P=0.41,P=0.87,P=0.97).Omicron and delta variants have higher neutrophil counts,though they are not significantly different(P=0.38).Coagulation tests:Activated paritial thromoplastin test and international normalized ratio(P=0.72,P=0.68).We found no significance of abnormality for all electrolytes.CONCLUSION The study compares laboratory results of blood tests between two variants of the COVID-19 virus–omicron and delta.We found no significance between the variants.Our results show the need for further research with larger data as well as the need to compare all COVID-19 variants.
文摘目的探讨新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株与Delta变异株感染患者临床及实验室特征。方法采用回顾性研究方法,收集2021年12月至2022年3月我院收治的Omicron变异株组(51例)与Delta变异株组(45例)感染者的临床资料,比较两组临床基线资料、胸部CT影像学的特征差异。结果两组各个年龄段均有发病,Omicron变异株组儿童及女性患者多于Delta变异株组(P<0.01)。Omicron变异株组以轻型为主和Delta变异株组以普通型为主,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但两组在接种疫苗情况差异无统计学意义。两组均以发热、咽痛症状为主,Omicron变异株组发热比率较Delta变异株组高(86.3%vs 51.5%,P<0.01)。Omicron变异株组患者的CRP异常人数少于Delta变异株组(P<0.01),且胸部CT首次影像学特征改变较少(2.0%vs 73.3%,P<0.05)。经治疗后Omicron变异株组鼻咽拭子检测核酸转阴时间比Delta变异株组更短(29.96±8.17 d vs 25.82±10.73 d,P=0.013)。此外,Omicron变异株组中与鼻咽拭子检测相比,肛拭子检测核酸转阴时间更短(P<0.01),入院时血清IgG水平为(6.504±1.33)S/CO,在1周后明显升高为(218.6±14.51)S/CO(P<0.01)。入院时血清IgM水平为(0.05±0.01)S/CO,1周后也呈升高趋势,平均为(1.205±0.22)S/CO(P<0.01)。结论与Delta变异株相比,Omicron变异株组以轻型为主,发热、咽痛为主要表现,肺部CT出现新冠肺炎影像学特征性改变较少且轻微。Omicron变异株组鼻咽拭子检测核酸转阴时间比Delta变异株组长;且Omicron变异株患者入院时血清IgM、IgG抗体阴性或数值较低,发病1周后显著升高。
文摘Wastewater surveillance has been applied in various parts of the world to monitor the introduction and transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 variants in a population. The knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in a population is critical to COVID-19 management and timing of the application of public health countermeasures. Contrary to the routine clinical surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 where cases from asymptomatic patients are often underreported, wastewater surveillance offers an unbiased tool for monitoring the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in a community. The present study aimed to characterize SARS-CoV-2 variants that circulated in Nairobi County, Kenya, between April 2021 and August 2021 utilizing wastewater samples. Viral RNA was extracted from wastewater samples, followed by SARS-CoV-2 screening by real-time RT-qPCR before targeted sequencing of the Spike gene. Forty samples were analyzed, of which 50% (n = 20) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-qPCR. Of these, 45% (n = 9) were successfully amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The majority (78%, 7/9) of the viruses belonged to the Delta (B.1.617.2) lineage of SARS-CoV-2, while a minority (22%) belonged to the Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Alpha-Delta lineages. Phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-COV-2 delta lineage strains revealed scattered clustering of the Kenyan viruses among the global strains included in the analysis, suggesting different introductory routes into the country. On the whole, our results confirm previous clinical findings that SARS-CoV-2 variants belonging to the Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2) lineages circulated in Nairobi County, Kenya during the study period, with the latter predominating. This is the first study to describe the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Kenya, through wastewater analysis.
文摘BACKGROUND The B.1.617.2(delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)was first discovered in Maharashtra in late 2020 and has rapidly expanded across India and worldwide.It took only 2 mo for this variant to spread in Indonesia,making the country the new epicenter of the delta variant as of July 2021.Despite efforts made by accelerating massive rollouts of current vaccines to protect against infection,cases of fully-vaccinated people infected with the delta variant have been reported.AIM To describe the demographic statistics and clinical presentation of the delta variant infection after the second dose of vaccine in Indonesia.METHODS A retrospective,single-centre case series of the general consecutive population that worked or studied at Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Indonesia with confirmed Delta Variant Infection after a second dose of vaccine from 24 June and 25 June 2021.Cases were collected retrospectively based on a combination of author recall,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and whole genome sequencing results from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory,Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Indonesia.RESULTS Between 24 June and 25 June 2021,15 subjects were confirmed with the B.1.617.2(delta)variant infection after a second dose of the vaccine.Fourteen subjects were vaccinated with CoronaVac(Sinovac)and one subject with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19(Oxford-AstraZeneca).All of the subjects remained in home isolation,with fever being the most common symptom at the onset of illness(n=10,66.67%).The mean duration of symptoms was 7.73 d(±5.444).The mean time that elapsed from the first positive swab to a negative RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 was 17.93 d(±6.3464).The median time that elapsed from the second dose of vaccine to the first positive swab was 87 d(interquartile range:86-128).CONCLUSION Although this case shows that after two doses of vaccine,subjects are still susceptible to the delta variant infection,currently available vaccines remain the most effective protection.They reduce clinical manifestations of COVID-19,decrease recovery time from the first positive swab to negative swab,and lower the probability of hospitalization and mortality rate compared to unvaccinated individuals.
文摘Objective:To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)Delta variant infection in children in Xi'an and Baoji.Methods:According to the official information released by Shaanxi Province,the information of confirmed cases in Xi'an(December 20,2021 to January 8,2022)and Baoji(March 8 to March 27,2022)were collected respectively.Records include age,sex,residential address,community and other basic information.Isolation mode,isolation time,morbidity and positive time of viral nucleic acid test,vaccination,clinical typing,close contact personnel,cluster incidence situation and the social activity tracking of the confirmed cases were collected,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results:In 20 days,there were 281 infected children in Xi'an,accounting for 14.48%of the total cases(1,940 cases),including 154 boys(54.8%)and 127 girls(45.20%).The number of diagnosed children in Baoji City(55 cases)is 19.57%of that in Xi'an(55/281),but accounts for 23.31%of the total number of cases(236 cases)in Baoji(this ratio is higher than that of 14.48%in Xi'an).Among the 55 cases of children,there are 33 males(60.00%)and 22 females(40.00%).The proportion of male children in both cities is higher.The median age of diagnosed children in Xi'an was 7.0 years(IQR:1.0-13.0 years old),and the age range was 4 d-18 years old,while the median age of Baoji children was 9.0 years old(IQR:5.0-17.0 years old),ranging from 3 months to 18 years old.The number of children vaccinated in Xi'an and Baoji was positively correlated with the number of infected children.The vaccination rates of children in Xi'an and Baoji were 64.06%and 52.73%,respectively.The vaccination rates of infants(≤1 year old)in both cities were 18.52%and 14.29%,respectively.On the whole,the number of new child cases in the two cities increased first and then decreased.The peak number of new child cases in Xi'an was 39(10th day of statistics),while that of Baoji was 13(6th day of statistics).The peak in Xi'an comes later and the epidemic lasts longer.Among the children in Xi'an,201(71.53%)had a history of close contact,55(19.57%)had no clear history of COVID-19 infection,and were positive after actively participating in the nucleic acid test of all members of the community,of which 54(98.18%)were primary and middle school students.54 cases(98.18%)of Baoji children had a history of close contact,of which 20 cases were infected by the confirmed case number 62 officially announced on March 10.The time to be positive for viral nucleic acid test in children after isolation was 1-14 days.The positive rate of children in Xi'an reached 85.41%(240/281)after 7 days of isolation,and the highest peak of positive detection was on the third day of isolation(84 cases).After 7 days of isolation,45 cases were positive in Baoji,accounting for 81.82%(45/55).The highest peak of positive detection was on the 5th day of isolation(11 cases).The regional distribution of infected children in Xi'an was the highest in Yanta District(137 cases),followed by High-tech Zone(42 cases)and Lianhu District(29 cases).The main manifestations of COVID-19 in Xi'an were light(278 cases,98.93%),common type(3 cases,1.07%),light in Baoji(54 cases,98.18%),and common type(1 case,1.82%).Through general clinical treatment(including traditional Chinese medicine treatment and symptomatic treatment),all were cured.Conclusion:Delta variant increases the susceptibility of children to infection,which spreads rapidly mainly through close family contact and community concealment,so it is necessary to study better early diagnosis and prevention and control measures.
