Isozyme Phenotypic Difference of Varicorhinus macrolepis Malic Enzyme

By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical straining method, malic enzyme isozyme in 10 organs of male or female Varicorhinus macrolepis were analyzed. The results showed that malic enzyme exists in heart, gonads, eyes and gills tissues in both female and male V. macrolepis. There was only one ME-2 in heart and ME-1 in eye of female fish, while there were ME-1 and ME-2 in heart and ME-2 in eyes of male fish. Ovary contained ME-1 and ME-2, while spermary only contained ME-1. In kidney and spleen tissues, malic enzyme was found only in female fish, while in muscle, malic enzyme existed only in male fish. The phenotypic of malic enzyme had obvious differences no matter in the same organ of different sexes in V. macrolepis or different organs in the same sex. But there were no differences among different individuals of the same sex. The results will provide basic data for developmental genetics, breed improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis, and lay a foundation for its development and protection.

Research on Sex and Tissue Differences in Isozymic Phenotype of Varicorhinus macrolepis through Isozyme Electrophoresis

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and biochemical staining method were used in this study for the analysis on malate dehydrogenase (MDH,E.C. 1.1.1.37) isozymes zymogram in 11 different types of tissues of male and female Varicorhinus macrolepis. It had been found for the first time that the phenotype of malate dehydrogenase (MDH),acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed difference between male and female V. macrolepis,and there was no difference among different individuals in the same sex. Therefore,the electrophoresis band of malate dehydrogenase,acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase could be used as an indicator for the identification of gender and tissues of V. macrolepis,which would provide basic data for the developmental genetics,variety improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis groups,thus facilitating the development and protection of this valuable fish species.

The Karyotype of Chi-lin Fish(Varicorhinus macrolepis) from Taishan Mountain

[Objective] The paper was to study the karyotype of Chi-lin fish （Varicorhi- nus macrolepis） from Taishan mountain. [Method] The chromosome number and karyotype of an endemic Chi-lin fish were studied using the head kidney cells. [Re- sult] The diploid chromosome number （2n） of Chi-lin fish was 50, and the karyotype of V. macrolepis was 2n=50,16m＋14sm＋20t, NF =80. No sex-chromosome was found in Chi-lin fish. [Conclusion] A detailed karyotype of this endemic cyprinid fish of Taishan Mountain was established for the first time in this study.

Protection and Development of Varicorhinus macrolepis Germplasm Resources

Varicorhinus macrolepis is a unique rare fish in the Mount Tai area and belongs to the national second-class protected animals. Due to the development of Mount Tai area and the impact of human activities, the amount of wild V. macrolepis resources has been reduced sharply and is about to go extinct. In order to protect this rare freshwater fish, various protection policies have been promulgat- ed by various levels of government and various protection measures have been im- plemented, a number of studies have been conducted by all levels of scientific re- search institutes, and local enterprises, farmers and social groups are also actively involved in the protection activities. The protective measures and the achieved re- sults were summed up in this paper. It is believed that with the active participation of government at all levels, scientific research institutes at all levels, breeding units and social groups, significant results have been obtained after years of implementa- tion of the protection-development pattern, the amount of V. macrolepis germplasm resources has been recovered significantly, and V. macrolepis has been utilized suc- cessfully in the nutrition, health care, tourism, culture and other areas. The protec- tion model for V. macrolepis has a certain reference value for germplasm resources protection, propagation and development of other rare species.

多鳞白甲鱼早期发育特征观察

为了探究多鳞白甲鱼(Varicorhinus macrolepis)早期发育特征规律,对2019年3月采集于大宁河的多鳞白甲鱼亲鱼进行人工催产和授精,并观察和描述多鳞白甲鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的形态特征和时序。结果显示:多鳞白甲鱼受精卵为卵圆形沉性卵,具粘性;一般呈金黄色或白色,相对透明;卵径为(2.46±0.12)mm。在水温为(17.2±0.5)℃的条件下,多鳞白甲鱼胚胎耗时147 h 30 min出膜,有效积温达到2582.56℃·h。整个胚胎发育过程大致可分分为7个阶段:受精卵形成期(0~1 h 48 min)、卵裂期(3 h 38 min~7 h 38 min)、囊胚期(9 h 32 min~22 h 2 min)、原肠胚期(33 h 15 min~45 h 19 min)、神经胚形成期(50 h 24 min~53 h 55 min)、器官形成期(56 h~95 h 55 min)、出膜期(103 h 31 min~147 h 30 min)共7个阶段。初孵仔鱼全长(8.86±0.52)mm,心率114~128次/min。眼色素于2日龄开始出现并逐渐加深;6日龄时卵黄囊耗竭,进入外源性营养阶段;8日龄仔鱼腹腔出现鳔一室;20日龄仔鱼出现背鳍鳍条,腹部鳍褶延伸至胸鳍后缘,臀鳍开始分化;21日龄出现鳔二室;34日龄开始出现鳞片,进入稚鱼期;70日龄鳞片遍布全身,体型和体色与成鱼相近,进入幼鱼阶段。